Introduction to social science

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International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

This document provides an introduction and overview of a social science session at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The session will include oral presentations on topics related to IITA's social science strategy, including ex ante impact assessment, technology adoption studies, gender research, policy analysis, and ex post impact evaluation. It will also feature a poster session showcasing 25 recent and upcoming papers across various IITA research programs. The social science team at IITA conducts research across continents and crop improvement research programs, with most funding coming from Windows 1 and 2 sources.

Science

IITA Refreshed Strategy
‘To lift over 11.6 million Africans out of
poverty and turn 7.5 million ha of land
into sustainable use’

IITA Products and KPI Poverty
IITA innovations
Improved
Germplasm
GAP & IPMSLU
Innovations
Knowledge,
PH, IPs, …
Crop Improvement
&
Biotechnology
Natural
Resource
Management
Social
Science &
Agribusiness
Plant
Productio
n & Plant
Health
IITA Goals
EXPOSURE & ADOPTION

Research on Social Science & Agribiz:
Guiding Framework
Ex ante impact
(Priority setting, Baseline studies,
Foresight modeling)
Evaluation
(technical, economic,
social, environmental)
Adoption
(Adoption studies)
Ex post impact
(e.g. Economic returns,
KPI-Poverty studies)
Situation Analysis
INNOVATION
GENERATION
(Germplasm, SLU,
Posthvst, IPM, IP..)
SCALING OUT
DISSEMINATIONSCALING UP
DISSEMINATION

Ex ante impact
Evaluation
Adoption
Ex post impact
Situation Analysis
INNOVATION
GENERATION
SCALING OUT
DISSEMINATION
SCALING UP
DISSEMINATION
PoliciesClimate change
Institutions
Markets
Other Factors

Social Science Session
Today
• Part I: Oral presentations with 5 papers on the SS strategy
– Topics chosen from 2015 publications but one
– Speakers: Senior and junior scientists
== Time for presentation: 15 minutes each

Social Science Session
Today: Part I (Cont)
• Part I: Oral presentations with 5 papers on the SS strategy
– Topics chosen from 2015 publications but one
– Speakers: Senior and junior scientists
== Time for presentation: 15 minutes each
Ex ante impact
assessment of GMB BXW
(PLoS ONE, 2015) (Obj1)
Multi-stakeholder
platforms (Scaling
strategies to increase
impact) (Exp Agric, 2015 &
Agr Syst, in press) (Obj 5)
Gender (Adoption of
innovations) (JFAE, 2015)
(Obj 3)
Policy (Agricultural markets,
policy and institutional
arrangements) (Obj 4)
Ex-post impact (Ex post
impact assessment) (JF,
2015) (Obj 6)

Social Science Session
Today
• Part II: Poster session with 25 posters
– Published and yet to be published papers
– Approaches: quantitative, qualitative or both
– Various CRPs and hubs
– Speakers: Senior and junior scientists and postgraduate
students
== Shorter poster presentation (1 minute each) in Plenary
followed by Poster discussion

IITA Social Science and
Agribusiness Scientists
 Across CRPs
 Geographic location
5
6
10
18
39
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
SA CA EA WA Total
 Source of Funds
29%
71%
100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
W1&2 W3 Total
 Economists, rural
sociologists, anthropologists,
political scientists

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Fundamentals of economics

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This document provides an overview of key economic concepts including: 1. Economics studies how to maximize a country's wealth given limited resources. It examines concepts like marginal benefit and cost. 2. Production possibilities curves illustrate the tradeoffs between different goods that can be produced. Economic growth comes from increasing resources and technology. 3. Different economic systems (capitalism, communism, socialism) have varying roles of government in production and pricing. Countries with freer markets tend to have higher standards of living. 4. Most countries have mixed economies with substantial private sector activity and significant government spending and regulation.

The document discusses how the basic economic problems of what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce are solved differently in capitalist, socialist, and mixed economies. In a capitalist economy, the price mechanism determines solutions through market forces of supply and demand. In a socialist economy, a central planning authority makes production and distribution decisions. In a mixed economy, the price mechanism and private sector interact with government intervention through fiscal and monetary policies to influence economic outcomes.

What Is Economics?

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Introduction To Economics

dheva B

Economics is defined as the study of how societies, governments, businesses, households, and individuals allocate scarce resources. It can be divided into microeconomics, which examines individual agents and markets, and macroeconomics, which looks at an overall economy and issues like growth, inflation, and employment. Economics provides positive analysis, which objectively describes economic situations, as well as normative analysis, which makes recommendations about what economic policies and outcomes would be most desirable.

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siraj2762268

1. Economics can be defined in several ways including as the science of wealth, welfare, scarcity, and growth and development. 2. Originally defined by Adam Smith as the science of wealth, focusing on the production and distribution of material goods. Later definitions broadened the scope to include welfare. 3. Current definitions often frame economics as the study of how societies allocate scarce resources to meet unlimited wants, known as the science of scarcity. However, this definition fails to explain some economic phenomena like unemployment.

Nature and scope of economics

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International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

The document discusses managing climate-driven biological risks through a One Health approach. It outlines strategies such as developing early warning and rapid response systems through a farmer interface app connected to pest forecasting tools. The document also discusses building capacity, especially among youth, on modeling species distributions under climate change scenarios. Climate change is expected to impact insect distributions and life cycles, threatening food security. An integrated approach considering human, animal, and ecosystem health is needed to address emerging risks.

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