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Multinational corporations (MNCs) can provide benefits to host countries such as capital, technology, marketing and management expertise, and increasing domestic competition. However, they are also criticized for engaging in anticompetitive behaviors, displacing domestic investment, undermining local cultures, and exploiting local workers. Industries dominated by a small number of large companies, called oligopolies, exist in sectors like automobiles, soft drinks, movies, music, pharmaceuticals, fast food, and personal computers. Public policies aimed at reducing the ill effects of monopolies and oligopolies include antitrust laws, fair trade laws, deregulation, and encouraging new competition through technologies.
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Ipe08
Multinational corporations (MNCs) can provide benefits to host countries such as capital, technology, marketing and management expertise, and increasing domestic competition. However, they are also criticized for engaging in anticompetitive behaviors and displacing local industries and investment. MNCs tend to operate as oligopolies in many industries such as automobiles, soft drinks, movies, music, pharmaceuticals, and fast food. Public policies aimed at reducing the ill effects of monopolies and oligopolies include antitrust laws, fair trade laws, deregulation, and encouraging new competition through technologies.
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Multinational corporations (MNCs) can provide benefits to host countries such as capital, technology, marketing and management expertise, and increasing domestic competition. However, they are also criticized for engaging in anticompetitive behaviors, displacing domestic investment, undermining local cultures, and exploiting local workers. MNCs tend to operate as oligopolies in many industries such as automobiles, soft drinks, media, music, pharmaceuticals, and fast food. Public policies aimed at reducing the ill effects of oligopolies include antitrust laws, fair trade laws, deregulation, and encouraging new competition through technologies.
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3. A monopoly is dominated by one firm/entity and has no competition, which can lead to high costs for consumers. Oligopoly has a small number of firms that generate the supply and are interdependent on each other's actions. Monopolistic competition combines elements of monopoly and competition through product differentiation.
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The document discusses similarities and differences between monopolistic competition and Islamic economics. Both allow for free entry and exit of firms in the long run, and both see some role for government involvement. However, they differ in their views on pricing of goods, welfare of society, and advertising. Specifically, Islamic economics aims to maximize social welfare rather than just firm profits, and prohibits certain types of advertising.
Chapter-5_-The-Rise-of-Global-Corporation (1).pptx
The document discusses the rise of global corporations and their strategies and operations. It provides background on globalization and how it has led companies to formulate global strategies. It then discusses three key aspects of global corporations: 1) their operational decisions around procurement, production, and delivery; 2) the strategies they use around location of facilities, production characteristics, and goods vs services; 3) the major concerns of global managers around these operational areas.
International strategy is highly complex and dynamic and therefore too risky
International strategy is highly complex and dynamic and therefore too risky. Essay focusing on corporate strategy in terms of internationalisation.
Boing Vs Airbus Duopoly
The document discusses the duopoly between Boeing and Airbus in the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry. It begins by defining a duopoly as a market controlled by two companies. It then provides characteristics of a duopoly such as two firms controlling the majority of market share and price competition depending on quantity supplied by each firm. The document analyzes the commercial aircraft industry specifically, noting how mergers have consolidated it into just Boeing and Airbus. It discusses aspects of their competition like diversified product portfolios, regulations around safety, and how prices and strategies are determined. Finally, it reinforces that a duopoly has two producers dominating one market, which is the current situation between Boeing and Airbus.
Business environment
The document discusses the business environment and its various components. It defines the business environment as comprising internal and external factors that influence a company's operations. It classifies the external environment into political, legal, economic, sociocultural, demographic, technological, and natural factors. The internal environment includes elements like organizational culture, management practices, and employee relations. Regular scanning and monitoring of the business environment is important for companies to identify opportunities and threats and respond with appropriate strategies.
Why monopoly is considered a market failure?
Thorough study of the causes for growth of monopoly,How it is checked, how government regulate it etc.
Ethiopia
- Three multinational companies, ShoeCo, CareCo, and MedCo are considering entering the Ethiopian market.
- The document provides background on Ethiopia's economy, market reforms, industries, and business environment.
- It analyzes each company's financial projections, strengths/weaknesses, and recommends the best market entry strategy for each as either a local agent, licensing, joint venture, or subsidiary.
Ethiopia
- Ethiopia is presented as an emerging market opportunity for three multinational companies - CareCo, ShoeCo, and MedCo.
- The document provides background on Ethiopia's economy, market reforms, industries, and business environment. Financial analyses are presented for each company's potential market entry.
- CareCo is recommended to enter through a joint venture. ShoeCo should continue its local agent strategy. MedCo is advised to pursue a joint venture due to government priorities and distribution challenges.
Final research step before starting a business
Industry A has 20 firms with a concentration ratio of 30%, indicating monopolistic competition. Firms produce differentiated products and can influence prices to attract customers. Industry B has 20 firms with a concentration ratio of 80%, representing an oligopoly. A small number of large firms dominate this industry, facing significant barriers to entry. The higher concentration ratio in Industry B means the largest firm has a larger market share compared to the largest firm in Industry A.
Innovation Tool For Business Growth
This document discusses innovation as a necessity for business growth and survival. It defines innovation as changes or modifications to existing products, processes, positions or paradigms. The document outlines different types of innovation and provides historical examples of companies like Nokia, Apple, 3M and Polaroid that successfully innovated, as well as those like Kodak and Agfa that failed to innovate. It stresses that innovation is needed to create new profit sources and competitive advantages, and that both incremental and breakthrough innovations are important.
Global Drivers for Sustainable Business September 2012
Presentation I've prepared for a number of upcoming conferences. It is based on more than 80 interviews with managers, heads of sustainability and CEOs.
Tutorial 5 Week 5
This document provides information for an international business class. It outlines objectives and assignments, including a group presentation and individual essay on government intervention in trade. It discusses key terms, examples of government trade policies, and addresses questions about how trade policies impact competitive advantage, human rights, producers vs consumers, and appropriate policies for businesses to advocate for. During the global financial crisis, many countries provided subsidies to automobile producers, and there was concern increased protectionism could distort trade or further economic slowdowns.
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Chapter-5_-The-Rise-of-Global-Corporation (1).pptx
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International strategy is highly complex and dynamic and therefore too risky
International strategy is highly complex and dynamic and therefore too risky
Global Drivers for Sustainable Business September 2012
Global Drivers for Sustainable Business September 2012
More from Jeffrey Hart
Berkeley Internet.pptx
Talk delivered at a seminar in the ISchool at UC Berkeley on November 17 about the history and politics of the Internet.
Essays on the History and Politics of the.pptx
The document highlights several key individuals who contributed to the development of the internet including Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn who developed TCP/IP, Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau who created HTML and the World Wide Web, Robert Metcalfe who developed Ethernet, and Mark Andreessen who created the Mosaic web browser. It also mentions Vic Hayes' contribution to WiFi and notes Albert Gore and John Perry Barlow but does not specify their contributions to internet development.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United States
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
The European Union: Challenges and Opportunities
The European Union faces several challenges, including sluggish economic growth, high youth unemployment, and the Eurozone debt crisis. The adoption of austerity policies to address budget shortfalls have slowed growth and increased unemployment in some countries. Rising populism and nationalism have increased opposition to EU policies and threatened the stability of the bloc. Events like the Greek debt crisis, Brexit referendum, and the migration crisis have further divided member states and weakened the EU. How the EU addresses these issues will impact its future as both an economic and political union.
Techinnovation
This document summarizes technological innovation in the age of the Internet. It discusses the exponential growth of Internet hosts and users since 1981. It describes how the Internet has lowered barriers for forming groups and collaborating across distances. Many human activities have migrated online, blurring regulatory boundaries between technologies and industries. While a few large companies like Google and Facebook dominate certain markets, smaller innovative firms can still thrive if they remain nimble. The document outlines several policies that impact technological innovation, such as antitrust laws, net neutrality regulations, infrastructure subsidies, and intellectual property regimes. It also notes some transatlantic issues between the US and Europe regarding these topics.
International politics in the age of the internet
The document discusses how the internet has affected international politics in several ways:
1) It has given individuals and non-state actors greater ability to organize and express views, as seen during events like the Arab Spring.
2) It has increased transparency of governments and institutions through tools like blogs, YouTube, WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden's leaks.
3) However, it has also allowed greater government surveillance of citizens' online activities.
4) The rise of cyber warfare and threats to cyber security are new issues governments must address.
Net neutrality
The document discusses the origins and evolution of the net neutrality debate in the United States. It outlines key events and perspectives from both supporters and opponents of net neutrality. These include the initial coining of the term in 2002, various FCC rulings and policy statements, lobbying efforts, and legal challenges around issues like the Comcast throttling case and FCC regulations. The debate remains ongoing with shifting positions of government agencies and industry groups.
Politics of competitiveness
Lecture on the Politics of International Competitiveness for Emeriti House, Indiana University, October 16, 2013
Isa12a
1) The PROTECT IP Act (PIPA) and Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) aimed to curb online piracy but faced strong opposition.
2) Internet companies mobilized users against the bills through website blackouts and petitions, convincing many in Congress the bills could damage the internet.
3) With bipartisan support eroding, both bills were shelved in January 2012 due to concerns they could undermine free speech, national security, and internet stability.
Ipe21
The document summarizes major global economic changes since 1989, including the end of the Cold War, increased globalization, financial crises, and the rise of China and India. It discusses issues related to the future of the Eurozone, austerity measures, and growing economic volatility. Finally, it briefly profiles several thinkers who have studied topics like globalization, poverty, property rights, and international governance.
Polinter12
This document discusses key questions around how the internet has impacted media concentration and power dynamics. It examines the extent to which online media has replicated traditional patterns of ownership concentration in print and broadcast. It also looks at how the internet has changed news production and distribution. Additionally, it explores the effects of file sharing, open-source software, and intellectual property disputes. The document then analyzes different definitions of power and how information and communication technologies have impacted capabilities-based power, relational power, structural power, and meta power.
Polinter11
This document contains summaries of several topics related to politics and control of the internet. It discusses protests in Poland against the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), China's structure for controlling internet access, a correlation between internet users and press freedom in China, concerns about how the internet may impact diversity of political views and comparisons to traditional media, types of user-generated content on the internet, and questions about how certain groups may be helped or hurt by an open internet model.
Ipe19
Economic globalization involves the integration of markets for goods, services, and factors of production across national borders. It has increased the importance of international supply chains. ICTs like the internet have reduced the costs of coordinating activities globally, similar to past infrastructure innovations. National governments employ various coping strategies to deal with globalization, such as promoting inward investment, workforce skills development, and R&D spending.
Ipe20
This document summarizes several criticisms of corporate capitalism, including too much power, insufficient public oversight, and short-term profit orientation. It also discusses concerns about corporate agriculture practices like monoculture farming and factory farms. The document then profiles several authors who have written critically about the food system, like Michael Pollan and Ruth Ozeki, and discusses the Slow Food movement. It also examines issues around intellectual property and bioprospecting as it relates to genetic resources and indigenous communities.
Ipe18
This document discusses technology and economic growth. It examines why some countries innovate and lead technological revolutions while others do not. Specifically, it analyzes how and why the US led the Fordist and ICT revolutions. The document also considers what may be the next major technological innovation and which country could take the lead. Finally, it reviews theories of economic growth and compares GDP and high-tech industries of various nations over time to understand patterns of leadership and decline.
Isa12b
Jeffrey A. Hart from Indiana University presented a paper at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association in San Diego, California in April 2012. The paper discussed how different international relations theories like realism, liberal institutionalism, and constructivism approach issues related to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and cybersecurity. It argued that theories need to better account for how ICTs impact the diffusion of information, empower non-state actors, and potentially transform power structures and identities. The paper also examined questions around how ICTs influence globalization processes and production networks.
Ipe17
The document discusses the challenges of transitioning to a green economy including obstacles related to ideas, implementation, politics, and international cooperation. It notes the negative externalities of fossil fuel consumption and analyzes potential solutions like a green new deal as well as debates around climate science and pricing carbon. Implementation problems, varying public support across countries, and challenges of past international agreements on climate change are also summarized.
Polinter10
The document discusses the history of net neutrality in the United States. It describes how (1) the issue first emerged in 2002; (2) supporters argued the open internet must be preserved while opponents said regulation was unnecessary; and (3) the policy debate continued through the 2000s with various laws and court rulings affecting the FCC's ability to enforce net neutrality principles.
Ipe16
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and a "flat world" including: America needing to produce knowledge workers to succeed; other countries racing to the top not the bottom; potential "races to the bottom" in areas like taxes and regulations; shortages of scientists and engineers in the US; the potential of green energy technology; criticisms of corporate capitalism; and examples of pro- and anti-corporate websites focused on large brands like McDonald's, Starbucks, and Nike.
Ipe15
The document summarizes the various groups that make up the anti-globalization movement, including organized labor, environmental groups, feminists, indigenous peoples, and anarchists. It discusses why each of these groups opposes aspects of economic globalization, such as fears over loss of jobs and wages for labor groups, concerns about the environment and indigenous groups' resources, and a belief that globalization supports patriarchal politics. Large anti-globalization demonstrations have taken place at forums like G8 summits and WTO meetings.
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- 9. Automobiles
- 10. US Soft Drink Market Shares, 2000 Company Percentage Brands Coca Cola 44.1% Coke, Sprite, Barq, Fanta, Mello Yello, etc. Pepsico 31.4% Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Mug, Slice, etc. Cadbury/Schweppes 14.7% Seven-Up, Dr. Pepper, Schweppes, A & W, Canada Dry, Sunkist, Squirt, etc.
- 11. Market Shares of Film Studios in 2004 Source: Boxofficemojo.com
- 13. Fast Food Market Shares
- 14. World PC Market, Second Quarter of 2006
- 15. Pharmaceutical Market Shares, 1999