The CSP technology in a simplified way (e.g. how
it works, system components, options); Selection criteria e.g. location, size,
technology, O&M, contract type (PPA).
Opportunities for Energy Users in Demand Side ResponseEMEX
The National Grid System Operator view of a changing electricity system, and what this means for the role of flexible electricity. In particular, the opportunities this creates for energy managers to earn revenue/save costs from their flexibility.
The lecture will offer an overview of the Power Responsive programme facilitated by National Grid which aims to support growth of participation from energy users, and how they could get involved.
The CSP technology in a simplified way (e.g. how
it works, system components, options); Selection criteria e.g. location, size,
technology, O&M, contract type (PPA).
Opportunities for Energy Users in Demand Side ResponseEMEX
The National Grid System Operator view of a changing electricity system, and what this means for the role of flexible electricity. In particular, the opportunities this creates for energy managers to earn revenue/save costs from their flexibility.
The lecture will offer an overview of the Power Responsive programme facilitated by National Grid which aims to support growth of participation from energy users, and how they could get involved.
Demand Side Management:
Offers cost effective and immediate solution to bridge Demand Supply Gap
Augmenting Tool in Energy Security And Combat Climate Change
Successful implementation of DR program is possible if the users participates into it willingly without compromising with their comfortable life style
DR program does not ensure same amount of benefit for all the participating players i.e, some may be incentivized whwre as some can receive penality.
The employment of DR relies on the reliable,robust and secure communication system.
Choice of efficient energy price structure is the main key factor to attract the users towards DR programs.
EirGrid plc is the independent electricity Transmission System
Operator (TSO) in Ireland and the Market Operator in the
wholesale electricity trading system. EirGrid’s role is to deliver
services to generators, suppliers and customers across the
high voltage electricity system, and to put in place the grid
infrastructure needed to support Ireland’s economy. EirGrid
develops, maintains and operates a safe, secure, reliable,
economical and efficient transmission system.
Electricity is an essential and convenient service
provided to two million electricity consumers, including
domestic customers, small and medium industry, farms and
agribusiness, and large high-technology industrial customers.
This illustrates the vital nature of the service EirGrid provides.
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
Guidelines for Grid-connected Small Scale (Rooftop) Solar PV Systems for Tami...Headway Solar
Official Guidelines for Grid-connected Small Scale (Rooftop) Solar PV Systems for Tamil Nadu.
This document is not a work of Headway Solar (http://headwaysolar.com/) and it has been released here for the benefit of the general public.
Demand Side Management:
Offers cost effective and immediate solution to bridge Demand Supply Gap
Augmenting Tool in Energy Security And Combat Climate Change
Successful implementation of DR program is possible if the users participates into it willingly without compromising with their comfortable life style
DR program does not ensure same amount of benefit for all the participating players i.e, some may be incentivized whwre as some can receive penality.
The employment of DR relies on the reliable,robust and secure communication system.
Choice of efficient energy price structure is the main key factor to attract the users towards DR programs.
EirGrid plc is the independent electricity Transmission System
Operator (TSO) in Ireland and the Market Operator in the
wholesale electricity trading system. EirGrid’s role is to deliver
services to generators, suppliers and customers across the
high voltage electricity system, and to put in place the grid
infrastructure needed to support Ireland’s economy. EirGrid
develops, maintains and operates a safe, secure, reliable,
economical and efficient transmission system.
Electricity is an essential and convenient service
provided to two million electricity consumers, including
domestic customers, small and medium industry, farms and
agribusiness, and large high-technology industrial customers.
This illustrates the vital nature of the service EirGrid provides.
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
Guidelines for Grid-connected Small Scale (Rooftop) Solar PV Systems for Tami...Headway Solar
Official Guidelines for Grid-connected Small Scale (Rooftop) Solar PV Systems for Tamil Nadu.
This document is not a work of Headway Solar (http://headwaysolar.com/) and it has been released here for the benefit of the general public.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart Electrical Grid Concept. It includes a presentation of the electrical distribution system, the Electrical Smart Grid and the implementation of this concept in the SunRise demonstrator “Smart and Sustainable City - Lille1 Campus – France”
The merits of integrating renewables with smarter grid carimetRick Case, PMP, P.E.
A critical look at the response a grid will need with increasing penetration levels of Variable Renewable Resouces (VRRs) on a grid and the SMART solutions required to maintain grid stability.
The merits of integrating renewables with smarter grid carilecRick Case, PMP, P.E.
This presentation was given at the recent Carilec Renewable Energy (RE) Conference held in the beautiful country of St. Kitts under the theme "RE Ready, Are we REady? We looked at the Jamaican Context and experience with integration RE following the aggressive approach from the government to lower energy prices and diversify our energy supply mix.
We examined various SMART Grid solutions to the problems experienced by JPS and in general how Electric Grids can cope with high penetration of RE.
OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION FOR LOSS REDUCTION IN DISTRIBUTIO...ijiert bestjournal
Due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent times,the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapid ly increased. Distributed generations (DGs) play an important role in distribution networks. Am ong many of their merits,loss reduction and voltage profile improvement can be the salient spec ifications of Distributed generations (DG). Non-optimal locations and non-optimal sizes of Dist ributed generations (DG) units may lead to increase losses,together with bad effect on voltag e profile. Proper location of Distributed generations (DGs) in power systems is important for obtaining their maximum potential benefits. Distributed generation (DG) units reduce electric p ower losses and hence improve reliability and voltage profile. Determination of appropriate size and location of Distributed generation (DG) is important to maximize overall system efficiency. In this project,Newton raphson method optimization technique has been presented to determ ine the appropriate size and proper allocation of Distributed generation (DG) in a dist ribution network.So,this project focus towards,at determining optimal DG allocation and s izing as well as analyzing the impact of Distributed generation (DG) in an electric power sy stem in terms of voltage profile improvement and line loss reduction
A Praposal For Installation of 10 mw solar thermal power plant.Saurabh Biswas
A Business Praposal for goverment to install a 10 mw solar thermal power plant in dehradun ( hilly area) , our company PLUGS allow u to generate the power in a low budget...
Sustainable Architecture For Power GenerationPrabhat Kaushik
The scenario of Power is getting worst day by day . Thus we need some factors of improvisation and changes to made in our existing technologies for sustainability. This presentation focuses on the sectors of current power generation along with the new sources and effective technologies to be implemented.
An overview of Demand Side Management with a concept of demand and supply in Power Distribution with Demand Response and Energy Efficiency in adherence to Indian Installation Capacity
Francisco uses successful integration experiences in islands to demonstrate that the challenges of high RE penetration can be overcome. Reliable and efficient supply of electricity is possible, if a consistent planning process, considering the particularities of each island, takes place. This presentation shows how IRENA have used grid integration studies to support, at a global level, the planning of the technical aspects related to the operation of the power grids in Small Island Developing States.
General incentives:
Import tax exemption for goods which can not be produced inland
Corporate tax exemption as highest priority.
Obligation to purchase electricity: EVN must purchase all electricity generated from renewable energy sources in 20 years
Land use fee exemption for renewable energy projects
Free Environmental protection fee
Specific policy:
Decision No.18/2008/QD-BCT dated 18/7/2008 on avoided cost tariffs for small hydro projects (for Small Hydro power plants)
Decision No. 37/2011/QD-TTg dated 29/6/2011 on support mechanism for wind power projects
Circular No.32/2012/TT-BCT dated 12/11/2012 on development wind power projects and power purchase agreement for wind power projects
Implementing:
Incentive mechanisms for solar energy are developed by support from Gov. of Spain
Incentive machanisms for biogas/wastes/biomass was developing by support from GIZ.
Presentation on management strategy for solar photovoltaic cellshujathshu
History of Solar Cells,Classification of Solar cells,Effect Of Temperature On Efficiency of solar cell,North South Railway Project(KSA),Electrical Connections for Signaling in Railway system,Solar Powered Hybrid Cooling System for Telecommunication
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. Introduction
• Renewable energy is regarded as the source of
energy for future.
• Low environmental impact and the low
gestation period have prompted most of the
governments to enact legislations to promote
the use of renewable sources for production
of electricity
3. Indian Scenario
• India has total estimated renewable energy
potential of about 2,45,880 MW
– Wind-100GW
– Small Hydro–20GW
– Biomass/ Bioenergy-25GW
– Solar -100GW
4. Indications
• Wind, Small hydels, Bioenergy
– Matured – Commercially viable
• Solar
– Gujarat state solar policy (2009), National Solar
Mission (2010)
– Growth rate – 85% for last 4 years
– Distributed Solar
• Grid parity for high ended domestic consumers,
commercial consumers and industrial consumers
5. Global trends – Solar PV
• 16% of global electricity consumption (2013)
• 160 TWh/yr of clean electricity and thus
avoiding about 140 million tonnes of CO2 per
year (2013)
• Growth rate – 49% (100MW/day)
• Forecast - 4 GtCO2/yr of emissions, or 19% of
the total power sector emission reductions by
2050 by Solar PV
6. Solar capability
• The annual yield solar energy - 885 MTWh –
almost 6000 times the commercial primary
energy requirement
• solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface is
about 1 kW/m2 in clear conditions when the
sun is near the zenith
• Annual mean daily global solar radiation in
India - 4.5-6.5 kWh/m2/day
7. Performance Ratio
• Factors affecting efficiency loss
– actual module temperature
– module mismatch
– varying irradiance conditions
– Dirt
– line resistance
– conversion losses in the inverter
• Achievable PR – 80-90%
8. Issues
• Whether the distribution grid is capable of absorbing the
variability of PV generation
• Whether the transmission system reliability is likely to be
affected in the event of simultaneous injection
• Whether the current regulations and technical standards
are sufficient to address the emerging scenario
• What are the safe limits of PV penetration and when that
capacity is reached how to tackle the issue of existing
inefficient system not permitting an efficient system
especially when the assets are owned by private parties
• What are the potential solutions for integrating larger
quantities with equitable distribution of costs to stake
holders
9. Standards and Regulations
• Technical Standards for Connectivity of the
Distributed Generation Resources Regulations,
2013
• Installation and Operation of Meters Regulation
2006 (2013 amendment)
• Measures of Safety and Electricity Supply
Regulations
• Technical Standards for Connectivity of the
Distributed Generation Resources
• IEC Standards for PV modules (IEC 61215 for c-Si,
IEA 61646 for TF, IEC 62108 for CPV modules).
10. Issues addressed
• Germany and Italy have faced technical issues
due to rapid deployment of PV
• In 2012 Germany revised its Renewable Energy
Sources Act to oblige new PV plants to allow
remote curtailment
• Germany’s System Stability Act of May 2012
scheduled the retrofit of PV systems by the end
of 2014
– Power inverters must be able to reduce output when
frequency rises too high or to turn themselves off
11. Technical issues
• Rapid changes in the load seen by the
transmission system
– The load net of PV generation (gross load minus
variable generation from PV and wind) may vary from
minutes up to a timescale of one or two days
• Construction of a transmission and distribution
network much above the requirement
• Additional voltage control devices (FACTS)
– increases the cost of supply
12. Self consumption capability
• In Kerala scenario, most PV electricity generated
by domestic consumers (and generators) during
summer will be self-consumed. On summer
holidays, the self-consumption may be more than
the PV generation for domestic category and vice
versa for commercial/ small industrial consumers
• The load profile of office buildings or
supermarkets is a better match with the solar
resource, which reaches its maximum in the
middle of the day
13. Mitigations
• Inverter Control
– riding through wide ranges of voltage and
frequency fluctuations
– providing reactive power support
– disconnecting and reconnecting softly to avoid
sharp spikes during power outages
– Integration to remote SCADA to sensitivise the
grid requirement
14. Effects that require caution
• replace the marginal generator on merit order
stack with a costly generator with high ramping
capability
• result in sub optimal loading of generators,
especially linked with geographical distribution of
PV and capability of transmission system
• operation of gas turbines in open cycle instead of
combined cycle
• result in frequent start – stops of thermal
generators resulting in increase of O&M costs etc.
15. • Fuel cost function for thermal generating units
Fc (Pi)
𝐹𝑐 = 𝑖=1
𝑁
(𝐴𝑖+𝐵𝑖 + 𝐶𝑖
2
)
• Total demand is given by
𝑃𝑑 =
𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑃𝑖 + 𝑃𝐿