Although the Hawaiian Islands are blessed with an abundance of renewable energy sources including excellent solar and wind resources, and have the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy standards, the state still relys heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. With isolated (unconnected) island grids and sparse systems on some islands, integration of the intermittent renewable generation systems has been challenging. In this talk, Richard discusses the approach used to identify strategic paths forward and describes several projects currently underway including the Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project, the Smart Grid Inverter Project and several grid-scale battery energy storage projects.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid key issues and Emerging S...Power System Operation
Introduction
Why is grid integration an important topic?
Trends:
Increasing energy demand
Urbanization
Climate change mitigation targets
Need for grid modernization
Every power system has
characteristics that promote and
inhibit integration of variable RE
Grid integration is the practice of
developing efficient ways to
deliver high penetration levels of
variable RE to the grid
Source:
“Renewable Energy
Futures” 2012
The document discusses Hawaii's efforts to transform its electricity grid to integrate more renewable energy sources like wind and solar in order to meet renewable portfolio standards and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Planning studies are being conducted to understand the impacts and feasibility of integrating high levels of variable renewable resources. New tools, programs, and processes are being developed and applied to help facilitate this transformation, including the Hawaii Utility Integration Initiative, battery energy storage demonstrations, and studies of inter-island wind transmission via undersea cables. The goal is to achieve a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective renewable energy future for Hawaii.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 L CURRO Horizon Powerjames hamilton
Isolated island power systems are experiencing unprecedented demands for the connection of solar PV. This is currently seen as a threat to traditional utility models. As costs of renewable energy are decreasing, there is increasing complexity in the integration and the economics surrounding this. The realisation of existing investments in networks and generators is often shaping the discussions and way forward. The presentation will discuss the impact of disruptive technologies on islanded systems.
Laurie Curro holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from WAIT (now Curtin University) and a Master of Engineering Science (UWA) as well as Graduate Diploma Technology Management (Deakin).
He has over 30 years’ experience working in the Power Transmission and Distribution industry, with particular interest in distribution and power system planning, distribution design, distribution reliability power quality, system operations and maintenance and smart grid planning.
He has also established and managed a distribution control and fault management centre. Laurie is currently General Manager Power System Services at Horizon Power. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers and a Graduate Member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Webinar recording available at
Power system flexibility relates to the ability of the power system to manage changes.
Solutions providing advances in flexibility are of utmost importance for the future power system. Development and deployment of innovative technologies, communication and monitoring possibilities, as well as increased interaction and information exchange, are enablers to provide holistic flexibility solutions. Furthermore, development of new methods for market design and analysis, as well as methods and procedures related to system planning and operation, will be required to utilise available flexibility to provide most value to society.
However, flexibility is not a unified term and is lacking a commonly accepted definition.
The flexibility term is used as an umbrella covering various needs and aspects in the power system. This situation makes it highly complex to discuss flexibility in the power system and craves for differentiation to enhance clarity. In this work, the solution has been to differentiate
the flexibility term on needs, and to categorise flexibility needs in four categories.
Here, flexibility needs are considered from over-all system perspectives (stability, frequency and energy supply) and from more local perspectives (transfer capacities, voltage and power quality). With flexibility support considered for both operation and planning of the power system, it is required in a timescale from fractions of a second (e.g. stability and frequency support) to minutes and hours (e.g. thermal loadings and generation dispatch) to months and years (e.g. planning for seasonal adequacy and planning of new investments).
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 R ROCHELEAU HNEIjames hamilton
Although the Hawaiian Islands are blessed with an abundance of renewable energy sources including excellent solar and wind resources, and have the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy standards, the state still rely heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. With isolated (unconnected) island grids and sparse systems on some islands, integration of the intermittent renewable generation systems has been challenging. The Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) at the University of Hawaii has initiated an integrated effort involving modeling, testing, and demonstration to identify and validate pathways to higher renewable integration. In this talk, I will discuss the analysis being used to identify strategic paths forward and will describe several projects currently underway including the Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project, the Smart Grid Inverter Project and several grid-scale battery energy storage projects.
Richard Rocheleau (PhD, Chemical Engineering, University of DE), has over 35 years of experience in renewable energy, with an emphasis in the areas of photovoltaics, hydrogen fuel cells, and energy systems. Dr. Rocheleau joined the faculty of the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute at the University of Hawaii in 1988 and was appointed Director in 2000. Under his direction, the Institute is leading the development of public‐private partnerships focused on the development, testing and integration of alternative energy technologies into the electrical grid. HNEI has major funding from the US Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. Dr. Rocheleau was also successful in positioning the Institute to receive a portion of the ‘barrel tax’, established by the Hawaii State Legislature supporting studies for integration of renewable energy technologies into the grid intended to assist the state to meet its aggressive renewable energy portfolio goals.
PG&E's Distribution Resources Plan (DRP) evaluates the locational benefits and costs of distributed energy resources (DERs) on PG&E's distribution system. The plan analyzes over 102,000 distribution line sections across PG&E's service territory to determine each section's integration capacity for 10 different DER types. The analysis considers various power system criteria like thermal limits, voltage regulation, protection, and reliability. The DRP aims to identify optimal locations for DER deployment based on reductions in local grid upgrades and investments.
Francisco uses successful integration experiences in islands to demonstrate that the challenges of high RE penetration can be overcome. Reliable and efficient supply of electricity is possible, if a consistent planning process, considering the particularities of each island, takes place. This presentation shows how IRENA have used grid integration studies to support, at a global level, the planning of the technical aspects related to the operation of the power grids in Small Island Developing States.
U.S. Department of Energy 2015 Quadrennial Technology ReviewKeith D. Patch
The document provides an overview and summary of the Quadrennial Technology Review conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2015. It discusses the goals and process of the technology review. Key areas examined include modernizing the electric grid, developing clean electric power technologies like carbon capture and storage, advancing renewable energy, improving building and vehicle efficiencies, producing clean fuels, and enabling advanced manufacturing. The review aims to provide analysis and recommendations to guide energy technology research and development.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid key issues and Emerging S...Power System Operation
Introduction
Why is grid integration an important topic?
Trends:
Increasing energy demand
Urbanization
Climate change mitigation targets
Need for grid modernization
Every power system has
characteristics that promote and
inhibit integration of variable RE
Grid integration is the practice of
developing efficient ways to
deliver high penetration levels of
variable RE to the grid
Source:
“Renewable Energy
Futures” 2012
The document discusses Hawaii's efforts to transform its electricity grid to integrate more renewable energy sources like wind and solar in order to meet renewable portfolio standards and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Planning studies are being conducted to understand the impacts and feasibility of integrating high levels of variable renewable resources. New tools, programs, and processes are being developed and applied to help facilitate this transformation, including the Hawaii Utility Integration Initiative, battery energy storage demonstrations, and studies of inter-island wind transmission via undersea cables. The goal is to achieve a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective renewable energy future for Hawaii.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 L CURRO Horizon Powerjames hamilton
Isolated island power systems are experiencing unprecedented demands for the connection of solar PV. This is currently seen as a threat to traditional utility models. As costs of renewable energy are decreasing, there is increasing complexity in the integration and the economics surrounding this. The realisation of existing investments in networks and generators is often shaping the discussions and way forward. The presentation will discuss the impact of disruptive technologies on islanded systems.
Laurie Curro holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from WAIT (now Curtin University) and a Master of Engineering Science (UWA) as well as Graduate Diploma Technology Management (Deakin).
He has over 30 years’ experience working in the Power Transmission and Distribution industry, with particular interest in distribution and power system planning, distribution design, distribution reliability power quality, system operations and maintenance and smart grid planning.
He has also established and managed a distribution control and fault management centre. Laurie is currently General Manager Power System Services at Horizon Power. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Engineers and a Graduate Member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Webinar recording available at
Power system flexibility relates to the ability of the power system to manage changes.
Solutions providing advances in flexibility are of utmost importance for the future power system. Development and deployment of innovative technologies, communication and monitoring possibilities, as well as increased interaction and information exchange, are enablers to provide holistic flexibility solutions. Furthermore, development of new methods for market design and analysis, as well as methods and procedures related to system planning and operation, will be required to utilise available flexibility to provide most value to society.
However, flexibility is not a unified term and is lacking a commonly accepted definition.
The flexibility term is used as an umbrella covering various needs and aspects in the power system. This situation makes it highly complex to discuss flexibility in the power system and craves for differentiation to enhance clarity. In this work, the solution has been to differentiate
the flexibility term on needs, and to categorise flexibility needs in four categories.
Here, flexibility needs are considered from over-all system perspectives (stability, frequency and energy supply) and from more local perspectives (transfer capacities, voltage and power quality). With flexibility support considered for both operation and planning of the power system, it is required in a timescale from fractions of a second (e.g. stability and frequency support) to minutes and hours (e.g. thermal loadings and generation dispatch) to months and years (e.g. planning for seasonal adequacy and planning of new investments).
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 R ROCHELEAU HNEIjames hamilton
Although the Hawaiian Islands are blessed with an abundance of renewable energy sources including excellent solar and wind resources, and have the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy standards, the state still rely heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. With isolated (unconnected) island grids and sparse systems on some islands, integration of the intermittent renewable generation systems has been challenging. The Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) at the University of Hawaii has initiated an integrated effort involving modeling, testing, and demonstration to identify and validate pathways to higher renewable integration. In this talk, I will discuss the analysis being used to identify strategic paths forward and will describe several projects currently underway including the Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project, the Smart Grid Inverter Project and several grid-scale battery energy storage projects.
Richard Rocheleau (PhD, Chemical Engineering, University of DE), has over 35 years of experience in renewable energy, with an emphasis in the areas of photovoltaics, hydrogen fuel cells, and energy systems. Dr. Rocheleau joined the faculty of the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute at the University of Hawaii in 1988 and was appointed Director in 2000. Under his direction, the Institute is leading the development of public‐private partnerships focused on the development, testing and integration of alternative energy technologies into the electrical grid. HNEI has major funding from the US Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. Dr. Rocheleau was also successful in positioning the Institute to receive a portion of the ‘barrel tax’, established by the Hawaii State Legislature supporting studies for integration of renewable energy technologies into the grid intended to assist the state to meet its aggressive renewable energy portfolio goals.
PG&E's Distribution Resources Plan (DRP) evaluates the locational benefits and costs of distributed energy resources (DERs) on PG&E's distribution system. The plan analyzes over 102,000 distribution line sections across PG&E's service territory to determine each section's integration capacity for 10 different DER types. The analysis considers various power system criteria like thermal limits, voltage regulation, protection, and reliability. The DRP aims to identify optimal locations for DER deployment based on reductions in local grid upgrades and investments.
Francisco uses successful integration experiences in islands to demonstrate that the challenges of high RE penetration can be overcome. Reliable and efficient supply of electricity is possible, if a consistent planning process, considering the particularities of each island, takes place. This presentation shows how IRENA have used grid integration studies to support, at a global level, the planning of the technical aspects related to the operation of the power grids in Small Island Developing States.
U.S. Department of Energy 2015 Quadrennial Technology ReviewKeith D. Patch
The document provides an overview and summary of the Quadrennial Technology Review conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2015. It discusses the goals and process of the technology review. Key areas examined include modernizing the electric grid, developing clean electric power technologies like carbon capture and storage, advancing renewable energy, improving building and vehicle efficiencies, producing clean fuels, and enabling advanced manufacturing. The review aims to provide analysis and recommendations to guide energy technology research and development.
Practical Energy Efficiency, Design, Engineering and AuditingLiving Online
Reducing the energy costs at one’s facility must surely be of the most effective and achievable strategies for lowering operating costs. This workshop gives you practical tools to identify and implement programs and projects to reduce energy consumption in the most effective and practical ways. You will be provided with the skills and latest knowledge on proven methods of making real savings in your energy bills. You can start such programs as soon as you wish, and start saving immediately thereafter.
You will be greatly surprised at the levels of energy losses and poor efficiency of some of the devices in your facility that consume power when the facility is operational. You will also be greatly surprised at the energy consumption of your facility when it is not operational.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/energy-efficiency-design-engineering-and-auditing-13
Presentation by Bushveld Energy from the March 2019 Power Electricity & World Africa conference in South Africa. The presentation covers four questions:
1) How does storage technology integrate with energy generation and then with renewables ?
2) What are the key critical success factors that relate to the development of an energy storage project ?
3) Is there a greenfield pipeline of bankable projects?
4) Who is likely to finance these assets?
Relying almost entirely on energy from variable renewable energy sources (vRES) will require a transformation in the way power systems are planned and operated. This report outlines steps for overcoming the challenges in creating power systems with the flexibility needed to maintain system security and reliability while relying primarily on variable energy resources. The work is largely a synthesis of the many reports and studies on this subject. It seeks to summarize that body of work for a less technical audience that will need to put in place the policies, technical changes, and institutional systems necessary to make the power system of the future a reality. For this work we gathered opinions from a dedicated power system flexibility advisory panel, through two meetings, e- mail exchanges, and an online survey.
Renewable energy integration and energy storage Bushveld Energy
This document summarizes a presentation given by the CEO of Bushveld Energy on renewable energy integration and energy storage in Africa. It discusses three challenges of integrating renewable energy into transmission networks: 1) decreased system utilization requiring network overbuilding, 2) regional mismatches between new renewable generation and transmission infrastructure, and 3) potential for battery energy storage systems to defer transmission expansion projects, using examples from Texas. It also notes energy storage can provide multiple benefits by increasing system utilization and addressing local grid issues not captured in national models.
The document summarizes the results of phase 1 and provides an update on phase 2 of a battery testing project. It found that Sony and Pylontech battery packs demonstrated excellent capacity retention based on cycles completed. Samsung, Tesla, BYD and Pylontech batteries showed high reliability while Samsung and BYD had high round-trip efficiency between 85-95%. The report also discussed battery market trends including price reductions stalling but expected to decrease in the medium term due to new production capacity.
The Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation works through the academic units of Carnegie Mellon University to find solutions for the nation’s and world’s energy challenges through research, strategic partnerships, public policy outreach and education.
Technical Assumptions Used in PV Financial Models: Review of Current Practice...Leonardo ENERGY
Photovoltaic (PV) financial models are used by project developers, banks and asset managers to evaluate the profitability of a PV project. This work presents an overview of current practices for financial modelling of PV investments and reviews them in view of technical and financial risks during the different phases of a PV project. This webinar presents the results from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) Task 13 Subtask 1. The webinar focuses on establishing common practices for translating the technical parameters of performance and reliability into financial terms. The presentations give a comprehensive set of practical guidelines and recommendations for mitigating and hedging financial risks in a PV investment. The report Technical Assumptions Used in PV Financial Models – Review of Current Practices and Recommendations can be downloaded here: http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=426
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T BUTLER CECjames hamilton
The Clean Energy Council is the peak body for the clean energy industry in Australia.The CEC represent and work with hundreds of leading businesses operating in solar, wind, energy efficiency, hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, geothermal and marine along with more than 4000 solar installers.
The CEC is committed to accelerating the transformation of Australia’s energy system to one that is smarter and cleaner.
Tom is passionate about renewable energy, with a career spent heavily involved in addressing grid interconnection challenges and negotiating technical outcomes on behalf of project developers and researchers.
Across his 5 years with the CEC, Tom has supervised policy outcomes on behalf of Australia’s renewable energy industry. In seeking to contribute across the transformation of Australia’s electricity supply system
Tom has perviously held positions with companies such as Senergy Econnect and Team Electrical.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T EDIS GREEN ENERGY...james hamilton
Tristan Edis has 13 years’ experience analysing energy and climate change policy issues and the associated markets, industries and technologies. He is one of Australia’s most prominent expert commentators on the renewable energy industry and climate change mitigation policy.
His experience most recently was as the editor of Australia’s leading daily news and analysis website on the business and politics of climate change – Climate Spectator. This publication acted as the key reference source on market, policy and industry issues affecting the renewable energy sector in Australia.
In addition Tristan Edis has also been involved in leading research on carbon abatement certificate markets and renewable energy through his time working at the Grattan Institute, Ernst & Young’s project finance advisory division, the Clean Energy Council and the Australian Government’s Greenhouse Office (which then became the Department of Climate Change).
Putting hydropower and renewables in contextCPWF Mekong
This document summarizes a project assessing the potential role of renewables in power supply in the Mekong region. It finds that renewables have significant technical potential, including over 90 GW from solar, wind, geothermal, small hydro and biomass. However, renewables face barriers to wider deployment. Hydropower currently plays a major role in centralized grid systems, while renewables are smaller-scale and connected to distribution networks. High renewable penetration will require technologies like gas or hydropower that can respond quickly to output variations. While not direct substitutes, hydropower and renewables could complement each other, with hydropower helping to integrate variable renewables. Realizing their synergies would require changes to institutional
This document discusses PG&E's efforts to integrate distributed energy resources like solar PV through advanced distribution planning. It notes that PG&E serves a large, diverse service area with over 2,500 MW of distributed generation already interconnected. PG&E is investing in enhanced planning tools like automated DG screening, online maps, and power flow modeling to help forecast DER growth and evaluate locational benefits. Granular modeling of distribution circuits and hourly load profiles are seen as critical to understanding impacts of two-way power flows and facilitating increased DER integration. Data sharing is also highlighted as important for integrated planning efforts going forward.
This document summarizes a study conducted by Black & Veatch for SMUD to assess the impacts of distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar PV, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, and demand response on SMUD's distribution system. The study used several modeling techniques including dispersion analysis, power flow modeling, and regression analysis. Key findings included that over 12,000 transformers may need to be upgraded due to electric vehicles, and 26% of substations showed voltage violations from solar PV. The study recommends establishing consistent DER adoption and transformer upgrade thresholds, extending the analysis to the full transmission and distribution system, and incorporating results into SMUD's grid modernization plan.
Presentation from 2018 Africa Energy Forum on the applications of flow batteries in Africa. The document focuses on vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) technology and looks at the true hybrid solar + storage micro-grid and utility use cases in particular.
The document discusses various challenges and opportunities in India's electricity transmission sector. It notes challenges in transmission planning due to uncertainties in generation sources and scheduling. Construction faces issues with land acquisition, statutory clearances, and skilled labor shortages. Implementation is challenged by tight commissioning timelines. Grid security and reliability pose ongoing issues around adherence to standards, congestion management, and protection systems. A transition to a market-based system through measures like general network access could help address some issues by providing generators flexibility while empowering states in transmission development.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 MASDARjames hamilton
Masdar is Abu Dhabi's renewable energy company that works to advance clean energy technologies and solutions, serving as a link between today's fossil fuel economy and the future energy economy. It is a commercially-driven company wholly owned by Mubadala Development Company. Masdar aims to diversify revenue sources beyond oil and ensure a stable life for UAE people.
5.6 off main-grid systems for access to electricityLeNS_slide
This document discusses off-main-grid systems for electricity access. It defines off-main-grid systems as decentralized or distributed systems that are not connected to the main electricity grid. The document outlines appropriate technologies for off-main-grid systems and compares centralized versus off-main-grid electrification approaches. It also describes different generation technologies that can be used in off-main-grid systems, including conventional diesel, non-conventional renewable energy technologies, and hybrid systems.
This document provides an overview of electricity storage technologies, applications, and prospects. It discusses how electricity storage can help integrate renewable energy and support the electric grid. A variety of technologies are described from mature options like pumped hydro to emerging batteries. Near-term battery storage is seen as providing opportunities across the grid while challenges remain for utilities and developers. Rapid growth in electricity storage deployment is forecast this decade across utility, commercial and residential applications.
KIREIP, has one main goal – increase renewable energy generation and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Ideally, renewables will provide over 65% of the annual energy demand and when conditions allow 100% renewable energy use. To achieve this, the project brought together a portfolio of new and existing technologies. Simon presents a possible future for renewable energy – a way renewable energy can work with enabling and storage technologies in a hybrid off-grid power system.
Simon Gamble, Manager for Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions at Hyrdo Tasmania, presented at our seminar entitled 'Securing Australia's Energy Future: The Challenge' on Friday 15 August 2014 in Melbourne.
Held as part of our Sustainability Leadership Series, the seminar brought together experts and practitioners from across government, business, academia and civil society, to discuss Australia’s transition to a secure, cleaner and cost-competitive energy future.
For more information about this seminar and the UNAA Sustainability Leadership Series please visit www.unaavictoria.org.au/education-advocacy/masterclasses/
Practical Energy Efficiency, Design, Engineering and AuditingLiving Online
Reducing the energy costs at one’s facility must surely be of the most effective and achievable strategies for lowering operating costs. This workshop gives you practical tools to identify and implement programs and projects to reduce energy consumption in the most effective and practical ways. You will be provided with the skills and latest knowledge on proven methods of making real savings in your energy bills. You can start such programs as soon as you wish, and start saving immediately thereafter.
You will be greatly surprised at the levels of energy losses and poor efficiency of some of the devices in your facility that consume power when the facility is operational. You will also be greatly surprised at the energy consumption of your facility when it is not operational.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/energy-efficiency-design-engineering-and-auditing-13
Presentation by Bushveld Energy from the March 2019 Power Electricity & World Africa conference in South Africa. The presentation covers four questions:
1) How does storage technology integrate with energy generation and then with renewables ?
2) What are the key critical success factors that relate to the development of an energy storage project ?
3) Is there a greenfield pipeline of bankable projects?
4) Who is likely to finance these assets?
Relying almost entirely on energy from variable renewable energy sources (vRES) will require a transformation in the way power systems are planned and operated. This report outlines steps for overcoming the challenges in creating power systems with the flexibility needed to maintain system security and reliability while relying primarily on variable energy resources. The work is largely a synthesis of the many reports and studies on this subject. It seeks to summarize that body of work for a less technical audience that will need to put in place the policies, technical changes, and institutional systems necessary to make the power system of the future a reality. For this work we gathered opinions from a dedicated power system flexibility advisory panel, through two meetings, e- mail exchanges, and an online survey.
Renewable energy integration and energy storage Bushveld Energy
This document summarizes a presentation given by the CEO of Bushveld Energy on renewable energy integration and energy storage in Africa. It discusses three challenges of integrating renewable energy into transmission networks: 1) decreased system utilization requiring network overbuilding, 2) regional mismatches between new renewable generation and transmission infrastructure, and 3) potential for battery energy storage systems to defer transmission expansion projects, using examples from Texas. It also notes energy storage can provide multiple benefits by increasing system utilization and addressing local grid issues not captured in national models.
The document summarizes the results of phase 1 and provides an update on phase 2 of a battery testing project. It found that Sony and Pylontech battery packs demonstrated excellent capacity retention based on cycles completed. Samsung, Tesla, BYD and Pylontech batteries showed high reliability while Samsung and BYD had high round-trip efficiency between 85-95%. The report also discussed battery market trends including price reductions stalling but expected to decrease in the medium term due to new production capacity.
The Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation works through the academic units of Carnegie Mellon University to find solutions for the nation’s and world’s energy challenges through research, strategic partnerships, public policy outreach and education.
Technical Assumptions Used in PV Financial Models: Review of Current Practice...Leonardo ENERGY
Photovoltaic (PV) financial models are used by project developers, banks and asset managers to evaluate the profitability of a PV project. This work presents an overview of current practices for financial modelling of PV investments and reviews them in view of technical and financial risks during the different phases of a PV project. This webinar presents the results from the International Energy Agency (IEA) Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) Task 13 Subtask 1. The webinar focuses on establishing common practices for translating the technical parameters of performance and reliability into financial terms. The presentations give a comprehensive set of practical guidelines and recommendations for mitigating and hedging financial risks in a PV investment. The report Technical Assumptions Used in PV Financial Models – Review of Current Practices and Recommendations can be downloaded here: http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=426
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T BUTLER CECjames hamilton
The Clean Energy Council is the peak body for the clean energy industry in Australia.The CEC represent and work with hundreds of leading businesses operating in solar, wind, energy efficiency, hydro, bioenergy, energy storage, geothermal and marine along with more than 4000 solar installers.
The CEC is committed to accelerating the transformation of Australia’s energy system to one that is smarter and cleaner.
Tom is passionate about renewable energy, with a career spent heavily involved in addressing grid interconnection challenges and negotiating technical outcomes on behalf of project developers and researchers.
Across his 5 years with the CEC, Tom has supervised policy outcomes on behalf of Australia’s renewable energy industry. In seeking to contribute across the transformation of Australia’s electricity supply system
Tom has perviously held positions with companies such as Senergy Econnect and Team Electrical.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 T EDIS GREEN ENERGY...james hamilton
Tristan Edis has 13 years’ experience analysing energy and climate change policy issues and the associated markets, industries and technologies. He is one of Australia’s most prominent expert commentators on the renewable energy industry and climate change mitigation policy.
His experience most recently was as the editor of Australia’s leading daily news and analysis website on the business and politics of climate change – Climate Spectator. This publication acted as the key reference source on market, policy and industry issues affecting the renewable energy sector in Australia.
In addition Tristan Edis has also been involved in leading research on carbon abatement certificate markets and renewable energy through his time working at the Grattan Institute, Ernst & Young’s project finance advisory division, the Clean Energy Council and the Australian Government’s Greenhouse Office (which then became the Department of Climate Change).
Putting hydropower and renewables in contextCPWF Mekong
This document summarizes a project assessing the potential role of renewables in power supply in the Mekong region. It finds that renewables have significant technical potential, including over 90 GW from solar, wind, geothermal, small hydro and biomass. However, renewables face barriers to wider deployment. Hydropower currently plays a major role in centralized grid systems, while renewables are smaller-scale and connected to distribution networks. High renewable penetration will require technologies like gas or hydropower that can respond quickly to output variations. While not direct substitutes, hydropower and renewables could complement each other, with hydropower helping to integrate variable renewables. Realizing their synergies would require changes to institutional
This document discusses PG&E's efforts to integrate distributed energy resources like solar PV through advanced distribution planning. It notes that PG&E serves a large, diverse service area with over 2,500 MW of distributed generation already interconnected. PG&E is investing in enhanced planning tools like automated DG screening, online maps, and power flow modeling to help forecast DER growth and evaluate locational benefits. Granular modeling of distribution circuits and hourly load profiles are seen as critical to understanding impacts of two-way power flows and facilitating increased DER integration. Data sharing is also highlighted as important for integrated planning efforts going forward.
This document summarizes a study conducted by Black & Veatch for SMUD to assess the impacts of distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar PV, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, and demand response on SMUD's distribution system. The study used several modeling techniques including dispersion analysis, power flow modeling, and regression analysis. Key findings included that over 12,000 transformers may need to be upgraded due to electric vehicles, and 26% of substations showed voltage violations from solar PV. The study recommends establishing consistent DER adoption and transformer upgrade thresholds, extending the analysis to the full transmission and distribution system, and incorporating results into SMUD's grid modernization plan.
Presentation from 2018 Africa Energy Forum on the applications of flow batteries in Africa. The document focuses on vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) technology and looks at the true hybrid solar + storage micro-grid and utility use cases in particular.
The document discusses various challenges and opportunities in India's electricity transmission sector. It notes challenges in transmission planning due to uncertainties in generation sources and scheduling. Construction faces issues with land acquisition, statutory clearances, and skilled labor shortages. Implementation is challenged by tight commissioning timelines. Grid security and reliability pose ongoing issues around adherence to standards, congestion management, and protection systems. A transition to a market-based system through measures like general network access could help address some issues by providing generators flexibility while empowering states in transmission development.
Flinders Island Isolated Power System (IPS) Connect 2016 MASDARjames hamilton
Masdar is Abu Dhabi's renewable energy company that works to advance clean energy technologies and solutions, serving as a link between today's fossil fuel economy and the future energy economy. It is a commercially-driven company wholly owned by Mubadala Development Company. Masdar aims to diversify revenue sources beyond oil and ensure a stable life for UAE people.
5.6 off main-grid systems for access to electricityLeNS_slide
This document discusses off-main-grid systems for electricity access. It defines off-main-grid systems as decentralized or distributed systems that are not connected to the main electricity grid. The document outlines appropriate technologies for off-main-grid systems and compares centralized versus off-main-grid electrification approaches. It also describes different generation technologies that can be used in off-main-grid systems, including conventional diesel, non-conventional renewable energy technologies, and hybrid systems.
This document provides an overview of electricity storage technologies, applications, and prospects. It discusses how electricity storage can help integrate renewable energy and support the electric grid. A variety of technologies are described from mature options like pumped hydro to emerging batteries. Near-term battery storage is seen as providing opportunities across the grid while challenges remain for utilities and developers. Rapid growth in electricity storage deployment is forecast this decade across utility, commercial and residential applications.
KIREIP, has one main goal – increase renewable energy generation and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Ideally, renewables will provide over 65% of the annual energy demand and when conditions allow 100% renewable energy use. To achieve this, the project brought together a portfolio of new and existing technologies. Simon presents a possible future for renewable energy – a way renewable energy can work with enabling and storage technologies in a hybrid off-grid power system.
Simon Gamble, Manager for Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions at Hyrdo Tasmania, presented at our seminar entitled 'Securing Australia's Energy Future: The Challenge' on Friday 15 August 2014 in Melbourne.
Held as part of our Sustainability Leadership Series, the seminar brought together experts and practitioners from across government, business, academia and civil society, to discuss Australia’s transition to a secure, cleaner and cost-competitive energy future.
For more information about this seminar and the UNAA Sustainability Leadership Series please visit www.unaavictoria.org.au/education-advocacy/masterclasses/
This document summarizes the potential for pairing wind power with energy storage systems. It finds that while pilot projects have demonstrated the concept, true scale has not yet been achieved due to lack of clear business models. Opportunities for cost savings from co-locating storage with wind farms are limited. Arbitrage revenues vary by region but are generally too low as a standalone business case. Firming variable wind power through storage could provide more reliable wind power but significant variability remains a challenge.
Rick rocheleau-hawaii-clean-energy-initiativejames hamilton
Hawaii has an ambitious goal of reaching 100% renewable energy by 2045 to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The Hawaii Natural Energy Institute is demonstrating battery storage projects to help integrate higher levels of renewable energy like solar and wind onto the state's island grids. A 1 MW lithium-ion battery on Hawaii Island has helped reduce grid frequency variability from a nearby 10 MW wind farm and provided over 3.3 GWh of storage capacity after over 5 years of operation.
This presentation discusses low load diesel operations in remote area power systems. It introduces the concept of low load diesel, explains the technologies involved, and discusses perceptions and opportunities based on an industry survey. A proposed pilot project is described to install a modern diesel generator and share operational data to validate the capabilities and benefits of low load diesel and develop a roadmap for the technology.
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage & Grid Integration Workshop: Optimized Integration of PV with Battery Storage: A Real World Success Story, presented by Jon Hawkins, PNM
Explains roles of battery storage on the grid. Concepts like Peak shaving, frequency regulation, renewables time-shift, chp integration, etc. have been briefly touched upon. Energy Storage Technologies overview is covered as well.
Presented at the Western Power Summit on November 6, 2014 during a panel discussion on "California’s Energy Storage Directive and Implications for the West".
Peer review Brian Valentine - Energy Storage.pptxNitinPhadkule2
This document summarizes the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Manufacturing Office's (AMO) activities related to energy storage. It discusses AMO's role in the DOE's Advanced Energy Storage Initiative to support R&D, manufacturing, and workforce development. It also outlines AMO's focus on developing next-generation materials and manufacturing processes for batteries, thermal energy storage, and enabling grid-connected manufacturing facilities through medium-voltage power electronics. The document provides an overview of AMO's current projects and collaborations in these areas.
1115161Wind Power Now, Tomorrow C.P. (Case) .docxpaynetawnya
11/15/16
1
Wind Power:
Now, Tomorrow
C.P. (Case) van Dam
EME-1
Mechanical Engineering
November 14, 2016
How does it function?
11/15/16
2
Wind Turbine Power
• The amount of power generated by a turbine depends on the power in
the wind and the efficiency of the turbine:
• Power in wind
• Efficiency or Power Coefficient, Cp:
– Rotor (Conversion of wind power to mechanical power)
– Gearbox (Change in rpm)
– Generator & Inverter (Conversion of mechanical power to electrical power)
Power
Turbine
!
"#
$
%&
=
Efficiency
Factor
!
"#
$
%&
×
Power
Wind
!
"#
$
%&
P
w
= 1
2
ρA
d
V
w
3
Basic Rotor Performance
(Momentum Theory)
Wind speed, Vw
Air density, ρ
Disk area, Ad
Power in wind, Pw = 1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad
Maximum rotor power, P = 16/27 Pw
Rotor efficiency, Cp = P / Pw
Betz limit, max Cp = 16/27 = 59.3%
11/15/16
3
Region 4
• Region 1
Turbine is stopped or
starting up
• Region 2
Efficiency maximized
by maintaining
optimum rotor RPM
(for variable speed
turbine)
• Region 3
Power limited through
blade pitch
• Region 4
Turbine is stopped
due to high winds
(loads)
HAWT Power Characteristics
Johnson et al (2005)
• Peak Cp at TSR = 9
• This Cp is maintained in Region II of power curve by controlling rotor RPM
• In Region III power is controlled by changing blade pitch.
HAWT Cp-TSR Curve
Jackson (2005)
11/15/16
4
• Cp = Protor / (1/2 ρ Vw3 Ad)
• Solidity = Blade Area / Ad
• TSR = Tip Speed / Vw
• High power efficiency for
rotors with low solidity and
high TSR
• Darrieus (VAWT) is less
efficient than HAWT
Efficiency of Various Rotor
Designs
Butterfield (2008)
Cp
Tip Speed Ratio TSR = π D RPM / (60 Vw)
kidwind.org
C.P. van Dam
Dutch Mill
16th century
Water pumping, Grinding materials/grain
W. Gretz, DOE/NREL
Persian grain mill
9th century
American Multi-blade
19th century
Water pumping - irrigation
Brush Mill
1888
First wind turbine
12 kW
17 m rotor diameter
Charles F. Brush Special Collection,
Case Western Reserve University
telos.net/wind
Gedser Mill
1956, Denmark
Forerunner to modern wind
turbines
11/15/16
5
Evolution of U.S. Utility-Scale
Wind Turbine Technology
NREL
Wind Turbine Scale-Up and Impact on Cost
U.S. DOE, Wind Vision, March 2015
• Scale-up has been effective in reducing cost but uncertain if this trend can continue
11/15/16
6
Modern Wind
Turbines
• 1.0-3.0 MW
• Wind speeds: 3-25 m/s
– Rated power at 11-12 m/s
• Rotor
– Lift driven
– 3 blades
– Upwind
– Full blade pitch
– 70–120 m diameter
– 5-20 RPM
– Fiberglass, some carbon fiber
• Active yaw
• Steel tubular tower
• Installed in plants/farms of 100-200 MW
• ~40% capacity factor
– 1.5 MW wind turbine would generate
about 5,250,000 kWh per year
– Average household in California uses
about 6,000 kWh per year
Vestas
V90-3.0
MW
11/15/16
7
Technical Specificat ...
The merits of integrating renewables with smarter grid carimetRick Case, PMP, P.E.
A critical look at the response a grid will need with increasing penetration levels of Variable Renewable Resouces (VRRs) on a grid and the SMART solutions required to maintain grid stability.
The document provides an overview of solar PV potential in Pakistan. It discusses global solar PV deployment trends, with China, the US, India, Germany and Japan leading in total installed capacity. It then examines Pakistan's strong solar resource assessment and relatively low installed solar capacity to date. Key policies and pricing structures for solar PV are reviewed for leading countries like Australia, the US and India. Challenges for expanding solar PV in Pakistan are also addressed.
Powering Onshore Oil & Gas Facilities 2016marketinglbcg
The only E&P-led congress with the sole mission of meeting the rising onsite power demands, stricter emission regulations and increasing need for power in remote locations through a comprehensive comparison of the reliability, economic models and uptime performance of utility and non-utility power solutions. The expert panel of speakers includes power experts from SandRidge Energy, Chevron, Noble Energy, Chesapeake Energy, ConocoPhillips plus many more.
Energy Storage Opportunities and Challenges ECOFYS Andrew Gelston
Energy storage provides multiple benefits to power systems but faces valuation challenges due to its ability to act as both generation and load. A wide range of energy storage technologies exist at various stages of development, from mature pumped hydro to promising new battery chemistries. As variable renewable energy increases, so does the need for energy storage to provide balancing services. However, energy storage development has lagged renewable growth. Accurately valuing energy storage benefits and implementing supportive policies can help address this gap.
Sustainable Architecture For Power GenerationPrabhat Kaushik
The scenario of Power is getting worst day by day . Thus we need some factors of improvisation and changes to made in our existing technologies for sustainability. This presentation focuses on the sectors of current power generation along with the new sources and effective technologies to be implemented.
The document discusses low load operation of diesel generators for renewable energy integration on islands. It provides examples of several Australian island power systems that have achieved high renewable penetration, such as King Island which can operate 65-75% renewable annually. Variable speed diesel and low load diesel concepts are presented as solutions to improve efficiency and allow greater integration of solar and wind power at low costs. Technologies demonstrated in pilots on King Island and Hobart include variable speed diesel generators and battery energy storage systems.
The document summarizes the formation and activities of the Sustainable Energy Industry Association of Pacific Islands (SEIAPI). It discusses that SEIAPI was formed in 2010 with funding from REEEP and SPREP to create an industry association and introduce technician certification. An executive committee was formed with members from various Pacific Island countries. SEIAPI's mission is to enable sustainable energy growth in the Pacific Islands. It has 71 members, and has developed guidelines, provided training to 54 people, and certified 10 people and 2 companies.
Deva presents the IFC’s role in working with private enterprises in more than 100 countries, using capital, expertise, and influence to help eliminate extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. In FY14, IFC provided more than $22 billion in financing in developing countries.
Nikolasi shares Tonga Power’s progress in “Reducing Tonga’s vulnerability to oil price shocks, and achieve an increase in quality access to modern energy services in an environmentally sustainable manner”. The Tonga power network, consists of the Tongatapu, Vava’u, Ha’apai and Eua islands, is presented as a case study, with the 10 year roadmap referenced in regard to the further integration of renewable technologies.
The Pacific Power Association represents 25 electric utilities and 95 private organizations in the Pacific region. It aims to improve power quality through cooperation between utilities, private sector, and donors. The presentation discusses the challenges Pacific Island countries and utilities face in meeting renewable energy targets, including lack of policy support, expertise, and aged infrastructure. Utilities are working to issue renewable energy project requests, build capacity, and partner with donors on grid upgrades. Long term, utilities acknowledge the need to adapt operations to increasing renewable integration.
The document discusses the Isolated Power System Connect 2015 event. It focuses on strengthening energy planning, enabling policy frameworks, improving utility performance, increasing access to affordable and reliable electricity, and facilitating least-cost power infrastructure projects. The Pacific Energy Program is active in 9 countries with 13 projects, including 11 investment projects and 2 advisory projects, with funding of USD71.5 million in 2015. The event aims to discuss strengthening energy planning and enabling regulatory frameworks to improve utility sustainability and increase access to electricity.
Marc provides a North American perspective on hybrid energy systems, using the Nome Joint Utilities Systems of Nome, Alaska, as a case study. Marc introduces the ACEP facilities and discusses a collaborative approach, as demonstrated by the successful R&D and testing campaign integrating an energy storage flywheel with a power conversion and control system (Hatch Engineering, Williams Hybrid Power and ABB)
Geoff presents a comprehensive Pacific overview, selecting Niue as a PV integration case study. Geoff reminds the audience how often RE integration programs neglect the critical step of training and handover, with these processes critical to up skilling the region towards a sustainable engineering capability.
Sohail presents on a number of innovative ADB initiatives including energy efficiency (CFL substitution) and energy substitution initiatives (electric tricycles). Sohail reminds us all that disruption is coming to the energy sector, as it has across so many industries, with looming storage technology evolution.
Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six atolls, with a population of approximately 10,000 people. The electricity sector in Tuvalu is currently undergoing significant transformation, from diesel to innovative renewable hybrid systems. Tuvalu with a number of the islands now sourcing over 90% of their annual electricity needs from solar. Simon presents Funafuti as a case study, with the talk demonstrating a “diesel-off” (inverter formed grid) approach , allowing operators to save on diesel and maintenance costs of the generators.
There remain significant commercial and technical challenges with integrating renewables into isolated power systems, however, technological advances in renewable generation and storage present an opportunity for utilities to diversify their asset portfolio and reduce risk. Examining the commercial and technical challenges from a utility perspective, Chris details Ergon Energy’s experience in the integration of renewable generation in the remote communities in Queensland
Since early 2003, two 300 kilowatt wind turbines have supplied renewable energy to augment the diesel power generation system at Australia’s Mawson station in Antarctica. Levels of annual average renewable energy penetration are typically between 35% and 40%. In 2014, a record maximum annual average renewable energy penetration of 51% was achieved. This presentaiton examines the techniques used to bring about this increase with reference to the authors practical operational experience including the challenges and highlights of wind turbine maintenance, wind-diesel optimisation and low-load diesel operation
Market transformation in the energy sector. The implications of battery storage and reducing renewable energy costs to the Australian environment. Presents projections from NREL, DoE, CSIRO, GDF Suez, IRENA and others
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Ips connect 2015 richard rocheleau
1. Hawaiian Islands Energy Systems
Transitioning to Renewable Energy
Isolated Power Systems, Connect 2015
Richard Rocheleau
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
18 November, 2015
3. Hawaii Today
Primary energy: 90% fossil fuel, most of it crude oil refined
Electricity: 80% fossil fuel, most of it refined crude oil
ELECTRICITY 32%
JET FUEL 34%
GASOLINE/ 27%
MARINE FUEL
OTHER 7%
3
4. Crude Oil Supplies to Hawaii
100% of the
crude oil for
the State is
imported
Hawaii Department of
Business, Economic
Development &
Tourism
4
Approximately 75% of oil from foreign countries
Energy Insecurity
5. Oil Drives Electricity Costs and Volatility
Source: Hawaiian Electric Company
Hawaii ranks #1 in U.S.
electric energy costs:
46.4 cents/kWh Molokai
46.3 cents/kWh Lanai
42.2 cents/kWh Hawaii
37.8 cents/kWh Maui
34.6 cents/kWh Oahu
(Avg. residential rates for 2013)
11 - 12 cents/kWh U.S. avg.
High Cost of Service
5
Fuel costs make up more than 70 percent of
the typical bill
6. A Paradigm Shift Is Required
Energy insecurity > Energy security
Economic drain > Economic engine
Price volatility > Price stability
Environmental harm > Environmental
compatibility
6
How do we change our energy system at reasonable cost
without reducing reliability and stability of the system?
8. Hawaii has Aggressive Clean Energy Goals
• Highest RPS target in the
United States (45% by 2030)
• State and federal tax incentives
• Net metering
• Feed in tariffs
Strong Policies
8
Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI)
The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched HCEI in January
2008 to transform Hawaii to a 70% clean energy economy by 2030:
• Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security
• Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation
• Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future
• Becoming a clean energy model for the U.S. and the world
2008
2009
- 2015 Policy Evolution Reflecting
Market Realities
• New RPS targets – 100% by 2045
• Changes to net metering
• Community solar
• Changes to tax incentives
9. Isolated Grids Complicates Renewable Integration
1300MW
80MW
5MW
270MW
197MW
• Resources not aligned with
population
• Wind and solar dominating
development (nameplate capacity)
5MW
• Grid capacity from 5 to 1300MW
• Over 70% of electricity use is on
Oahu
Issues
• System: Reserves, curtailment, reliability, stability
• Distribution: Power quality, voltage transients
• Cost: Increased system complexity and operations
System and distributed resources have to work together
4
10. Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)
• Organized Research Unit in School of Ocean and Earth Science
and Technology, largest graduate education and research
organization at University of Hawaii
• 2007 - Established in statute to work with state government
organizations to reduce dependence of fossil fuels
• Diverse staff (90)- engineers, scientists, lawyers, postdocs,
students
• Primary funding from
• Dept of Defense
• US Dept of Energy
• State of Hawaii
11. Grid Systems Technologies Advanced Research
Team
11
• Interdisciplinary team of faculty, professionals, post-doctoral fellows and
students at HNEI (includes over 100 years cumulative utility and regulatory
experience)
• Serves to integrate HNEI efforts across other technology areas: biomass and
biofuels, fuel cells and hydrogen, energy efficiency, renewable power
generation
• Expertise includes grid modeling and analysis; smart grid and micro-grid
R&D; application of grid storage; power system planning and operations;
energy policy
• Strong partnerships with Hawaii, national and international organizations
(especially Asia-Pacific)
Established team to develop, test and evaluate advanced grid architectures,
enabling policies, and new technologies and methods for effective integration
of renewable energy resources and power system optimization
12. HAWAII ISLAND INTEGRATION STUDIES
System and distribution level analysis
supporting decision making and project
development
SMART AND MICRO-
GRID DEMONSTRATIONS
• Maui Smart Grid Project
• Japan-US Smart Grid
Demonstration Project
• Smart Grid Inverter Project
• Coconut Island microgrid
• Molokai microgrid
opportunity
TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION
• Grid-scale storage
• Photovoltaics
• Small wind systems
• Advanced grid controls
• Ocean energy systems
• Demand response technology
• Energy efficiency
Inform Policy
Work-force Training
Regulatory Infrastructure
Integration
12
13. PEAKING
•Most expensive units
•Quick response to generation
shortfall
PEAKING
•Most expensive units
•Quick response to generation
shortfall
CYCLING
•Cycled on and off as necessary
•Must be committed in advance
CYCLING
•Cycled on and off as necessary
•Must be committed in advance
BASELOAD
•Usually the most economic
•Fixed operating schedules
BASELOAD
•Usually the most economic
•Fixed operating schedules
Island Grid Operation?
Thermal unit characterization
A WEEK OF TYPICAL OPERATION
MW
BASELOAD
CYCLING
PEAKING
PV WIND
13
14. Low renewable penetration
High renewable penetration
MW
MW
Curtailment when
thermal units cannot
meet reserve
requirements
A WEEK OF OPERATION
System Dispatch with Renewables
Increased cycling of
thermal units to
accommodate
intermittency
Generation-load balance
essential for frequency
control
14
15. 24 Hour Load Profile with High Renewable
Penetration (example)
210 MW
ramp in 3-
hours
440 MW
ramp in 3-
hours290 MW
ramp in 3-
hours
Leads to
curtailment
Potential Issues: Curtailment, mid-day transients (stability),
reliability of evening capacity, ramp rates
Potential Issues: Curtailment, mid-day transients (stability),
reliability of evening capacity, ramp rates
15
16. • Postulate new energy systems and analyze impact on production cost,
curtailment, stability, and reliability
• Different resource mixes (wind, central and distr PV, other)
• Alternative fuels (LNG, hydrogen, biofuels)
• Changes due to load and load-profiles (end-use efficiency, alt transportation)
• Grid configuration (independent or connected)
• Identify and analyze mitigation methods
• Advanced controls, unit cycling, reduced minimum run, improved forecasting
• Energy storage, smart grids, advanced inverter technology, microgrids,
demand response, integration with transportation
Approach to Power System Planning
Production Cost
Modeling
Power Flow
Analysis
Mitigations
Mitigating technologies help integrate renewable energy but may
not reduce overall load. Their cost and value depends on the
details of grid operation
16
17. Models for Multiple Purposes and Timescales
Production Cost
Modeling
Cost / Benefit
Analysis
Power Flow
Analysis
Mitigations
• Production Cost Modeling
• Hour-by-hour economic dispatch of all generation
• Follow grid operating rules and PPA agreements
• System Reliability model
• Adequacy of generators to meet load (most challenging at evening peak)
• Power Flow Analysis (dynamic simulation)
• Stability of grid during contingency and large ramp events (voltage and
frequency)
• Analysis of Cost and Long-term Impact on State
• Transparent analysis of cost to add renewables and upgrade grids
17
18. Good Data is Critical
• Operating characteristics of utility generators including purchased power (heat
rates, ramping capability, minimum run constraints, controls, outage rates, etc.)
• Characteristics of transmission and distribution networks
• Utility operating rules (must run, cycling, loading order, reserve requirements, etc.)
• Forecasts (load, load shape, fuel price, etc.)
Utility data updated regularly to assure accuracy of grid model
• Wind maps validated against meteorological tower data and wind farm operations
• Hourly and sub-hourly solar data sets developed using mesoscale atmospheric
models calibrated with sensors spread over Maui and Oahu
• UH Atmospheric Sciences Dept developing multiyear assessments to evaluate
yearly resource variability
Renewable Resources – spatial and temporal models of wind and solar
NDA’s signed where necessary to obtain data while assuring that
reporting of results is not constrained
18
19. Grid Changes Enable Renewable
Integration
1
9
Increased renewable integration will require grid investment
and unit modifications
Increased renewable integration will require grid investment
and unit modifications
Oahu Only Growth
Gen-Tie Only
Maui Grid-Tie Only
Gen-Tie and Maui Grid-Tie
Source: Hawaii RPS Study
Enablers
• Flexible thermal fleet
–Faster quick starts
–Deeper turn-down
–Faster ramps
• Wind forecasting
• More spatial diversity of
wind/solar
• Grid-friendly wind and solar
• Demand response ancillary
services
• Energy storage and electric
vehicles
20. The Economics of Renewable Integration
Analysis of Production Cost Savings
2
0
Production
Cost
PPA
Cost
Annual
Savings
Baseline with
Renewables
New Thermal Units/
Energy Efficiency/
Demand Response
Savings from wind and solar may be partially or wholly offset by
necessary grid upgrades
Savings from wind and solar may be partially or wholly offset by
necessary grid upgrades
21. Initial Study of Higher Penetration
• 2016 Baseline (125 MW wind, 150 MW central solar, 400 MW
distributed solar)
• Evaluate baseline plus three scenarios providing ~ 50% total
available energy (Oahu) from wind and solar
• High solar: 1394 MW additional solar
• High wind: 902 MW additional wind
• Mixed: 722 MW additional solar, 435 MW additional wind
• Use curtailment to examine mitigation needs
21
Estimate impact of very high penetrations of wind and solar
including curtailment (Oahu only)
22. Wind and Solar Resources
High day-to-day variation
Poweroutput
WindSolar
Sorted day in the year 22
Day in the year
Sorted day in the year
Day in the year
Poweroutput
23. Base: 0 GWh High solar: 1061 GWh
Mixed: 487 GWh High wind: 519 GWh
Total annual curtailment:
Sorted day in the year
Curtailment/GWh/day
Base Solar Wind Mixed
30
15
0
%Curtailed
23
Curtailment
Based on modified grid, 50% W&S availability on Oahu
Day to day curtailment
varies widely
Solar – larger (2x wind) but more uniform day to day
24. • Solar: Large mid-day peak, none beyond midday
• Wind: Curtailment can occur at all hours
• Mixed: Reduced daytime peak, nighttime curtailment
avoided
Curtailment by Hour of Day (ave)
24Hour in the day
Curtailment/GWh
Average Hourly Curtailment
25. 25
Technology
• Battery Energy Storage – Evaluation of grid scale BESS for grid ancillary services
(ONR, USDOE); lab testing to validate lifetime expectations
• Smart Grid Inverter Project – Development and testing of advanced inverter
functionality and communications in a smart grid to manage power and power
quality at high PV penetration (ONR, USDOE, SOH)
Microgrid Demonstrations
• Molokai Renewable Microgrid – Integration of grid scale battery and distributed
generation controls to allow very high penetration of intermittent distributed
resources (ONR, MECO)
• Coconut Island Renewable Microgid – Small renewable microgrid for testing of
emerging technologies and advanced controls, in collaboration with NRL (ONR)
Smart Grid Demonstration
• Maui Smart Grid Project – Demonstration of integrated control of distributed
resources and energy storage for peak demand reduction (USDOE, ONR)
Technology Development and Demonstration
26. photos courtesy of Altairnano
Grid Scale BESS Projects (HNEI)
Haw‟i 10 MW Wind farm at Upolu Point Hawaii Island
(1MW)
• Frequency regulation and wind smoothing
Molokai Secure Renewable Microgrid (2MW)
• Operating reserves, (fault management), frequency
regulation, power smoothing, and peak shifting
Cambell Park industrial feeder with high penetration
(1MW)
• Power smoothing, voltage and VAr support, and
frequency regulation
2
• Assess performance and lifetime of the BESS
• Conduct experiments to optimize algorithms for high value grid
applications
HNEI is testing cells in the laboratory to determine
expected lifetime under real world conditions
27. Hawaii Island BESS
• Fast response 1MW, 250kW-hr,
nanostructured lithium-titanate BESS on a
150MW grid
• To date, over 3,000 MWh passed through
BESS – equivalent to 6000 full charge-
discharge cycles
• No significant degradation to date
7
Reduces frequency variability by up to 40% Wind smoothing helps meet PPA
requirements
Results have helped convince reluctant utility of value
28. 28
OBJECTIVES
Develop and deploy advanced Smart Grid Inverters
Utilize Inverter Management Control Software (IMCS)
Utilize standards-based controls and communications
Employ detailed distribution modeling and high-resolution
field data to develop advanced inverter settings
Research Project lead
• Project oversight, management and direction
• Smart Inverter application design; performance and data analytics
Inverter technology leads
• Leads for communications integration into inverter
• Develop control functionality in inverter; implement control programs sent from IMCS
Communications Technology Lead
• Mesh Communication System; IMCS
• Customer Engagement via PV Customer Portal
Co-Services lead
• Sales, marketing, installation, project management, customer service
Host utility in Washington DC
• Inverter operations for field pilot; performance evaluation
Host utility in Hawaii
• Inverter operations for field pilot; performance evaluation
Inverter Testing Facility
• Site of functional requirements and inverter testing
Co-Services lead
• Sales, marketing, installation, project management, customer service
29. Distribution Circuit PV Penetration
Grid Saturation?
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Utility
Circuits >100% Daytime
Minimum Load
Total Circuits % of Total
HECO 127 465 27%
HELCO 28 136 21%
MECO 25 136 18%
KIUC 0 35 -
Total 180 772 23%
Circuits where generation from
distributed solar is at or above
100% of daytime minimum load
Hawaiian Electric recently announced a 250% distribution
circuit penetration target for distributed solar
(Jan. 20, 2015; Docket No. 2014-0192)
30. Test Remotely Controllable Functionality
Voltage support functionality
• Leveraging inverter settings and setting response curves that make the smart inverter
a voltage support device (via Volt-VAR or Volt-Watt manipulation)
Power curtailment
• Reducing power output of inverters (to different levels) via a command sent by the
utility
Frequency support functionality
• Leveraging inverter settings and setting response curves that make the smart inverter
a frequency support device (via Frequency-Watt manipulation) .
Remotely set trip limits (and „ride through‟ testing)
• Setting frequency and voltage trip limits remotely and / or testing of inverters to remain
online (‘ride through’) at various levels of off-frequency or off-voltage operation
• Note: While this functionality is factory settable in some inverters, it is not generally
available as a remotely settable parameter. Concern raised that it may cause an
inverter to be IEEE-1547 non-compliant and impact the UL listing status.
Coordinated and remote “clustered control” of multiple inverters
32. HNEI Microgrid and Remote Island Grid Projects
Coconut Island is an opportunity
to test advanced technologies
and microgrid control strategies
for high reliability loads in a
challenging marine environment
UH Mānoa campus is
an opportunity to
evaluate advanced
systems for energy
management,
efficiency and control
of distributed energy
resources aimed at
energy cost reduction
Moku o Lo’e Microgrid
(Coconut Island)
University of Hawaii –
Mānoa Campus Microgrid
MOLOKAI
~ 2.5 MW of Distributed
Rooftop PV
Molokai is an
opportunity to
address very high
levels of distributed
PV while
maintaining grid
reliability and
resiliency
32
500 kW Grid
5 MW Grid25 MW Grid
Molokai Island Grid
33. Moku o Lo’e DC Microgrid
(Coconut Island)
Test advanced clean energy technologies and integrated control strategies such as:
Coconut Island offers a unique opportunity
for technology and material testing:
• Scale: ~0.5 MW grid connected microgrid
• UH owned/controlled island facility
• High penetration of distributed renewable
energy resources (particularly rooftop PV)
• Marine research laboratory with critical loads
and high energy reliability needs
• Persistent coastal winds result in a highly
corrosive marine environment yielding a
micro-climate representative of harsh island
conditions
• DC distribution, motors, & lighting
• Photovoltaic systems
• Small-scale wind turbines
• Energy storage systems
• Fuel cells
• Alternative fuel vehicles (EV car/boat)
• Building controls & energy efficiency
• Load management
• Advanced communications and
microgrid control
• And more ….
33
34. Background
• University of Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology utilizes the
island to conduct marine research with life support equipment
for the marine organisms under study and other critical energy
needs
• Service interruptions result in significant efforts to get systems
running again and poses risks to active research
• Coconut Island’s peak system demand is approximately 500
kW
• Current system includes 200 kW of PV installed on rooftops at
present (per PPA with Solar City) and two diesel generators
(200 kW and 240 kW) on island for emergency back-up power
to select load centers
5
35. Project Objectives
• Reduce electricity costs
• Understand and address power quality issues
• Implementation of renewable energy technologies
• Provide reliable service to select critical loads in the event
of loss of grid power while minimizing diesel fuel use
• Demonstrate the use and value of DC distribution systems
• Demonstrate the use and value of a microgrid control
system
• Fuel cell test – PV, water source (fresh / salt), O2 usage
• Assess salt laden coastal environment impacts on
microgrid equipment
6
38. Molokai Sustainable Development Demonstration
5MW
System-wide battery storage system for reliability
Grid stabilization for high penetration distributed PV
Managing system frequency and voltage
PV and battery system for critical load site
Water pumping station
‒ Secure water supply in event of power outage
Molokai High School
‒ On-site generation to support disaster shelter
(disaster preparedness)
Microgrid system for small and remote locations
Support self-sufficiency utilizing microgrid controller
Optimizing grid operation with diverse and distributed
energy resources
38
Objective: Increase use of renewables while reducing
the operating cost of electricity on the island.
39. HNEI is Key Performer for Technology Research and
Evaluation in Support of ONR‟s APTEP
39
Asia Pacific Technology and Education Partnership (APTEP)
promotes commerce and partnerships in the Asia-Pacific region
through advancements in alternative energy research, technology
development and education.
• Research and development
• Testing and evaluation of
emerging energy technologies
• Integration of renewable energy
systems
• Energy analysis
• Contribute to STEM and
workforce development
40. MAHALO
For more information, contact:
Rick Rocheleau
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
1680 East-West Road, POST 109
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Office: (808) 956-8346
Mobile: (808) 389-9944
E-mail: rochelea@hawaii.edu
Website: www.hnei.hawaii.edu