This document discusses students with special needs and their education. It notes that approximately 10% of students require special education services to reach their full potential. These services are mandated by law and can include specialized instruction, materials, teaching techniques, or equipment. Students may receive services in general education classes, through consultation or from special education teachers. The continuum of placement options ranges from full inclusion to separate schools, depending on individual student needs. Teacher roles include both general and special educators collaborating to implement accommodations and ensure access to education for students with disabilities.

1. STUDENTS with SPECIAL Needs

2. Free Appropriate Education (FAPE)Exceptional learners are those who require special education if they are to reach their full human potential.

3. Some Disabilities are Physically Evident others aren’t

4. 4Allyn and Bacon 2012PrevalenceApproximately 10 in every 100 students are identified as exceptional and receive special education.Over 5 million students in the U.S. receive special education services.Changes in prevalence for certain disabilities.

5. Categories of Disability Under IDEIAAutism Speech or language impairmentsOrthopedic impairments Hearing impairmentsDeaf/blindness Traumatic brain injury Other health impairments Cognitive DisabilitiesDevelopmental delays Visual impairmentsSpecific learning disabilities Multiple disabilities Emotional disturbance

6. 5Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003Special Educationmeans specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student.Possible forms of Special Education: Special materials Specialized teaching techniques Specialized equipment Related services

7. Special Education is not a placeLevels of integration.How and how much the student differs from average students.Resources available in the school and community.Least Restrictive Environment.

8. Continuum of Placement Options

9. Most Physically IntegratedGeneral Education class only

10. Special education consultation

11. Itinerant teacher

12. Resource teacher

13. Diagnostic-prescriptive center

14. Hospital or homebound instruction

15. Self-contained class

16. Special day school

17. Residential schoolLeast Physically Integrated7Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003

18. Individuals with Disability ActChild FindZero RejectFree Appropriate EducationNon-discriminatory assessmentParent Consent and due processLeast Restrictive Environment

19. 6Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003Legal MandatesIDEIAGuarantees free appropriate education to students who are not making adequate educational progressIf the child has a disability that adversely affects educational performance, the child is eligible for special education services under IDEASection 504 Plans “A physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities.”ObesityDiabeticsHIV

20. Students with Learning DisabilitiesAptitude achievement discrepancyA learning disability can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. The skills most often affected are: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and doing math.

21. Autism one of Fastest growing categoriesWide range of abilitiesMajority have cognitive disabilitiesSocial skillsLanguage

22. Reasons for Increase in DisabilitiesChildren living in poverty, poor nutritionBabies born to teenage mothersBabies born to mothers with poor prenatal care, nutritionBabies born with low birth weightEnvironmental hazardsChildren subjected to abuseCuts in social programs and services

23. 8Teacher’s RolesModerate proponents Suggest that general educators take more responsibility for students with disabilitiesRadical proponentsRecommend that special education be eliminated as a separate, identifiable part of education

24. General Education Teachers’ RoleHave access to the individualized education program;Shall be knowledgeable of the content of the individualized education program; and Shall be informed specific responsibilities related to implementing a pupil's individualized education programUnderstand and implement the specific accommodations, modifications and supports student entitled to. See California Education Code Section 56347

25. Identify and understand accommodations and modifications specified on the IEPEnsure that accommodations & modifications are being implemented

26. ENSURING ACCESSGrades cannot be reduced for students with IEP and receiving accommodations or specialized instruction.Modify instruction to meet students needsHold student to high expectations

27. RememberBy the time a students with a disability has been identified he/she has failed academically.By the time the student reaches middle school or high school—years of failure

28. Questions