03 ch17 oligopoly
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The three market structures are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. They seem to depend on the number of firms in the industry and level of product differentiation. Oligopoly is characterized by having a few large firms, similar but not identical products, and interdependent decision making. The concentration ratio measures the percentage of total market output produced by the top four firms, with higher ratios indicating less competition. Several US industries have very high concentration ratios, including video game consoles at 100% and credit cards at 99%.
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Ch17 oligopoly
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economics #ucp
What is 'Monopolistic Competition'
Characterizes an industry in which many firms offer products or services that are similar, but not perfect substitutes. Barriers to entry and exit in the industry are low, and the decisions of any one firm do not directly affect those of its competitors. All firms have the same, relatively low degree of market power; they are all price makers. In the long run, demand is highly elastic, meaning that it is sensitive to price changes. In the short run, economic profit is positive, but it approaches zero in the long run. Firms in monopolistic competition tend to advertise heavily.
BREAKING DOWN 'Monopolistic Competition'
Monopolistic competition is a middle ground between monopoly, on the one hand, and perfect competition (a purely theoretical state), on the other, and combines elements of each. It is a form of competition that characterizes a number of industries that are familiar to consumers in their day-to-day lives. Examples include restaurants, hair salons, clothing and consumer electronics. To illustrate the characteristics of monopolistic competition, we'll use the example of household cleaning products.
microeconomics princ-ch16-presentation.ppt
Monopolistic competition is characterized by many firms producing differentiated products and free entry and exit into the market. While each firm has some market power, in the long run competition drives profits down to zero. However, monopolistic competition is less efficient than perfect competition due to excess capacity and prices above marginal costs. Advertising and brand names are used by firms to differentiate products, but their economic impact is debated, with some arguing they reduce competition and others that they better inform consumers.
Economicsslides 121109045052-phpapp01
This document discusses different market structures: monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It provides details on:
- Monopolistic competition is characterized by many firms producing differentiated products and competing on quality, price, and marketing. There is free entry and exit into the industry.
- Firms in monopolistic competition operate at excess capacity and charge a price above marginal cost in the long-run.
- Oligopoly is a market with a small number of firms where each firm's actions impact others. It can lead to interdependent behavior and the temptation for firms to collude.
Market Structure
The document discusses different market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. It examines factors that determine market structure such as the number of firms, product differentiation, control over price, and barriers to entry/exit. Market structure influences firms' pricing and output decisions. The document also explores topics like non-price competition, government regulation, and balancing private vs public interests.
Monopolistic competition
This document discusses monopolistic competition as a market structure between perfect competition and monopoly. Key points include:
- Under monopolistic competition, many firms sell differentiated products and free entry leads to zero long-run economic profits.
- Each firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve and can set prices above marginal cost in the short-run. In the long-run, entry drives prices down to average total cost.
- Compared to perfect competition, monopolistic competition results in excess capacity and prices above marginal cost, reducing efficiency. However, policy solutions are difficult given firms earn zero profits.
- Product differentiation encourages advertising and branding, which have debated social costs and benefits in terms of competition and consumer information.
IIIE SECTION A ECONOMICS NOTES Copy of monoploistic competition
Monopolistic competition is characterized by many firms producing differentiated products. Each firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve and competes through quality, price, and marketing. In the short run, firms set price where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, free entry and exit causes firms to earn zero economic profit. Firms invest in product development and heavy advertising to differentiate their products and shift their demand curves, though this may result in excess capacity and prices above marginal cost.
IIIE SECTION A ECONOMICS NOTES Monoploistic competition
This document provides an overview of monopolistic competition. It defines monopolistic competition as a market with many firms producing differentiated products, free entry and exit, and firms competing on quality, price, and marketing. It explains that in the short run, firms set price where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In the long run, entry continues until firms earn zero economic profit. It also discusses how firms use product development, innovation, and advertising to maintain an advantage over competitors in monopolistically competitive markets.
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Around the world with Total Retail 2017
Click on a country name to learn about that nation’s online shoppers.
Business economics 5
This document discusses different types of market structures and pricing strategies. It defines market structure as the characteristics of a market that describe the nature of competition and pricing, such as the number of firms and products. The four main types of market structures are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. It also outlines several pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, economy pricing, price skimming, and product line pricing. Pricing is influenced by factors like costs, market conditions, and perceived value.
Market Structure (N3)
The document discusses different market structures, including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly, oligopsony, and monopsony. It provides definitions and characteristics of each market structure, comparing factors such as the number of buyers and sellers, entry barriers, product differentiation, and firm behavior. Examples are given for some market structures. The conclusion summarizes that market structure can be described based on characteristics like market size, number of providers and their market share, and consumer and business purchasing patterns.
Ch13
Monopolistic competition is characterized by many small firms producing differentiated products, free entry and exit into the industry, and firms having some degree of market power. Oligopoly is characterized by a small number of large, dominant firms producing either homogeneous or differentiated products. In oligopoly, the behavior of any single firm depends greatly on the actions of other firms in the industry.
Ch13
Monopolistic competition and oligopoly are two market structures between perfect competition and monopoly. Monopolistic competition is characterized by many firms with differentiated products, easy entry and exit, and firms making positive profits in the short run but zero in the long run. Oligopoly is characterized by a small number of interdependent firms where the actions of one firm impact others and strategic behavior can result in inefficient outcomes.
Mcom 341-3 Economics, Regulation
This document discusses advertising regulation in the United States. It begins by outlining the economic impact of advertising, including how it can affect product values, prices, competition, and consumer demand and choice. It then describes the various government agencies that regulate advertising, such as the FCC, FTC, and FDA. It also discusses state and local advertising laws as well as self-regulation by non-government organizations. Finally, it examines some current regulatory issues in advertising including debates around commercial free speech, tobacco advertising, advertising to children, and consumer privacy.
Case Econ08 Ppt 14
This document provides an overview of monopolistic competition and oligopoly market structures. It discusses key concepts such as product differentiation, advertising, pricing and output determination under monopolistic competition. It also examines oligopoly models including collusion, Cournot, kinked demand curve and price leadership models. Game theory, repeated games, and the prisoners' dilemma are discussed. The role of government regulation of mergers to promote competition is also summarized.
Oligopoly
This document provides an overview of monopolistic competition and oligopoly market structures. It discusses key concepts such as product differentiation, advertising, pricing and output determination under monopolistic competition. It also examines oligopoly models including collusion, Cournot, and kinked demand curve models. It notes that oligopolies can be inefficient due to pricing above marginal cost, strategic behavior wasting resources, and potential for advertising waste. Government regulation aims to limit mergers that reduce competition.
17
Monopolistic competition is an imperfect market structure with many firms, differentiated products, and free entry and exit. Each firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve and charges a price above marginal cost, resulting in excess capacity and markup over marginal cost. While product variety benefits consumers, monopolistic competition also results in deadweight loss and potentially an inefficient number of firms. Firms use advertising and brand names both to inform consumers and potentially manipulate them.
Promotional Products
Promotional products distributors are beginning to leverage new technology platforms to compete more effectively in the areas of pricing, product assortment, and promotional tactics.
Case Study business
This document analyzes the market structure and competitive environment of the online advertising industry in Taiwan. It discusses trends showing increasing internet usage rates and outlines the client profiles and services provided. Using Porter's five forces model, it finds the industry has low concentration, high rivalry among competitors, strong buyer bargaining power, weak supplier bargaining power, and threat of substitution from print media. The document's company focuses on product differentiation, vertical integration alliances, and controlling quality to compete in this emerging fragmented market.
Escaping Competition
This document discusses different market structures and ways for businesses to escape competition. There are four main types of market structures - perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. To escape competition, firms can differentiate their products/services or focus on underserved market segments. Becoming a monopoly is another way to escape all competition by attaining a large market share through proprietary technology, economies of scale, branding, or starting in a small market and expanding. The document advises startups to target small, underrated markets rather than large markets with many competitors in order to better differentiate and have higher odds of success.
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IIIE SECTION A ECONOMICS NOTES Monoploistic competition
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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03 ch17 oligopoly
- 1. 1. Consider the 3 market structures we have learned so far 2. What do they seem to depend on? Bade/ Parkin Ch18
- 3. Oligopoly Features: Few large firms Very similar products Interdependent Firms compete on products, not price Very difficult to start new firm Very difficult to close down firm Not fully informed consumers
- 4. Measuring Market Concentration Concentration ratio: the percentage of the market’s total output supplied by its four largest firms. The higher the concentration ratio, the less competition.
- 5. Concentration Ratios in Selected U.S. Industries Industry Concentration ratio Video game consoles 100% Tennis balls 100% Credit cards 99% Batteries 94% Soft drinks 93% Web search engines 92% Breakfast cereal 92% Cigarettes 89% Greeting cards 88% Beer 85% Cell phone service 82% Autos 79%
- 6. OLIGOPOLY6 The Size of the Oligopoly As the number of firms in the market increases, the price effect becomes smaller the oligopoly looks more and more like a competitive market P approaches MC the market quantity approaches the socially efficient quantity Another benefit of international trade: Trade increases the number of firms competing, increases Q, brings P closer to marginal cost Automakers as example
- 7. Special type of Oligopoly Duopoly Oligopoly with only 2 firms Comic books Coke vs. Pepsi
- 8. What type of market?
- 9. What type of market?
- 10. What type of market?
- 11. What type of market?
- 13. What type of market? Movie theaters inTucson
- 14. What type of market? BroadcastTV
- 15. What type of market?
- 16. What type of market?
- 17. What type of market?
Editor's Notes
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- 5
- 6