The document provides an overview of solar PV potential in Pakistan. It discusses global solar PV deployment trends, with China, the US, India, Germany and Japan leading in total installed capacity. It then examines Pakistan's strong solar resource assessment and relatively low installed solar capacity to date. Key policies and pricing structures for solar PV are reviewed for leading countries like Australia, the US and India. Challenges for expanding solar PV in Pakistan are also addressed.

1. Solar PV Potential in
Pakistan
By: Engr. Syed Faizan Ali
Renewable Energy & Grid Integration Expert

2. Solar PV Potential in Pakistan
• Global Perspective - PV
• Pakistan Solar Resource
Assessment
• Current Status of Solar installed
in Pakistan
• Policies
• Pricing in Pakistan
• Drivers & Challenges
• Way Forward

3. Global Perspective

4. Global Perspective
• Cumulative Deployment of Solar PV til 2021 939GWdc
• Global Deployment of 175GWdc in 2021
Source: IEA
Source: NREL

5. Global Perspective
• North America Leaders ~ USA
• Europe Leaders ~ Germany, Italy
• Australian Leaders ~ Australia
• Asia Leaders ~ China , India
Source: IEA
Source: NREL

6. Global Perspective – Installed Capacity
US
13%
China
33%
Australia
3%
India
6%
Japan
8%
Germany
6%
Rest of Europe
13%
Rest of World
18%
CUMULATIVE SOLAR PV DEPLOYMENT TILL 2021
(939GW)
• Five Market leaders in
terms Installed Capacity
• China
• US
• India
• Germany
• Japan

7. Global Perspective – Percentage of Electricity
• 5% of Global Electricity came from Solar PV in 2021
• Leaders in terms of Percentage Energy generation from Solar PV Australia, Spain, Greece, Honduras
• In Depth Analysis Required to study the policies deployed, installed capacity of Solar as compared to over all installed
generation capacity

8. Global Perspective of Solar PV Leaders –
Capacity & Energy wise
• USA
• Overall Installed Generation Capacity
-1200GW
• Solar PV Installed Generation Capacity
– 120GW
• Solar PV Installed Capacity as
percentage of overall Installed
Generation Capacity = 8%
• India
• Overall Installed Generation Capacity -
400GW
• Solar PV Installed Generation Capacity
– 60GW
• Solar PV Capacity as percentage of
Installed overall Generation Capacity
= 12%
• China
• Overall Installed Generation
Capacity -2324 GW
• Solar PV Generation Capacity
308GW
• Solar PV Capacity as percentage
of Installed overall Generation
Capacity = 13.25%
• Australia
• Overall Generation Capacity -
88.4GWac
• Solar PV Generation Capacity –
25GW
• Solar PV Capacity as percentage
of Installed overall Generation
Capacity = 23%
• Spain
• Overall Generation Capacity –
113GW
• Solar PV Generation Capacity –
19GW
• Solar PV as percentage of
Installed overall Generation
Capacity = 13.5%
• Greece
• Overall Generation Capacity -
21GW
• Solar PV Generation Capacity –
4.1GW
• Solar PV as percentage of
Installed overall Generation
Capacity = 16%
SOLAR
PV
INSTALLED
CAPACITY
LEADERS
SOLAR
PV
ENERGY
GENERATION
LEADERS
Compilation by Engr. Syed Faizan Ali

9. Global Perspective – Specific Yield
Source: Solar GIS

10. Global Perspective
8
12
11
23
13.5
16
4
8
5
15
14 13.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
USA India China Australia Spain Greece
Percentage
Installed PV Percentage of Overall Capacity
Electricity Generated from PV as Percentage of Overall Electricity Generated

11. Global Perspective – Watt Per Capita
Source: Global Market Outlook for Solar 2022-2026 Solar Power Europe

12. Global Perspective – Watt Per Capita
Source: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-solar?time=2021
Per capita energy consumption from solar, 2021

13. Global Perspective – PV Modules Prices
Source: PVPS Trend Report 2022

14. Global Perspective - Policies
• USA
Investment Tax Credit
Production Tax Credit
• India
• China
• Australia
• Australia RETThe Large-scale Renewable Energy
Target (LRET) requires high-energy users to acquire a
fixed proportion of their electricity from renewable
sources. This occurs in the form of large-scale generation
certificates (LGCs), which are created by large renewable
energy power stations (such as solar or wind farms) and
then sold to high-energy users who must surrender them
to meet their obligations under the LRET.
• The Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme (SRES)
provides a financial incentive for individuals and
businesses to install small-scale renewable energy
systems such as rooftop solar, solar water heaters and
heat pumps. This occurs in the form of small-scale
technology certificates (STCs), which are issued up front
for a system’s expected power generation (based on its
installation date and geographical location) until the SRES
expires in 2030. Similar to the LRET, large energy users
are required to purchase a fixed proportion of STCs and
surrender them to meet their obligations under the RET.
• Spain
• Greece

15. Future Trend of Solar PV Growth

16. Future Trend of Solar PV Growth

17. Global Perspective - Conclusion
• Global PV installed Capacity Leaders are not necessarily leaders in
true sense
• Global Solar PV Energy leaders differ from Installed Capacity Leaders
• Capacity is not proportional to generation, as certain technologies
(e.g., natural gas) have lower capacity factors than others (e.g.,
nuclear).
• Policy tweaks encourage the growth of Solar PV in terms of
installations and generation
• Countries with higher Solar PV specific yield will have more
percentage in energy mix

18. Pricing of Solar PV

19. Pricing of Solar PV - LCOE
Source: Lazard Estimates
https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-
energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/

20. Pricing of Solar PV - LCOE
Source: Lazard Estimates
https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-
energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/

22. Levelized PPA Price USA

23. Levelized Tariff Solar PV in Pakistan

24. Levelized PPA Price-Globally

25. Drivers of Solar PV

26. Policies of Solar PV

27. Solar Policies
• Direct Subsidies for Production
• Feed in Tariff
• Production Tax Credits
• Direct Subsidies for Installation
• Subsidize Installations
• Investment Tax Credit
• Indirect Subsidies
• Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) / Clean Energy Standards (Similar to fuel standards)
• Net Metering
• Renewable Energy Certificates

28. Policies of Solar PV – Leader Countries
AUSTRALIA
• Separate Regulator ~ Clean
Energy Regulator (CER)
• Renewable Power
Percentage (RPP)
• STP
• Renewable Energy Targets
(RET) ~ 41TWh ie., 20% of
Energy from renewable
sources
• LRET & SRES
• Solar Panel Validation (SPV)
Initiative
Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zVHwcn-lUI&t=84s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga_hb6gzN1I&t=20s
https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/Scheme-participants-and-industry/Solar-Panel-Validation-initiative
• Australia has a separate Regulator for
formulating policies and regulating
them
• RET mandates large and small
renewable energy producers to
produce specific amount of RE energy
• One certificate is allotted in against
generation of 1MWh of clean energy
• The certificates are sold to liable
entities and in turn the scheme
subsidizes the RE producers

29. Policies of Solar PV – Leader Countries
AUSTRALIA
• Solar Bonus Scheme
• Solar Feed in Tariff Scheme
• Solar PV rebate
• Solar Battery Rebate Empowering Homes Program -NSW
$14,000 upto /$ 9000 for retrofitting batteries Eligibility criteria
• Victoria –Solar Panel incentive $1888 incentive
• Solar battery Incentive $4838
• South Australia - Home battery scheme $6000 for energy
storage
• Australian Capital Territory – Solar power incentive $2500
• Next generation Energy storage program $825per kW for 30kW
upto.
• No incentive in QLD,WA,NT,TAS
• Battery Incentive - No nationwide
Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zVHwcn-lUI&t=84s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga_hb6gzN1I&t=20s
https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/RET/Scheme-participants-and-industry/Solar-Panel-Validation-initiative
• Australia has a separate Regulator for
formulating policies and regulating
them
• RET mandates large and small
renewable energy producers to
produce specific amount of RE energy
• One certificate is allotted in against
generation of 1MWh of clean energy
• The certificates are sold to liable
entities and in turn the scheme
subsidizes the RE producers

30. Venn Diagram Policies
Australia Spain
Greece

31. Policies of Solar PV – Leader Countries
USA
• Separate Regulator ~ Clean
Energy Regulator (CER)
• Renewable Power
Percentage (RPP)
• STP
• Renewable Energy Targets
(RET) ~ 41TWh ie., 20% of
Energy from renewable
sources
• LRET & SRES
• Solar Panel Validation (SPV)
Initiative
Sources: https://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx
• Australia has a separate Regulator for
formulating policies and regulating
them
• RET mandates large and small
renewable energy producers to
produce specific amount of RE energy
• One certificate is allotted in against
generation of 1MWh of clean energy
• The certificates are sold to liable
entities and in turn the scheme
subsidizes the RE producers

32. Drivers of Solar PV
• Cheap
• CO2 emissions
• Marginal cost zero once we buld them
• Volatility of cost is zero
• Jobs per MWh are high

33. Challenges of Solar PV

34. Challenges of Solar PV
• Large Land
• Intermittentcy (sec by sec / min by min variation in output)
• Non dispatchability
• Comparative disadvantage
• Temporary Jobs once built

35. Pakistan Solar Resource
Assessment

36. Pakistan Solar Resource Assessment

37. Pakistan Solar Resource Assessment

38. Pakistan Solar Resource Assessment

39. Pakistan Solar Resource Assessment

40. Manufacturing of PV
Capacity Globally

41. Manufacturing of PV Capacity Globally

42. Installed Solar PV Capacity in
Pakistan

43. Installed Solar PV Capacity - Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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Sindh
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Punjab
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Balochistan
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Total Solar PV Capacity in Pakistan
Punjab
KPK
Sindh
Baluchistan
Azad Kashmir
Gilgit Baltistan

44. Installed Solar PV Capacity - Punjab
Government of Punjab Projects