The document provides background information and outlines the methodology for a study on analyzing the investment portfolios of commercial banks in Nepal. It discusses the importance of investment portfolios for banks and the economy. The study will analyze five years of data from five commercial banks to evaluate the relationship between investment amounts and variables like deposits, profits, loans, and bank size. Regression analysis will be used to analyze how investment levels correlate with these other factors. The goal is to help banks minimize risk and maximize returns in their investment strategies.
The document presents an analysis of investment portfolios of commercial banks. It discusses objectives to evaluate investment structures, risk and returns, and the relationship between investment and other variables. A sample of 5 commercial banks over 5 years is analyzed. Multivariate analysis shows a positive relationship between investment, bank size and deposits, and a negative relationship with loans and advances. Standard Charter Bank has the highest average investment proportion with less variation compared to other banks.
The Risk and return analysis is important to equity shares investors in the share
market. The need of equity shares at the time of preliminary stage of company or
bank to raising fund for establish company and starting a business. The equity share
holder is an actual owner of company or bank.
The document provides background information on mutual funds in India including a brief history from 1964 to present. It discusses the entry and growth of public sector funds from 1987-1993, private sector funds from 1993-2003, and the bifurcation of UTI in 2003. The history is divided into four phases of growth for the mutual fund industry in India from its establishment to becoming a large industry with many public and private players.
Portfolio refers to a collection of investments held by an individual or institution. Portfolio management is the professional management of these securities and assets to meet investment goals. The portfolio management process involves creating an investment policy statement detailing goals and constraints, developing an investment strategy based on this, implementing the strategy by investing in assets, and monitoring the portfolio and updating the strategy over time as needs and markets change.
Asset allocation refers to how an investor distributes their funds across major asset classes like stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash. The document discusses three main asset allocation strategies: strategic asset allocation involves maintaining a long-term target allocation; tactical asset allocation aims to exploit short-term market changes; and insured asset allocation adjusts based on an investor's risk tolerance which may change with gains or losses. Successful asset allocation requires defining goals, assessing risk tolerance, creating a target portfolio, and periodic review/rebalancing.
project on equity research and sector analysis teja0408
The document provides an overview of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It discusses that BSE is located in Mumbai and is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. It has over 5,133 listed companies and the BSE SENSEX index is a widely used market index in India. The BSE was established in 1875 and today facilitates growth for the Indian corporate sector. It operates from Monday to Friday and has various trading sessions throughout the day. The BSE has transitioned to electronic trading and works to provide efficient capital raising for listed companies.
This document presents a risk and return analysis of listed commercial banks in Nepal. It acknowledges those who provided support and guidance for the research. The abstract indicates that the study aims to analyze portfolio risk and return of common stocks from different listed commercial banks in Nepal using tools like expected return, required rate of return, CAPM model, mean, standard deviation, covariance, correlation and beta. The research focuses on portfolio analysis of three commercial banks in Nepal in terms of risk and return using secondary data from financial sources. The analysis uses risk diversification to minimize investment risk and maximize return through portfolio construction.
The document presents an analysis of investment portfolios of commercial banks. It discusses objectives to evaluate investment structures, risk and returns, and the relationship between investment and other variables. A sample of 5 commercial banks over 5 years is analyzed. Multivariate analysis shows a positive relationship between investment, bank size and deposits, and a negative relationship with loans and advances. Standard Charter Bank has the highest average investment proportion with less variation compared to other banks.
The Risk and return analysis is important to equity shares investors in the share
market. The need of equity shares at the time of preliminary stage of company or
bank to raising fund for establish company and starting a business. The equity share
holder is an actual owner of company or bank.
The document provides background information on mutual funds in India including a brief history from 1964 to present. It discusses the entry and growth of public sector funds from 1987-1993, private sector funds from 1993-2003, and the bifurcation of UTI in 2003. The history is divided into four phases of growth for the mutual fund industry in India from its establishment to becoming a large industry with many public and private players.
Portfolio refers to a collection of investments held by an individual or institution. Portfolio management is the professional management of these securities and assets to meet investment goals. The portfolio management process involves creating an investment policy statement detailing goals and constraints, developing an investment strategy based on this, implementing the strategy by investing in assets, and monitoring the portfolio and updating the strategy over time as needs and markets change.
Asset allocation refers to how an investor distributes their funds across major asset classes like stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash. The document discusses three main asset allocation strategies: strategic asset allocation involves maintaining a long-term target allocation; tactical asset allocation aims to exploit short-term market changes; and insured asset allocation adjusts based on an investor's risk tolerance which may change with gains or losses. Successful asset allocation requires defining goals, assessing risk tolerance, creating a target portfolio, and periodic review/rebalancing.
project on equity research and sector analysis teja0408
The document provides an overview of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It discusses that BSE is located in Mumbai and is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. It has over 5,133 listed companies and the BSE SENSEX index is a widely used market index in India. The BSE was established in 1875 and today facilitates growth for the Indian corporate sector. It operates from Monday to Friday and has various trading sessions throughout the day. The BSE has transitioned to electronic trading and works to provide efficient capital raising for listed companies.
This document presents a risk and return analysis of listed commercial banks in Nepal. It acknowledges those who provided support and guidance for the research. The abstract indicates that the study aims to analyze portfolio risk and return of common stocks from different listed commercial banks in Nepal using tools like expected return, required rate of return, CAPM model, mean, standard deviation, covariance, correlation and beta. The research focuses on portfolio analysis of three commercial banks in Nepal in terms of risk and return using secondary data from financial sources. The analysis uses risk diversification to minimize investment risk and maximize return through portfolio construction.
Research Project Report on Growth of Venture Capital Finance in India and Rol...Piyush Gupta
The research project report “Growth of Venture Capital Finance in India and role of Business Confidence Index” is undertaken as a part of MBA curriculum at Kurukshetra University. Venture Capital Finance is a mode of financing a high risk and new business ventures and is no more in the dormant stage in India.
The academic research study has been undertaken in order to know the current scenario of venture capital finance in India and to predict it near future rate of growth. The report also lookouts for market share of different economic sectors in terms of Venture Capital Investments and analyses growth of venture capital investment in these sectors.
The research project report further analyse whether values of Business Confidence Index can predict growth rate of Venture Capital Investments. For this reason Business Confidence Index by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has been used.
The report starts with Introduction to the topic i.e. Venture Capital Financing. It then throws light of this Industry in India. The report than provides objectives of this project, reviews of literature done and Research methodology used. It then provides details of Analysis and Interpretation followed by findings and conclusion.
A project report on overview of portfolio management in indiaProjects Kart
This document is a student project on portfolio management in India submitted to the University of Mumbai. It includes an introduction to portfolio management and Kotak Securities Ltd., as well as chapters on the meaning of portfolio management, methodology, basic concepts and components, types of portfolio management, persons involved, risk-return analysis, asset allocation, a primary survey, findings, and conclusions. The project provides an overview of portfolio management in India for a Bachelor's degree program.
The document discusses portfolio management and asset allocation strategies. It defines a portfolio as a collection of investments that can include stocks, mutual funds, bonds, and cash. It then describes different types of portfolios including a market portfolio and a zero investment portfolio. The main phases of portfolio management are outlined as security analysis, portfolio analysis, portfolio selection, portfolio revision, and portfolio evaluation. Asset allocation strategies focus on establishing an appropriate mix of asset classes in a portfolio to optimize risk and return based on an investor's goals.
This document is a thesis submitted by Asha Jaiswal to the Faculty of Management at Tribhuvan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Studies degree. The thesis analyzes the portfolio management of listed commercial banks in Nepal.
The introduction provides background on banks and portfolio management. It states that the main objective is to analyze the risk and return of common stocks from different listed commercial banks in Nepal using tools like expected return, required rate of return, CAPM model, mean, standard deviation, covariance, correlation and beta.
The document includes letters of recommendation from the thesis supervisor and approval from the research committee. It also includes an abstract that states the research will analyze portfolio management to help
A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
The study consist of fundamental analysis so it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. So the researcher gives the problem as A study on fundamental analysis of banking sector with special reference to public sector banks. The main objective is to study the fundamental analysis of three banks which Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of Baroda (BOB) and State Bank of India (SBI).
The document summarizes William Sharpe's single index model from 1963, which simplified Harry Markowitz's earlier portfolio selection model. The single index model assumes that only one macroeconomic factor, represented by a market index like the S&P 500, influences the systematic risk of stock returns. It expresses the return of a security as the sum of its expected excess return, its sensitivity to market movements, and random error. This allows estimating portfolio variance and minimum variance portfolios based only on market risk rather than the full covariance matrix.
This document lists 50 potential finance project topics for an MBA in finance degree. The topics cover a wide range of areas including financial analysis of companies, mutual funds, banking, insurance, working capital management, derivatives, and capital markets.
Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Presenting this set of slides with name - Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of twenty nine slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis Powerpoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
This presentation discusses the importance of having a diversified portfolio with a variety of different kinds of investments and tips on creating a diversified portfolio.
This document provides an overview of a summer training project on equity analysis of banks. It includes an introduction to technical analysis and fundamental analysis. It discusses the investment portfolio of Kotak Life Insurance, including their investments in various banks. It also outlines the objectives, research methodology, and structure of the document. The document is a summary of a student project analyzing equity investments in banks using both technical and fundamental analysis approaches.
A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUND Nirav Thanki
This document provides an overview of the mutual fund industry globally and in India. It discusses that mutual funds first originated in the United States in 1929 and have since grown to $12 trillion in assets globally by 2007, making them the largest financial investment vehicles. In India, the mutual fund industry was established in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India. The industry has grown significantly since privatizing in 1993, and now has over 45 fund houses and approximately $20 billion in assets. The document outlines the key benefits of mutual funds for investors and discusses the continued growth potential of the industry in India.
Study of of working capital management in kotak mahindra bankManali Tendolkar
This project is base on day to day transaction on the business and how they manage it. Also given a information about the advantages growth and development in financial sector and the economy.
The document discusses security analysis of selected power sector securities listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. It aims to conduct fundamental and technical analysis of leading power sector companies. The study selects six companies - NTPC, RELIANCE, POWERGRID, NHPC, TATAPOWER and ADANI POWER - to analyze their financial strength and future investment prospects through fundamental ratios and technical tools like bar charts and moving averages. The analysis seeks to evaluate company performance, stock movement, and risk-return to identify companies that ensure maximum return with minimum risk for investors in the power sector.
Sharekhan is a leading retail broking firm in India with over 1005 centers across 410 cities. It is the retail broking arm of SSKI Group which has over 80 years of experience in stock broking. Sharekhan offers equity trading, investment advisory, mutual funds, and depository services to over 5.45 lakh clients. It aims to educate and empower individual investors through quality advice and superior services. Sharekhan has a majority stake held by CITI Group and also has HSBC, Intel, and Carlyle as other investors. It is among the top three branded retail brokers in India with an average daily trading volume of Rs. 856 crores.
Methods of Bank Performance EvaluationNeha Agrawal
The document discusses various financial metrics and risk management tools used to evaluate the performance and financial health of banks, including capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings, liquidity, data envelopment analysis, analytic hierarchy process, and economic value added. Capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings, management, and liquidity are key financial ratios analyzed. Data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy process are multi-criteria decision making methods used to evaluate bank efficiency and identify improvement opportunities. Economic value added measures true economic profit beyond accounting profits.
Portfolio Management Services in Mutual FundsBinu Paul
A detailed study Portfolio Management services in Mutual Funds which give special emphasis on creation of Portfolio’s as different types of Investors, Portfolio Revision as per various plans, Calculation of returns and Comparison of Mutual Funds with various Performance measure
This document provides an overview of the derivative market in Nepal. It discusses the history and introduction of derivatives in Nepal, with the first commodity exchange (COMEN) established in 2009. It also outlines two other exchanges, Mercantile Exchange Nepal (MEX) and Nepal Derivative Exchange (NDEX), which provide online trading of commodities, metals, energies and currencies. The major commodities traded on these exchanges are gold and crude oil. The document is a report submitted to evaluate the activities, issues, benefits and regulation of the derivative market in Nepal.
Comparative Analysis of Non Performing Assets of Public Sector, Private Secto...Gaurav Godwani
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It provides an introduction to non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system. It defines NPAs and discusses how assets are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful or loss based on the number of days past due and likelihood of recovery. The types, reasons, impacts and early symptoms of NPAs are also examined. The document then outlines the procedures for NPA identification and resolution in India, before discussing the objectives, methodology and overall findings of the research project.
The document discusses investment and the investment process. It defines investment as committing funds with the expectation of a positive return. The main characteristics of investment are return, risk, safety, and liquidity. The objectives of investment are maximizing return, minimizing risk, maintaining liquidity, hedging against inflation, and increasing safety. The investment process involves framing an investment policy, analyzing opportunities, valuing assets, constructing a portfolio, and evaluating performance.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
Research Project Report on Growth of Venture Capital Finance in India and Rol...Piyush Gupta
The research project report “Growth of Venture Capital Finance in India and role of Business Confidence Index” is undertaken as a part of MBA curriculum at Kurukshetra University. Venture Capital Finance is a mode of financing a high risk and new business ventures and is no more in the dormant stage in India.
The academic research study has been undertaken in order to know the current scenario of venture capital finance in India and to predict it near future rate of growth. The report also lookouts for market share of different economic sectors in terms of Venture Capital Investments and analyses growth of venture capital investment in these sectors.
The research project report further analyse whether values of Business Confidence Index can predict growth rate of Venture Capital Investments. For this reason Business Confidence Index by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has been used.
The report starts with Introduction to the topic i.e. Venture Capital Financing. It then throws light of this Industry in India. The report than provides objectives of this project, reviews of literature done and Research methodology used. It then provides details of Analysis and Interpretation followed by findings and conclusion.
A project report on overview of portfolio management in indiaProjects Kart
This document is a student project on portfolio management in India submitted to the University of Mumbai. It includes an introduction to portfolio management and Kotak Securities Ltd., as well as chapters on the meaning of portfolio management, methodology, basic concepts and components, types of portfolio management, persons involved, risk-return analysis, asset allocation, a primary survey, findings, and conclusions. The project provides an overview of portfolio management in India for a Bachelor's degree program.
The document discusses portfolio management and asset allocation strategies. It defines a portfolio as a collection of investments that can include stocks, mutual funds, bonds, and cash. It then describes different types of portfolios including a market portfolio and a zero investment portfolio. The main phases of portfolio management are outlined as security analysis, portfolio analysis, portfolio selection, portfolio revision, and portfolio evaluation. Asset allocation strategies focus on establishing an appropriate mix of asset classes in a portfolio to optimize risk and return based on an investor's goals.
This document is a thesis submitted by Asha Jaiswal to the Faculty of Management at Tribhuvan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Studies degree. The thesis analyzes the portfolio management of listed commercial banks in Nepal.
The introduction provides background on banks and portfolio management. It states that the main objective is to analyze the risk and return of common stocks from different listed commercial banks in Nepal using tools like expected return, required rate of return, CAPM model, mean, standard deviation, covariance, correlation and beta.
The document includes letters of recommendation from the thesis supervisor and approval from the research committee. It also includes an abstract that states the research will analyze portfolio management to help
A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
The study consist of fundamental analysis so it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. So the researcher gives the problem as A study on fundamental analysis of banking sector with special reference to public sector banks. The main objective is to study the fundamental analysis of three banks which Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of Baroda (BOB) and State Bank of India (SBI).
The document summarizes William Sharpe's single index model from 1963, which simplified Harry Markowitz's earlier portfolio selection model. The single index model assumes that only one macroeconomic factor, represented by a market index like the S&P 500, influences the systematic risk of stock returns. It expresses the return of a security as the sum of its expected excess return, its sensitivity to market movements, and random error. This allows estimating portfolio variance and minimum variance portfolios based only on market risk rather than the full covariance matrix.
This document lists 50 potential finance project topics for an MBA in finance degree. The topics cover a wide range of areas including financial analysis of companies, mutual funds, banking, insurance, working capital management, derivatives, and capital markets.
Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Presenting this set of slides with name - Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis Powerpoint Presentation Slides. Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of twenty nine slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Portfolio Risk And Return Analysis Powerpoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
This presentation discusses the importance of having a diversified portfolio with a variety of different kinds of investments and tips on creating a diversified portfolio.
This document provides an overview of a summer training project on equity analysis of banks. It includes an introduction to technical analysis and fundamental analysis. It discusses the investment portfolio of Kotak Life Insurance, including their investments in various banks. It also outlines the objectives, research methodology, and structure of the document. The document is a summary of a student project analyzing equity investments in banks using both technical and fundamental analysis approaches.
A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUND Nirav Thanki
This document provides an overview of the mutual fund industry globally and in India. It discusses that mutual funds first originated in the United States in 1929 and have since grown to $12 trillion in assets globally by 2007, making them the largest financial investment vehicles. In India, the mutual fund industry was established in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India. The industry has grown significantly since privatizing in 1993, and now has over 45 fund houses and approximately $20 billion in assets. The document outlines the key benefits of mutual funds for investors and discusses the continued growth potential of the industry in India.
Study of of working capital management in kotak mahindra bankManali Tendolkar
This project is base on day to day transaction on the business and how they manage it. Also given a information about the advantages growth and development in financial sector and the economy.
The document discusses security analysis of selected power sector securities listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange. It aims to conduct fundamental and technical analysis of leading power sector companies. The study selects six companies - NTPC, RELIANCE, POWERGRID, NHPC, TATAPOWER and ADANI POWER - to analyze their financial strength and future investment prospects through fundamental ratios and technical tools like bar charts and moving averages. The analysis seeks to evaluate company performance, stock movement, and risk-return to identify companies that ensure maximum return with minimum risk for investors in the power sector.
Sharekhan is a leading retail broking firm in India with over 1005 centers across 410 cities. It is the retail broking arm of SSKI Group which has over 80 years of experience in stock broking. Sharekhan offers equity trading, investment advisory, mutual funds, and depository services to over 5.45 lakh clients. It aims to educate and empower individual investors through quality advice and superior services. Sharekhan has a majority stake held by CITI Group and also has HSBC, Intel, and Carlyle as other investors. It is among the top three branded retail brokers in India with an average daily trading volume of Rs. 856 crores.
Methods of Bank Performance EvaluationNeha Agrawal
The document discusses various financial metrics and risk management tools used to evaluate the performance and financial health of banks, including capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings, liquidity, data envelopment analysis, analytic hierarchy process, and economic value added. Capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings, management, and liquidity are key financial ratios analyzed. Data envelopment analysis and analytic hierarchy process are multi-criteria decision making methods used to evaluate bank efficiency and identify improvement opportunities. Economic value added measures true economic profit beyond accounting profits.
Portfolio Management Services in Mutual FundsBinu Paul
A detailed study Portfolio Management services in Mutual Funds which give special emphasis on creation of Portfolio’s as different types of Investors, Portfolio Revision as per various plans, Calculation of returns and Comparison of Mutual Funds with various Performance measure
This document provides an overview of the derivative market in Nepal. It discusses the history and introduction of derivatives in Nepal, with the first commodity exchange (COMEN) established in 2009. It also outlines two other exchanges, Mercantile Exchange Nepal (MEX) and Nepal Derivative Exchange (NDEX), which provide online trading of commodities, metals, energies and currencies. The major commodities traded on these exchanges are gold and crude oil. The document is a report submitted to evaluate the activities, issues, benefits and regulation of the derivative market in Nepal.
Comparative Analysis of Non Performing Assets of Public Sector, Private Secto...Gaurav Godwani
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It provides an introduction to non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system. It defines NPAs and discusses how assets are classified as standard, sub-standard, doubtful or loss based on the number of days past due and likelihood of recovery. The types, reasons, impacts and early symptoms of NPAs are also examined. The document then outlines the procedures for NPA identification and resolution in India, before discussing the objectives, methodology and overall findings of the research project.
The document discusses investment and the investment process. It defines investment as committing funds with the expectation of a positive return. The main characteristics of investment are return, risk, safety, and liquidity. The objectives of investment are maximizing return, minimizing risk, maintaining liquidity, hedging against inflation, and increasing safety. The investment process involves framing an investment policy, analyzing opportunities, valuing assets, constructing a portfolio, and evaluating performance.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
This document discusses different portfolio management strategies and analysis tools used to evaluate a company's multiple business units or product lines. It describes the Boston Box, McKinsey/GE Matrix, AD Little Life-Cycle Matrix and provides examples of how companies like Unilever, Procter & Gamble, and Virgin Group manage their diverse business portfolios. Key portfolio strategies discussed are hold, build, harvest, and divest. It also outlines advantages and limitations of different portfolio analysis models.
This document discusses business analysis techniques and provides definitions of business analysis. It lists and describes various techniques used in business analysis including stakeholder analysis, process modeling, requirements engineering, and solution development. The role of the business analyst is also discussed as investigating business situations, analyzing strategies, modeling processes, specifying information systems, and developing business cases. A basic toolkit of essential business analysis techniques is also presented.
Reporting de performances de campagnes d'Ads Twitter - Olympia Bruno CoquatrixLaurent DENIS
Voici une présentation du bilan statistique des campagnes publicitaires que j'ai déployé et géré sur Twitter, pour le compte de l'Olympia Bruno Coquatrix.
Vous souhaitez atteindre des objectifs tout aussi performants ? Contactez-moi pour une proposition freelance !
www.denislaurent.com
Richard Smeltz has experience in corporate training, sales, management, and technology consulting across various industries. He has held roles in training, sales, management, and technical support and has education in business and electronics. Smeltz aims to add value through his versatility across multiple functions, passion for excellence, creativity, reliability, and personable nature.
Loyal customers are worth up to ten times as much as their first purchase.
86% of consumers will pay up to 25% more for a better customer experience.
It costs six times more to acquire a new customer than retain an existing one
All organisations should continually strive to deliver amazing customer experiences. At retail360, we have a vision to give people the customer experience they are searching for - because we understand customer service can change people's lives.
And any business with customers is in the people business, it all comes back to people.
1. The document discusses different types of music from around the world including Chinese music, Peking Opera, folk music, and how music has spread globally through travel and communication.
2. It mentions that Chinese music began over 2,000 years ago and was performed by large orchestras at religious and court ceremonies, and today all Chinese plays have music including the popular Peking Opera.
3. The passage notes that rapid travel and mass communication in the 20th century led to a decrease in the variety of music worldwide.
This document is a resume for Richard Smeltz detailing his experience in training, sales, management, and technical fields. It outlines his education including a Master's in Instructional Technology and Bachelor's in Business. It then describes his work history including roles in corporate training, sales, management, and technical support for companies like Iron Mountain, Xerox, and Lehigh Career & Technical Institute where he specialized in areas like instructional design, customer service, and product training.
A famous church had a dome that was constructed in 1710 that stood 110 metres high, but it was deemed too high to access with the platforms available at the time. An artist and his assistant used a ladder to gain access, but the assistant fell while murmuring and was in danger until the artist was able to pull him to safety.
The document discusses four environmental issues:
1) Acid rain is formed when sulfur and nitrogen oxides combine with water, forming acids that can damage structures, crops, forests and aquatic life.
2) The greenhouse effect refers to the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun, warming the Earth's surface. Increased CO2 and methane from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation enhance the greenhouse effect and global warming.
3) Sulfates and nitrates from air pollution impair visibility and increase illness from particulate matter.
4) Ultraviolet radiation from the sun has different types that can impact human health.
- Ramanujan IT City implemented an Energy Management System (EnMS) certified to ISO 50001 to reduce energy costs and emissions.
- Power costs accounted for 78% of operating costs, so EnMS focused on improving energy efficiency.
- The implementation journey included establishing an energy policy, reviewing energy use, setting objectives and action plans, and integrating EnMS into the existing integrated management system.
- Early achievements included benchmarking energy parameters, improving HVAC performance, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and gaining a sales advantage through the focus on energy management.
Gated heart pool scanning - breast uptaketodd_charge
This document summarizes the medical history and treatment of a 29-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma while pregnant. She received chemotherapy during her pregnancy and delivered a healthy baby via normal vaginal birth. After delivery, she continued chemotherapy and underwent a PET scan, which showed normal heart function and no evidence of cancer recurrence or spread. The case highlights the need to consider normal radiotracer uptake in lactating females.
Filtration of radiopharmaceuticals by posidyne neo filterstodd_charge
This document summarizes a study that tested the filtration of various radiopharmaceuticals through a Posidyne NEO filter commonly used in intravenous lines. The study found that MAG3, DTPA, and Tc-04 experienced little dose loss through the filter, while DMSA, HDP and Disofenin saw significant losses of over 20% of the total dose. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of testing filters with radiopharmaceuticals to ensure patients receive an appropriate clinical dose for their imaging study.
The document discusses a detective case involving five people - Mr. and Mrs. Flower, their daughter Clare Flower, Tom Goode who is Mrs. Flower's nephew, and famous detective J.J. Coal. Tom Goode visited the detective because Clare Flower, who hasn't been in contact for 15 years, will inherit $400 million from Mrs. Flower's will. The detective agrees to investigate whether Clare has a right to the money. Students are assigned homework to read the next part of the story to find out who gets the money, and to complete a reading comprehension exercise.
Horatio Secure Cloud is a set of cloud solutions that includes backup, drive synchronization, and disaster recovery services. It protects company data stored in highly secure data centers that meet international standards. Data is encrypted during transfer and storage using 256-bit AES encryption and transmitted via HTTPs to ensure security. The solutions allow access to and recovery of data from any location.
A Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Fund Investments (With Special...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This examination on Investors acknowledgment
towards and late improvement and headway of Mutual Fund
premiums in Alwar city goes under the board an area of
organization publicizing. In the wide thought of organization
publicizing it exclusively centers around the exhibiting of cash
related organization specifically basic resources. Well ordered
Indian budgetary market is getting the chance to be engaged
and the supply of various fiscal instruments ought to be in
parity to the premium perspectives of the monetary
authorities. The prime drive of any hypothesis is to get most
extraordinary returned with a base danger and normal
resources allow to the budgetary masters. The examination
gives an information into the sorts of risks which exist in a
mutual save plan. The data was assembled from shared save
budgetary authorities similarly as non basic store examiners of
this industry. The investigation bases on the association
between theory decision and factors like liquidity, cash related
care, and demography. It was found commonly safe resources
and liquidity of store plot are having influence on the
budgetary authority's acumen for placing assets into the
mutual save. With the more broad thought of the distinctive
components of organization publicizing, thing care, mark
tendencies, and money related authority's satisfaction are the
specific regions of the examination. The other displaying limits
like thing progression publicize division, channels of
exhibiting, thing life cycle, scale headway procedures and their
impact of Marketing are completely disposed of from the audit
of this examination. So likewise the availability of substitute
aftereffect of normal hold units and their impact on this
organization thing it also rejected in the examination. In
reality, even in the normal store monetary authorities lead also
the researcher concentrate only the urban theorists and their
anxiety for this examination work. The rustic speculator's
perspectives are totally barred from the investigation.
This document provides a summary of a study on portfolio management at Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd. It includes an introduction, objectives, methodology, limitations and outlines of various chapters. The chapters will cover topics like literature review on portfolio theory developed by Harry Markowitz and others, company and industry profiles, theoretical analysis of portfolio management, findings, conclusions and suggestions. It will also include examples of different portfolio compositions. The objective is to understand how to effectively construct a portfolio and help investors select securities.
This document provides an overview of the financial services industry in India, including various subsectors like banking, insurance, mutual funds, stock exchanges, and regulatory bodies. It discusses the role of financial intermediaries in channeling funds between investors and businesses. Some key points covered include:
- The financial services industry plays an important role in promoting investment, savings, and long-term economic growth.
- Major segments include banking, insurance, and mutual funds, which together contribute around 6% to India's GDP.
- Financial intermediaries provide services like maturity transformation and risk mitigation by pooling funds from many sources.
- Important financial institutions include commercial banks, investment banks, brokerages, insurance companies, and non-bank
An analytical and theoretical investigation of the determinants ofAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the determinants of deposit money banks' investments in treasury bills in Nigeria from 1970-2009. It finds that five variables (treasury bill rate, total loans and advances, total deposit liabilities, average lending rate, average liquidity ratio) explain 97% of variations in banks' treasury bill investments. Total deposit liabilities have the greatest influence, while total loans and advances have the least. It recommends that banks improve deposit mobilization strategies and that regulatory authorities make treasury bill rates more attractive to banks.
Investor behavior in the stock market – Rational and Irrational perspectivesRohit Bedi
This research involves the study of buying and selling behavior of the Indian investor from both rational and irrational perspectives. The research involves collection of primary data through a questionnaire. The questionnaire has general questions related to investors’ preferences regarding their investment decisions and questions related to the influence groups which affect their investment behavior.
This document is a thesis proposal on portfolio management of listed commercial banks in Nepal submitted by Asha Jaiswal. The proposal provides background on portfolio management and investment. It states that the focus is on analyzing risk and return of portfolios of listed commercial banks in Nepal like Nepal SBI Bank, NABIL Bank, and NIC Bank from 2006 to 2010. The proposal outlines the problem statement, objectives, significance, and limitations of the study. It also provides a literature review on topics related to portfolio management, investment, risk, and return. The proposed research methodology includes collecting primary data through interviews and questionnaires and secondary data from sources like books and previous research to analyze risk and return using financial and statistical tools.
Comparative analysis on investment in mutual fundvaibhav belkhude
Over a long term horizon, equity investments have given returns which far exceed those from the debt based instruments. They are probably the only investment option, which can build large wealth. In short term, equities exhibit very sharp volatilities, which many of us find difficult to stomach. Investment in equities requires one to be in constant touch with the market and a lot of research.
Buying good scripts require one to invest fairly large amounts. Systematic Investing in a Mutual Fund is the answer to preventing the pitfalls of equity investment and still enjoying the high returns. And it makes all the more sense today when the stock markets are booming.
Management of the fund by the professionals or experts is one of the key advantages of investing through a mutual fund. They regularly carry out extensive research - on the company, the industry and the economy – thus ensuring informed investment. Secondly, they regularly track the market.
Thus for many of us who do not have the desired expertise and are too busy with our vocation to devote sufficient time and effort to investing in equity, Mutual Funds offer an attractive alternative.
Another advantage of investing through mutual funds is that even with small amounts we are able to enjoy the benefits of diversification. Huge amounts would be required for an individual to achieve the
desired diversification, which would not be possible for many of us. Diversification reduces the overall impact on the returns from a portfolio, on account of a loss in a particular company/sector.
The Mutual Funds industry is well regulated both by SEBI and AMFI. They have, over the years, introduced regulations, which ensure smooth and transparent functioning of the mutual funds industry. This makes it safer and convenient for investors to invest through Mutual Funds.
One of the biggest difficulties in equity investing is WHEN to invest, apart from the other big question WHERE to invest. While, investing in a mutual fund solves the issue of ‘where’ to invest, SIP helps us to overcome the problem of ‘when’. SIP is a disciplined investing irrespective of the state of the market. It thus makes the market timing totally irrelevant.
Performence of mutual fund by. karan gujratiKaran Gujrati
This document is a dissertation project report submitted by Karan Gujrati to the Department of Business Administration under the guidance of Dr. Mayank Malviya. It discusses the performance of mutual funds in India. The acknowledgement section thanks various people who helped with the project. The declaration confirms this is Karan's original work. The table of contents outlines the various sections of the report which will cover topics like the history of mutual funds in India, types of mutual funds, research methodology used in the analysis, an overview and analysis of various fund types, findings and recommendations.
This research article analyzes the financial performance of selected banks in India using ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is a quantitative method used to evaluate a company's liquidity, operational efficiency, and profitability by comparing financial statement information over multiple periods. The study uses a commonly applied framework called the Eagles model to analyze 13 key ratios across selected banks from 2011-2019 related to earnings, asset quality, growth, liquidity, equity, and strategy. Statistical tools like mean, standard deviation, and t-tests are used to analyze and compare the results between public and private sector banks. The findings of the ratio analysis can help assess the financial health and trends of the banks over time to identify areas for improvement and inform decision making.
Role of Behavioural Finance in the Financial Marketinventionjournals
This document discusses the role of behavioural finance in financial markets. It begins by outlining some key limitations of traditional finance theories, such as assuming complete rationality of investors and ignoring emotional and psychological factors. It then discusses the development of behavioural finance, which incorporates insights from psychology to develop a more realistic understanding of investor behaviour. Some common cognitive biases and heuristics identified by behavioural finance research that influence investment decisions are also summarized, such as loss aversion and herd behaviour. While behavioural finance does not directly help raise finance, the document argues it could indirectly do so by reducing bubbles and increasing investor confidence by accounting for common irrational biases in decision-making. In conclusion, behavioural finance provides a useful framework but requires further
This document discusses evaluating mutual fund performance in India. It begins with an introduction that provides background on mutual funds and their importance in India. It then reviews relevant literature on measuring mutual fund performance and factors that influence performance. The objectives of the study are to understand investor preferences and needs regarding mutual funds, analyze the most influential factors when buying mutual funds, and evaluate the performance of preferred mutual fund schemes based on return parameters.
We started this Academic Writing Help in the year 2011.Writekraft Research & Publication: www.writekraft.com 1000s of students have graduated across the globe from our in-depth research.
We help students with the following services:
1. Thesis Writing (from 50 pages and above)
2. Dissertation writing
3. Research Writing for Publishing
4. Data Analysis
5. Research Proposal Writing
6. Study Plan
7. Plagiarism Report
Contact us at shivam.writekraft@gmail OR call us on +917753818181, +919838033084
The charges are fair and we allow negotiations as per the student’s budget. You can also inbox me for more direction.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
“To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovation”.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer’s aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabled’s Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
This document provides an executive summary and introduction to a project conducting fundamental analysis of five banking companies in India over 45 days. The analysis included economic, industry, and company analysis to derive an intrinsic value for each stock and determine if it was overvalued or undervalued. Data was collected from annual reports and company websites and analyzed using techniques like CAMEL rating and intrinsic value calculation. The purpose was to forecast future stock prices and provide a basis for informed investment decisions.
The document provides an introduction to a study on the financial performance of M/s. South Indian Bank Ltd. It includes sections on the introduction to banking, history of banking in India, banking services, and innovations in the Indian banking sector. The objectives of the study are to assess the profitability, liquidity, investments, and long-term financial position of the bank and understand its future prospects. Secondary data from annual reports will be analyzed using ratios and comparative statements to evaluate the bank's financial strength.
This document summarizes a study on the financial performance evaluation of Punjab National Bank from 2014-2018. It provides background on the bank, including its history dating back to 1894. The study aims to examine the business performance of PNB through analyzing financial ratios and conducting regression analysis to determine the impact of deposits and advances on net profit. The methodology section outlines the secondary data sources used and tools for statistical analysis. Preliminary results are presented on key financial indicators for PNB over the period studied.
This study examines the factors that determine the financing supply of Islamic banks in multiple countries. It uses panel data from Islamic banks in Pakistan and Malaysia over several years. The study finds that increases in total deposits and GDP positively impact financing, while increases in the market rate of return, money supply, and bank equity negatively impact financing. The results indicate Islamic banks do not always proportionally increase financing when deposits and equity rise, suggesting excess liquidity. Overall the model explains about 31% of the variation in Islamic bank financing.
This document summarizes a study on investors' perceptions of mutual funds. It discusses how mutual funds pool investor money and invest in securities to generate profits or losses distributed to investors proportionally. The study aims to analyze how demographic factors impact investor attitudes toward mutual funds and determine which types and distribution channels investors prefer. It also reviews past literature on mutual fund performance evaluation and discusses India's growing financial services sector and prominent mutual fund companies. The researcher seeks to identify the key parameters like liquidity and returns that shape investor perceptions of mutual funds.
The document discusses the efficient market hypothesis which states that financial markets are efficient and security prices reflect all available information. It provides evidence that markets are at least semi-strong form efficient in that publicly available information does not allow consistently beating the market. The hypothesis implies that no investments are better than others and security prices accurately reflect risk and return. While markets quickly react to new information, predicting short-term movements is very difficult. Overall, the evidence supports some level of market efficiency.
Robert Mondavi was born in 1913 in Minnesota to Italian immigrant parents. He graduated from Stanford in 1937 and later joined his family's wine business, Charles Krug Winery. In 1965, Mondavi was fired after a feud with his brother and used his savings to start his own winery in 1966, becoming the first in California to produce premium wines that could compete internationally. Throughout his career, Mondavi grew his business through innovation, marketing, and a commitment to quality that led to widespread success and recognition.
Frederick Smith founded FedEx in 1973 after gaining experience in the military logistics system. He had a vision of creating a global overnight delivery service but faced many challenges getting the business off the ground. After losing $27 million in the first two years, FedEx turned a profit in 1976. Smith took the company public in 1978, raising funds to expand. Through commitment to his vision, even during failures, and empowering employees, FedEx grew to become the world's largest cargo airline, processing over 8.5 billion shipments daily.
This document provides an overview of distributed lag models. It defines distributed lag models as models where the current value of a dependent variable is predicted based on current and past values of an explanatory variable. It discusses finite and infinite distributed lag models. Methods for estimating distributed lag models like ad hoc estimation and the Koyck model are described. The Koyck model specifies an exponential decline in lag weights. Problems with estimation like multicollinearity, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity are also summarized.
Development of financial institutions in NepalPawan Kawan
Financial institutions play a key role in the economy by facilitating transactions and the flow of money. In Nepal, there are various types of financial institutions that serve different functions:
- Commercial banks accept deposits and provide business loans and basic investment services. Nepal's first commercial bank was Nepal Bank Ltd.
- Development banks like the Nepal Development Bank Limited provide medium and long-term financing to support sectors like industry and agriculture.
- Other financial institutions in Nepal include finance companies, microcredit banks, cooperatives, and non-governmental organizations. As of 2012 there were over 300 registered financial institutions operating in Nepal.
Econometrics is the application of statistical and mathematical methods to economic data in order to test economic theories and estimate relationships between economic variables. The methodology of econometrics involves stating an economic theory or hypothesis, specifying the theory mathematically and as an econometric model, obtaining data, estimating the model, testing hypotheses, making forecasts, and using the model for policy purposes. Regression analysis is a key tool in econometrics that relates a dependent variable to one or more independent variables, with an error term included to account for the inexact nature of economic relationships.
This document discusses the relationship between GDP and consumption in Nepal. It finds that consumption is the single most important component of calculating GDP, making up more than 50% of GDP calculations in most countries. GDP and consumption are positively correlated, as a rise in consumption leads to a corresponding rise in GDP. The study analyzes data from Nepal from 1975 to 2011, finding a highly significant relationship between GDP and consumption, with consumption explaining 99.6% of the variation in GDP. It concludes that consumption fully depends on and increases with the level of GDP in Nepal.
The document provides an overview of operations management. It discusses the key components and tasks of operations including inputs, transformation processes, and outputs. It also covers different types of operating systems like continuous flow, batch, and project processes. Managers must choose appropriate processes based on product characteristics and make ongoing decisions about quality, efficiency, and tradeoffs. Recent developments emphasize a total quality management approach.
1) The document analyzes IT outsourcing practices of two large global organizations, Firm-1 and Firm-2.
2) For Firm-1, the main objectives of IT outsourcing are cost reduction, focusing on core activities, and gaining access to professional services. Main benefits realized are cost savings, optimal resource allocation, and improved flexibility.
3) Key risks for Firm-1 include protecting core knowledge and clearly defining project scope. Main challenges are deciding what to outsource, ongoing vendor management, and governance. Best practices include stakeholder buy-in and prioritizing action items.
Under a fixed exchange rate system, governments try to maintain a constant value for their currencies against other currencies. A country's central bank commits to buying and selling its currency at a fixed price in order to maintain this exchange rate. Fixed exchange rates provide stability for international trade and control of inflation. Governments intervene in currency markets by buying and selling their own currency to influence supply and demand and maintain the fixed exchange rate when market forces would otherwise cause the rate to change.
The document provides an introductory overview of operations management. It discusses four key aspects: 1) the purpose and components of operations, 2) key tasks managers must manage, 3) types of operations systems, and 4) tools to diagnose and solve problems. It describes operations using an input-transformation-output model and notes operations occur in many settings beyond factories. The document also outlines important customer needs, the roles of effectiveness and efficiency, different process types, analysis tools, and recent developments in quality management and flexibility.
Hard Rock Cafe first opened in 1971 and now has over 110 restaurants in more than 40 countries. It aims to provide customers with a unique dining experience through its food, entertainment, and vast collection of music memorabilia. Some key aspects of Hard Rock's operations include applying decisions around design of goods and services, quality management, supply chain management, and inventory management of over $40 million worth of memorabilia. Productivity of kitchen and wait staff can be determined by measuring output of meals prepared or customers served against input of staff hours worked. Hard Rock focuses on globalization and differentiation strategies to reduce costs, improve operations, and attract new markets worldwide.
This document discusses the methodology of econometrics. It involves 8 steps: 1) stating an economic theory, 2) specifying a mathematical model, 3) specifying an econometric model, 4) obtaining data, 5) estimating parameters, 6) hypothesis testing, 7) forecasting, and 8) using the model for policy purposes. An example is provided to estimate a model that relates GDP to receipts based on data from 1990-2009. The model finds GDP increases with receipts, supporting the initial economic theory.
Interest rates are determined by the interaction of supply and demand in the market for loanable funds. The supply comes from domestic savings, foreign lending, and money creation by banks. The demand comes from consumers, businesses, and governments seeking credit, as well as foreign borrowers. Equilibrium is reached where the supply and demand for loanable funds are equal. Factors such as expected inflation, default risk, liquidity risk, and monetary policy influence the supply and demand curves and thus impact interest rate levels.
The Asian Financial Crisis began in July 1997 and severely impacted economies across Asia, including Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, and other countries. The crisis was triggered by Thailand deciding to float its currency, the baht, causing its value to collapse and spread contagion to other economies. Weak financial systems, liberalization of capital flows, overreliance on foreign capital, and inconsistent economic policies contributed to the crisis by exposing vulnerabilities and causing investors to lose confidence. The crisis represented a failure of many parties to identify risks and prevent the downturn.
This document provides an overview of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the central bank of Nepal. It was established in 1956 and has the vision to be a modern, dynamic, credible and effective central bank. NRB oversees monetary policy, foreign exchange rates, and the country's banking system. It regulates all banks and financial institutions in Nepal. The document outlines NRB's organizational structure, functions, financial reports, and major customers which include the Government of Nepal, banks and financial institutions, corporations, and investors. It also provides a history of banking in Nepal and lists the current 31 commercial banks and over 200 other financial institutions that NRB supervises.
Three rules for making a company truly greatPawan Kawan
The document summarizes key findings from a statistical study of thousands of companies that identified several hundred as truly exceptional performers. It discusses three elementary rules that these exceptional companies consistently followed in their strategic choices over decades of success: 1) compete on differentiators other than price (better before cheaper), 2) prioritize increasing revenue over reducing costs (revenue before cost), and 3) be willing to change anything to follow the first two rules. The study found that positions built on greater differentiation through brand or reliability drove higher performance than those based on lower prices. Exceptional companies relied more on gross margins than costs for profitability.
Internship at nepal rastra bank ( nrb )Pawan Kawan
Nepal Rastra Bank is the central bank of Nepal. The internship report summarizes the organizational profile, job profile and activities performed during a 12-week internship at NRB. Key activities included reconciling pay orders and pension records using the Olympic banking system. Observations highlighted outdated IT equipment and a need for staff training. Feedback recommended improving technology, restructuring jobs, and maintaining equipment. The summary provided an overview of the main topics covered in the internship report.
The document provides information on creating and managing bank services outlets and setting banking technology. It discusses options for forming new banks such as chartering de novo institutions or establishing branches. The bank chartering process in the US involves approval from regulators who assess various factors like the proposed area of operations, competition, population growth, and management experience. Emerging technologies allow for branchless banking through automated teller machines, telephone and internet banking. Mobile apps and digital services are expanding banking access for customers.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Investment portfolio analysis
1. 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Commercial banks are organizations which normally perform certain financial transactions.
They perform the twin task of accepting deposits from members of public and make advances
to needy and worthy people from the society. However, the natures of banks have changed as
the time has changed.
Commercial Banks play very important role in the economic life of the nation. The health of
the economy is closely related to the soundness of its banking system. Although banks create
no new wealth but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of
production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. In this way they become very
effective partners in the process of economic development. Today modern banks are very
useful for the utilization of the resources of the country. The banks are mobilizing the savings
of the people for the investment purposes. If there would be no banks then a great portion of a
capital of the country would remain idle. Importance of commercial banks has emerged
through their primary role in the acceptance of demand deposits that can be withdrawn by
checks by distributors at any time after the time of deposit. Banks are now the major buyers
of debt and other securities. Commercial banks play a dominant role in the money and capital
markets. Thus the importance of commercial banks has emerged as a prime component of the
financial system and has a large impact on the economy. Banks in addition to the official
reserves and to the assets related to monetary policy operations hold other investments in
financial instruments and in real estate. Investment portfolios include government bonds and
equities. Investment portfolios may include other international bonds and equities and equity
funds as well. The objectives of the investment portfolios are income generation and capital
preservation, considering the risks stemming from other asset and liabilities and those
associated with institutional activities. (Rose, P., 2003). This study is to assess the proceeds,
the scientific principles, and rules in the composition of investment portfolios of Nepalese
Banks.
The investment portfolio should be carefully analyzed so that the investment should ensure
minimum risk and maximum profit. So, commercial banks should incorporate several
elements such as regulatory environment, the availability of funds, the selection of risk,
investment portfolio balance term structure of the liabilities etc. Good management of
investment portfolios of the banks will improve their financial position, which in turn will
make it better able to serve our customers optimally, leading to increased productivity and
effectiveness of banking services and more able to keep up with economic development and
global competition.
2. 2
Hence the banks should never invest its funds in those securities, which are subject to too
much depreciation and fluctuations because a little difference may cause great loss. The bank
should accept that type of securities, which are commercial, durable, marketable, stable,
transferable, and high market price.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Investment is made in present, which is certain, but reward from investment will be in future
and it is uncertain. Therefore investment is risky activity. There are various factors that affect
the investment decision. A bank has to consider various factors while making decision about
the investment. The main problem is to find out best combination of investment portfolio in
order to minimize risk that provides higher rewards. Therefore, the study will seek to answer
the following questions:
What is the relationship of investment with total deposit, loan and advances and total
profit?
What is the proportion of investment of different commercial banks?
How much risk commercial banks are facing while investing in different assets?
Which bank has higher investment in five years?
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study are to analyze and examine the investment portfolio of
commercial banks. The specific objectives of this study are listed below:
To evaluate and analyze the variation in investment structure.
To analyze risk and return on investment portfolio of different commercial banks.
To analyze the relationship of investment with other variables like deposit, loan and
advance, net profit and size of the firm.
To find out the proportion of investment of commercial banks.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Commercial banks have pivotal role in collection of dispersed small savings and transforming
them into meaningful capital investment. The success and prosperity of the banks relies
heavily upon the successful investment of collected resource to the productive sectors of
economy. Hence, the main significance of this study is to help how to minimize risk on
investment and maximize return through portfolio analysis. Similarly, the study of
commercial banks on investment trend, risk and return pattern, portfolio management, credit
management, structure change in deposit and in investment, effect on investment decision by
earning, the internal weakness of the banks and furnish the ideas of improvement. A few
studies have been made on the investment portfolio analysis of commercial banks. Most of
the studies made up to present are related to financial performance evaluation, capital
structure analysis, dividend policy, risk and return etc. only few students have been able to
study on this topic. So the present study will be of substantial importance for investors,
3. 3
planners, researchers, students, and policy makers to meet their personal and organizational
objectives by identifying the various weaknesses prevailing in the investment and provide
package of suggestions of its improvement, finally it contributes to the national economy by
means of institutional development. It is expected that this work will be helpful to decision
makers to maximize the values of their organization.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific
hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. The objective of setting the
hypothesis is to test the significant difference regarding the parameters of the populations on
the basis of samples drawn from the population. This test has been conducted on the various
relations related with the banking business. The following steps have been followed for the
test of hypothesis:
o Formulating Hypothesis (Null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis)
o Computing the test static
o Fixing the level of significance
o Making decision
The following test of significance can be shown in this study:
H1: Investment is positively related to Size of the firm, Profitability and Deposits
H2: Investment is negatively related with Loan and advances
Defination of variables which are used in the model are as follows:
Dependent variable= Investment
Independent variable = Size of the firm, Profitability, Loan and advances and Deposits
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is made only for the partial fulfillment of the Master of Business Administration.
This study is based on well known or already estimated analytical methods. So, this study is
conclusion oriented. This study has various limitations. It does not concern much with
fundamental basic decision oriented research. The other limitations of the study are as
follows:
Only five commercial banks are selected.
The study covers only five years period.
4. 4
The validity and confidence of the data depends on their faith and trustworthiness of
the published data.
There are time and resources constraints.
1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The study has been organized into five chapters. They are as follows:
Chapter I: This contains the introduction which includes background of the study, statement
of problem, importance of the study, research gap and limitation of the study which is already
mentioned.
Chapter II: It is devoted to theoretical analysis and brief review of related and pertinent
literature available. It includes a discussion on the conceptual framework and review of major
studies.
Chapter III: It describes the research methodology employed in the study. This chapter deals
with the nature and sources of data, list of the selected companies, the model of analysis,
meaning and definition of statistical tools.
Chapter IV: It deals with the presentation and analysis of secondary data to indicate
quantitative facts on investment portfolio of commercial banks. It consist different ratios and
presentation of result in suitable diagram and also multivariate analysis.
Chapter V: It includes summary, conclusion and recommendation of the study. This chapter
presents the major findings and compares them with theory and other empirical evidence to
the extent possible.
5. 5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Portfolio is the composite set of ownership rights to financial assets in which the investor
wishes to invest. Portfolios are thus, composed of securities and their expected return and risk
of their component securities. This chapter is considered to the review of major related
literature about the investment portfolio in more details and descriptive manner. It provides
the foundation for developing a comprehensive theoretical framework to the field of research
in order to explore the true facts for the reporting purpose.
2.1 CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
2.1.1 INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
Investment is putting money into something with the expectation of gain, usually over a
longer term. This may or may not be backed by research and analysis. Most or all forms of
investment involve some form of risk, such as investment in equities, property, and even
fixed interest securities which are subject inflation risk.
Gitman and Joehnk, “ Investment is any vehicle into which funds can be placed with the
expectation that will preserve or increases in value and generated positive returns.”
J.K. Fancies, “An investment is a commitment of money that is expected to generate
additional money. Every investment entails some degree of risk, it requires a present certain
sacrifice for a future uncertain benefits.”
According to Weston & Brigham, “A portfolio simply represents practice among investor of
having their funds in more than one asset. The combination of investment asset is called a
portfolio”.
2.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Markowitz had developed the portfolio basic model, he derived the expected rate of return for
a portfolio of assets and their expected risk measure. Makowitz showed that the variance of
the rate of return was a meaningful measure of portfolio risk under a reasonable set of
assumptions, this theory indicated the importance of diversifying the investments to reduce
the total risk of the portfolio.
Capital Market Theory extends the portfolio theory and developed a model for pricing all
risky assets in a “Capita Asset Pricing Model”, or (CAPM) which was developed by Sharpe
and Litner, this model will allow investors to determine the required rate of return for any
6. 6
risky assets. The importance of this theory is how it explains and helps investors and analysts
predict behaviour in the real world but not on the assumptions postulated.
The CAPM requires large number of assumptions, including those initially made by Harry
Markowitz. The Stephen A. Rose developed alternative theory which is called Arbitrage
Pricing Theory (APT). The name arbitrage pricing theory arises from the assumptions that
investor will arbitrage away any differences in the expected return on assets that have the
same risks. The basic assumptions of APT are not that investors are meant variance
maximizes but rather that returns are affected by systematic factors and the return on any
assets over time is called the return generating process.
The study of Edward J. Kane and Stephen A. Buser‟s in title” portfolio diversification at
commercial banks” deals how a firm perform a useful function by holding a portfolio of
efficiently price securities. According to them, it is rational for a firm to engage in prior
round of asset diversification on behalf of its shareholder‟s even when all assets are priced
efficiently and available for direct purchase by shareholders.
Portfolio Management Process: Process of managing an investment portfolio never stops.
Once funds are initially invested according to the plan, work in monitoring and updating the
status of the portfolio and investor needs begins. Following are the steps for portfolio
management process:
1. Policy statement construction: usually focuses on investor‟s short-term and long-term
needs, familiarity with capital market history, and expectations.
2. Investment Strategy: To examine current and projected financial, economic, political, and
social conditions; it focuses on short-term and intermediate-term expected conditions to use
in constructing a specific portfolio
3. Construct the portfolio according to the plan; it focuses on investors needs at minimum risk
levels.
4. Feedback and continual monitoring: to monitor and update investor‟s needs, environmental
conditions, and evaluate portfolio performance. (Reily, K. and Brown, K2003)
2.3 RESEARCH GAP
Makowitz showed that the variance of the rate of return was a meaningful measure of
portfolio risk under a reasonable set of assumptions; this theory indicated the importance of
diversifying the investments to reduce the total risk of the portfolio. CAPM which was
developed by Sharpe and Litner, this model will allow investors to determine the required
rate of return for any risky assets. Most of the researcher has done research on investment
portfolio but they are mainly concern with the rate of return but they don‟t measure the
relationship between investment and other variables. So this study will find out the real
relationship between the investment with deposit, profitability, loan and advance and size of
the bank.
7. 7
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY
Research methodology is the plan, structure and strategy of investigations conceived to
answer the research question or test the research hypothesis and to control variance. Research
methodology refers to the various sequential steps to adopt by a researcher in studying a
problem with certain objective in view. It describes the methods and process applied in the
entire subject of the study. It is the way to study systematically about the research problem.
In order to complete the report various methods will be applied. The data will be collected
from secondary sources. Most of the information will be gathered through the use of annual
report of selected commercial banks. In the same way other secondary information will be
collected from brochures, newspapers, published documents, bank‟s website and other
various websites. It includes research design, sample size and selection process, data
collection procedure and data processing techniques and tools.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design includes specification of the method of the purposed study and detailed
play for carrying out the study with various empirical data for the analysis of the problem. A
research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that aims to combine reference to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
The research design is followed to analyze the loan and investment portfolio of commercial
banks. It is an integrated system that guides the researcher in formulating, implementing &
controlling the study conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions & to control
variance. Both analytical & descriptive methods have been used to attain the overall
objectives.
3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLE
Population refers to all items that have been chosen for the study. Population may be definite
or infinite. A small portion chosen from the population for studying its properties is called
sample. A sample is the representative of the population. Under the study of investment
portfolio analysis of Nepalese commercial banks, the total no. of commercial banks including
domestic and joint venture banks operating in the Nepal is the population. At present there
are 32 commercial banks running in Nepal which is the population size. Out of them, the
selected sample banks for the analysis in this study are as follows:
Table:3.1 : Selected sample banks
S.N Name of Banks Observations
1 Global Bank Ltd. 5
2 Kumari Bank Ltd. 5
8. 8
3 Nepal Investment Bank Ltd. 5
4 Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. 5
5 Standard Charter Bank Nepal Ltd. 5
Total observations 25
This report considers only five commercial banks of Nepal as sample for study purpose out of
32 banks which is 15.62%. This study consist 3 joint venture banks and 2 private domestic
owned banks. It is shown as follows:
Population Size = 32
Sample Size = 5
Sample Percentage = 15.62%
3.4 NATURE AND SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
This study is mainly depends on the use of secondary data that consists of annual reports of
the concerned bank. However besides the annual reports various other sources of data have
also been used for the purpose of the study. The main source of secondary data comprises
annual reports of concerned banks, related journals, newspapers, Internet, official publication,
related studies and thesis etc.
3.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
The relevant data will be collected visiting the concerned banks, Nepal Stock Exchange and
Security Board of Nepal. The review of related study was based on textbooks, official
publications, various journals etc.
3.6 METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
The collected data during the fieldwork is classified into different categories as per their
nature and the purpose of the study. Later, they are thoroughly analyzed. The category of data
was about to be descriptive cum analytical. The relevant data are presented in tabular form
and their relationship will be shown in diagram. The data will be analyzed comparing them.
3.7 MODEL SPECIFICATION:
Regression models involve the following variables:
The unknown parameters, denoted as β, which may represent a scalar or a vector.
The independent variables, X.
The dependent variable, Y.
In various fields of application, different terminologies are used in place of dependent and
independent variables.
9. 9
For the study of investment portfolio also researcher has formulate a regression model. The
model helps to know the relationship between the dependent variable and independent
variables. The model set for the study is as follows:
Model 1:
Inv= a + β1 X1 + β2 X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + ei
Where,
a = Constant variable
Inv = Log of Investment amount
X1= Log of Deposit
X2 = Log of net profit)
X3= Log of Loan and Advances (loan)
X4 = Log of Size of bank (total assets)
This can be shown as follows:
3.8 DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS
In order to make the study more reliable and authentic, statistical tools and financial tool are
used which are believed to make the analysis more convenience.
Statistical Tools
There are various statistical tools have been used to carry out this study. In this study the
following statistical tools are used to analyzed proportion of investment of sample
commercial banks. This analysis comprises the following tools:
Investment
Amount
Deposit
Net profit
Loan and
Advance
Size of the firm
Dependent Variable Independent Variables
10. 10
a. Mean
The arithmetic mean is the "standard" average, often simply called the "mean". The
sum of the entire observations is divided by the number of observation is called mean.
Mean(X) =
Where,
X= Sum of all values of the variable „X‟
N= Number of observations
X= Variables involved
b. Standard Deviation (S.D)
Standard deviation measures the absolute dispersion. A small standard deviation
means a high degree of uniformity of the observation as well as homogeneity of a
series and large standard deviation means just the opposite.
c. Coefficient of variation (C.V)
The coefficient of variation is the relative measure of dispersion. The greater the value
of coefficient of variation, less will be the uniformity or consistency and vice versa.
C.V is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean expressed in percent.
C.V =
Financial Tool
The financial tool used in the study is as follows:
Proportion of investment =
11. 11
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING
This is the most important section of the research study. In this chapter data and information
collected from different sources are classified, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted following
the research methodology described in the third chapter. To achieve the objective of the
research study collected data and information are presented and analyzed comparatively. The
primary purpose of this chapter is to analyze and evaluate the major financial and statistical
items which are directly related to the investment portfolio.
Under this chapter various statistical tools are used which are related to analyze the
investment portfolio of the selected commercial banks. The statistical tools used in this
chapter are mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.
4.1 ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT
Table: 4.1 Proportion of Investment in percentage
FY Global Kumari Nepal SBI NIBL SCB
2006/07 11.01 14.08 19.13 23.58 47.39
2007/08 14.37 14.23 17.97 17.68 41.71
2008/09 12.83 8.15 42.97 13.96 49.86
2009/10 13.20 11.19 42.86 15.07 49.36
S 2010/11 16.67 17.24 41.03 12.72 39.39
Mean 13.61 12.98 32.79 16.60 45.54
S.D 2.09 3.45 13.03 4.31 4.72
C.V 15.3319 26.5475 39.7339 25.9513 10.3646
The above table shows the percentage of investment proportion of sample commercial banks.
It shows five years proportion of investment. In average, SCB has the highest proportion of
investment, which is 45.54%. Likewise, Kumari Bank has the lowest proportion of
investment among five commercial banks. Likewise average percent of proportion of
investment of Global bank, Nepal SBI bank and NIBL are 13.61%, 32.79% and 16.60%
respectively.
In case of coefficient of variation, Nepal SBI Bank has 39.73%, which indicates that there is
high variability or there is no consistency in investment. Likewise, the SCB has the lowest
CV, which is 10.36% among the five commercial banks. The lowest CV indicates that there
is low variability on investment. The CV of Global, Kumari and NIBL are 15.33%, 26.54%
and 25.95% respectively. The S.D of Nepal SBI is high which is 13.03 which shows that
12. 12
there is high risk of investment and the lowest is 2.09 of global bank. In the same way S.D of
Kumari, NIBL and SCB is 26.54%, 25.95% and 4.72% respectively.
Figure 4.1: Proportion of Investment (Mean)
The diagram shows that in average SCB has high proportion of investment and Kumari has
lowest average proportion of investment which is 12.98%. In the same way average percent
of proportion of investment of Global bank, Nepal SBI bank and NIBL are 13.61%, 32.79%
and 16.60% respectively.
Figure: 4.2: Proportion of Investment (Standard Deviation)
The S.D of Nepal SBI is high i.e. 13.03% which shows that there is high risk of investment
and the lowest is 2.09% of global bank. Likewise, S.D of Kumari, NIBL and SCB is 26.54%,
25.95% and 4.72% respectively.
13.61% 12.98%
32.79%
16.60%
45.54%
Global Kumari Nepal SBI NIBL SCB
Proportion of Investment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Global Kumari Nepal SBI NIBL SCB
Proportion of Investment (Standard Deviation)
Proportion of Investment
(Standard Deviation)
13. 13
4.2 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Multivariate analysis (MVA) is based on the statistical principle of multivariate statistics,
which involves observation and analysis of more than one statistical outcome variable at a
time. In design and analysis, the technique is used to perform trade studies across multiple
dimensions while taking into account the effects of all variables on the responses of interest.
In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2
, is used in the context of statistical
models whose main purpose is the prediction of future outcomes on the basis of other related
information. R2
is most often seen as a number between 0 and 1, used to describe how well a
regression line fits a set of data. An R2
near 1 indicates that a regression line fits the data well,
while an R2
close to 0 indicates a regression line does not fit the data very well.
Adjusted R2
is used to compensate for the addition of variables to the model. As more
independent variables are added to the regression model, unadjusted R2
will generally
increase but there will never be a decrease. This will occur even when the additional
variables do little to help explain the dependent variable. To compensate for this, adjusted
R2
is corrected for the number of independent variables in the model. The result is an
adjusted R2
than can go up or down depending on whether the addition of another variable
adds or does not add to the explanatory power of the model. Adjusted R2
will always be
lower than unadjusted.
The results of the ANOVA are presented in an ANOVA table. This table contains columns
labeled "Source", "SS or Sum of Squares", "df - for degrees of freedom", "MS - for mean
square", "F or F-ratio", and "p, prob, probability, sig., or sig. of F". The t-test tells us if the
variation between two groups is "significant". In general, the purpose of analysis of variance
(ANOVA) is to test for significant differences between means. Generally the level of
significant is taken “1%”, “5%” and, “10%”.
TABLE 4.2: SUMMARY OF MODEL 1 WITH INVESTMENT DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .985a
.970 .964 .08896
a. Predictors: (Constant), Deposits, Profit, loan, Size
In the above table dependent variable is investment amount and independent variables used in
the model are deposits, profitability, loan and advance and size of the firm. The table shows
that the adjusted R square is 96.4%. The regression result from adjusted R square indicates
that 96.4% of the variation in Investment is determined by this independent variable. This
shows that dependent variable (Investment) is 96.4% explained by the independent variables
14. 14
used in the model and rests are explained by other variables. Standard error of 0.08 shows
that the coefficient estimate is reliable or that it has a small variability, which means that the
trend is strong.
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 5.083 4 1.271 160.583 .000b
Residual .158 20 .008
Total 5.242 24
a. Dependent Variable: Investment
b. Predictors: (Constant), Deposits, Profit, loan, Size
In the above ANOVA table it is clear that 25 observations are used in the model and
dependent variable is investment amount and independent variables are deposits, profitability,
loan and advance and size of the firm. Also the f-static is significant at the level of 1 percent
which means that the independent variable is able to explain the dependent variable.
Therefore, from the overall model which is determined by the F-statistic probability zero
leading to the rejection of the null and indicates that the overall model is significant at the
level of 1%.
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) -1.298 .782 -1.660 .113
Size 2.420 1.639 1.511 1.477 .155
Profit .016 .026 .041 .612 .547
loan -1.924 .190 -1.072 -10.143 .000
Deposits .521 1.529 .332 .341 .737
a. Dependent Variable: Investment
The above table shows that Size has positive relation with the dependent variable and
indicates statistically insignificant. This indicates that when the size of the firm is large then
the investment of that firm will be more than that of small size firm. In the same way
Profitability has the positive relation with the investment but it is also statistically
insignificant. The loan and advances has the negative relation with the investment which
states that when there is high loan and advances then the firm will low investment as there is
inverse relationship. It is statistically significant at the level of 1%. Deposit has the positive
relationship with the investment which indicates that as deposits increases the investment
amount get increases and is statistically insignificant.
15. 15
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 SUMMARY
Bank is an institution whose main function is to accept deposit and invest it. Bank collects
money from public by providing attractive sound interest and can earn profit by lending it on
mainly in business organization, industrial, agricultural sectors etc. So, we can say the main
task of commercial bank is to mobilize idle resources in productive areas by collecting it
from scattered sources and generating profit. Banking plays significant role in the economic
development of country. Banks role as intermediaries channeling between saving and
investment and fulfill the credit needs of customer as well as investment requirement of
savers. It is clear that efficient and stable banking systems are crucial for an orderly economic
growth. The pace development of country largely depends on the level of financial
development.
In the context of Nepal commercial banks are the only financial institutions, which can play
very important role in the resource mobilization for the economic development in the
country. Commercial bank occupies greater role in the economic development by generating
the saving towards the desired sectors from one place to another, communicating with its
branches and agencies in different parts of the country.
A portfolio simply represents practice among investor of having their funds in more than one
asset. The combination of investment asset is called a portfolio. The investment portfolio
should be carefully analyzed so that the investment should ensure minimum risk and
maximum profit. So, commercial banks should incorporate several elements such as
regulatory environment, the availability of funds, the selection of risk, investment portfolio
balance term structure of the liabilities etc.
Some major findings of the study are as follows:
Standard Charter Bank has the high proportion of investment than other commercial
banks and Kumari Bank Ltd has the lower investment proportion.
Nepal SBI Bank has high variation in investment and Standard Charter Bank has
lower variation.
The ANOVA table shows that overall model is significant.
There is positive relationship of Investment with Size of the firm, Net profit and
Deposit but statistically insignificant.
There is negative relation of investment with Loan and advance and is statistically
significant.
16. 16
5.2CONCLUSION
Commercial Banks play very important role in the economic life of the nation. Commercial
Bank has played important role in developing the economy of the nation. The performance of
the bank leads to the improvement of the national economy. The health of the economy is
closely related to the soundness of its banking system. Although banks create no new wealth
but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of production,
distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. Good management of investment
portfolios of the banks will improve their financial position, which in turn will make it better
able to serve our customers optimally, leading to increased productivity and effectiveness of
banking services and more able to keep up with economic development and global
competition. Proper portfolio management helps to improve the financial position of the
bank.
Standard Charter Bank has high proportion of investment than other banks. In the same way
SCB has less variation in investment than other banks. Nepal SBI bank has high variation in
terms of investment. There is positive relationship of Investment with Size of the firm, Net
profit and Deposit but statistically insignificant. Size of the firm has positive relation with the
dependent variable and indicates statistically insignificant. This indicates that when the size
of the firm is large then the investment of that firm will be more. In the same way
Profitability has the positive relation with the investment but it is also statistically
insignificant. There is negative relation of investment with Loan and advance and is
statistically significant. It states that when the loan and advances increase then the investment
will be decreases. Deposit has the positive relationship with the investment which indicates
that as deposits increases the investment amount get increases and is statistically
insignificant.
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
The investment portfolio should be carefully analyzed so that the investment should ensure
minimum risk and maximum profit. Commercial banks play a dominant role in the money
and capital markets. Thus the importance of commercial banks has emerged as a prime
component of the financial system and has a large impact on the economy. Banks in addition
to the official reserves and to the assets related to monetary policy operations hold other
investments in financial instruments and in real estate.
The commercial banks must have clear investment policy on different securities. SCB must
maintain variation in investment which is less than other banks. It is recommended that Nepal
SBI bank must control its variation which is very high than other banks. Commercial banks
must increase its net profit and deposit in order to increase its investment. Investment is
directly related to the deposit, size of the firm and net profit, thus commercial bank must
focus to increase these items in order to increase the investment of the bank.