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IPocalypse
The document discusses the impending exhaustion of available IPv4 addresses and the need to transition to the new IPv6 internet protocol. It notes that the current IPv4 system allows for around 4 billion addresses, while IPv6 allows for an astronomical 340 undecillion addresses. However, full adoption of IPv6 raises concerns about compatibility with existing devices and software. An international "World IPv6 Day" is planned for June 2011 to test the global readiness for the new protocol.
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IPocalypse
- 1. IPocalypse 2011 David Hyland-Wood University of Mary Washington Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 2. IPocalypse • The destruction of the Earth by use of iTunes, as foreshadowed by the iTunes End User License Agreement. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 3. IPocalypse • The destruction of the Earth by use of iTunes, as foreshadowed by the iTunes End User License Agreement. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 4. IPocalypse • When your iPod / MP3 player suddenly and unexpectedly wipes out all your music, causing fear, panic, and usually mass amounts of illegal downloading to replace the lost songs. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 5. IPocalypse • When your iPod / MP3 player suddenly and unexpectedly wipes out all your music, causing fear, panic, and usually mass amounts of illegal downloading to replace the lost songs. Sunday, February 20, 2011
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- 7. IPocalypse • A phenomenon marked by exhaustion of IP addresses that identify destinations for digital traffic. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 8. APNIC to allocate all addresses by June 2011 3 February 2011 Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 9. IP version 4 • 32 bit addresses, e.g. 11011111 00001110 10000000 00000001 = 223.14.128.1 • “Dotted quad” notation: each segment 0-255d • 2 ≈ 4 Billion possible addresses 32 Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 10. IP datagram format IP protocol version 32 bits number total datagram header length head. type of length (bytes) ver length (bytes) len service for “type” of data fragment 16-bit identifier flgs fragmentation/ offset max number time to upper header reassembly remaining hops live layer checksum (decremented at 32 bit source IP address each router) 32 bit destination IP address upper layer protocol to deliver payload to Options (if any) E.g. timestamp, record route how much overhead data taken, specify with TCP? (variable length, list of routers r 20 bytes of TCP typically a TCP to visit. r 20 bytes of IP or UDP segment) r = 40 bytes + app layer overhead Network Layer 4- Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 11. IP version 6 • 128 bit addresses, e.g. 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0370:7334 Can omit leading zeros in each group 2001:db8::370:7334 Double colons indicate all zeros • 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal values Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 12. IP version 6 • 128 bit addresses have two parts: - 64-bit network prefix - 64-bit host address part 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0370:7334 network prefix host part Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 13. IP version 6 • 2 128 ≈ 340 undecillion possible addresses Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 14. IP version 6 • 2 128 ≈ 340 undecillion possible addresses Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 15. How many soccerballs? Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 16. A line ofsoccer balls would stretch around the circumference of the known universe - many billions of times. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 17. Maybe smaller components? Sunday,February 20, 2011
- 18. An IPv6 addressfor every atom on the surface of the Earth would allow more than 100 more Earths to be covered. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 19. 340 undecillion 282 decellion 366 nonillion 920 octillion 938 septillion 463 sextillion 463 quintillion 374 quadrillion 607 trillion 431 billion 768 million 211 thousand 456 Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 20. IPv6 Header (Cont) Priority: identify priority among datagrams in flow Flow Label: identify datagrams in same “flow.” (concept of“flow” not well defined). Next header: identify upper layer protocol for data Network Layer 4- Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 21. Changes from IPv4 • No fragmentation allowed • Checksum: removed entirely to reduce processing time at each hop • Options: allowed, but outside of header, indicated by “Next Header” field • ICMPv6: new version of ICMP • additional message types, e.g. “Packet Too Big” • multicast group management functions Network Layer 4- Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 22. Changes from IPv4 • No Network Address Translation (NAT) • Automatic Address Assignment via ICMPv6 Network Layer 4- Sunday, February 20, 2011
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- 25. Concerns • Computers and common operating systems - ready • Mobile phones - will need eventual upgrade (3G-4G) • Routers, “cable modems” - may need upgrade • Software - will need upgrades Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 26. Concerns • Server software will also be effected: • Web servers (Facebook, Google, etc) • iTunes • Server operators must make code-level changes if IPv4 addresses are hard-coded. • All Internet servers be prepared to serve IPv6-only clients by January 2012 Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 27. Impact • You may not be able to get/make a new Website until the migration is complete (starting later this year). • ISPs have a lot of work to do. • Software vendors need to check their code. Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 28. World IPv6 Day • 8 June 2011 (00:00 to 23:59 UTC) • Worldwide test of IPv6 across the entire Internet. • Among others, Facebook, Google,Yahoo, Cisco, Akamai Technologies, Limelight Networks, W3C, Bing, Tom's Hardware, Rackspace, and Juniper have committed to participating in the experiment. Sunday, February 20, 2011
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- 30. IPocalypse 2011 Sunday, February 20, 2011
- 31. Credits - CCLicensed Matrix Code http://www.flickr.com/photos/trinity-of-one/20562069/sizes/o/ Soccer balls http://www.flickr.com/photos/shibuya246/3709172817/ Sand dunes http://www.flickr.com/photos/79721788@N00/5282834545/sizes/l/ Stars http://www.flickr.com/photos/odalaigh/1482685365/sizes/l/ Credits - Fair Use of Copyright Death of the Music Industry http://www.flickr.com/photos/edcotton/5448870273/ Ipocalpyse definitions http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=iPocalypse IPv6/IPv4 tunnel http://www.networkworld.com/subnets/cisco/chapters/158720181X/graphics/17fig11.jpg IPv4/IPv6 datagram slides Modified from Kurose and Ross, http://wps.aw.com/aw_kurose_network_4/ Sunday, February 20, 2011