The document provides an overview of nursing research, including the importance of research, different types of research designs, and the major phases of the research process. It discusses how nursing research applies the scientific method to study topics relevant to nursing practice. The goal is to improve patient care by integrating research findings into clinical decision making. The document also outlines key concepts in research methodology, such as variables, data collection, rigor, and sampling.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
steps in nursing research include several points
1) terminologies related to nursing research
2) phases of nursing research
3) conceptual phase
4) planning phase
5) analytic phase
6) communication phase
Hisrorical evelotion and trends in nursing researchdeepakkv1991
AS AN NURSE THIS IS MY CONTRIBUTION TO ALL MY FELLOW NURSES SO THAT THEY GET AN OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND AND LEARN ABOUT THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN NURSING.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
steps in nursing research include several points
1) terminologies related to nursing research
2) phases of nursing research
3) conceptual phase
4) planning phase
5) analytic phase
6) communication phase
Hisrorical evelotion and trends in nursing researchdeepakkv1991
AS AN NURSE THIS IS MY CONTRIBUTION TO ALL MY FELLOW NURSES SO THAT THEY GET AN OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND AND LEARN ABOUT THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN NURSING.
Thesis Writing
Parts of a Research (Experimental Design)
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
References
Appendix
Curriculum Vitae
FORM AND STYLE IN RESEARCH WRITING
Defination, types, importance of research methods. Characteristics, methods of research, Qualitative & Quantitative research, Objectives of research, difference of research methods, research in pharmacy, criteria for good research
ACTIVITY 1
Chosen Research Design: Qualitative
Why do you think this design is appropriate to your research interest?
Based on my understanding of qualitative research, I believe it can be appropriate for certain types of research questions. In my view, qualitative research is particularly useful for exploring complex phenomena, gaining insights into people's experiences and perspectives, and developing theory. I also recognize that it can be valuable in applied settings, such as healthcare or social work, where understanding people's experiences is crucial for improving practice.
Guide Questions
1. Did you remember the research design listed in the table?
YES, I have remembered all the research design listed in the table.
2. What other research designs did you recall which is/ are not listed in the table?
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study
Survey Research
Action Research
Participatory Action Research
Grounded Theory
Ethnographic Research
3. Was it easy or hard to determine the research design to be used in your selected topic or interest?
For me, it is easy because in the first place I already have an idea where to start. I believe when you select a topic, you already considered what design you will use.
4. What are the factors that you consider in selecting a research design for your study?
As a researcher, I must consider various factors when selecting a qualitative research design for my study. These include the research question, the purpose of the study, the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and the available resources and time frame. Additionally, I must reflect on my own philosophical and theoretical perspectives to ensure that the chosen design aligns with my worldview and research goals.
Reflection
How does research design make your study colorful/ interesting?
As a researcher, I have come to appreciate how qualitative research design can add color and interest to a study. By using methods such as open-ended interviews, observations, and document analysis, I can capture the rich and complex experiences, perspectives, and contexts of the participants. This type of research allows me to delve deeper into the phenomenon being studied and gain a more nuanced understanding of it.
One of the benefits of using qualitative research is the ability to create vivid descriptions, quotes, and narratives that add depth and meaning to the study. It's fascinating to see how the data can come to life and offer a unique perspective on the topic. Additionally, I've found that unexpected findings often emerge during qualitative research, which can add to the intrigue and interest of the study.
Overall, I believe that qualitative research design offers a powerful way to explore the intricacies and nuances of human experience. It enables me to create a study that is more compelling and engaging, as well as provides insights that cannot be obtained through other research methods.
ACTIVITY 2: TELL ME THE QUANTITY
Directions: Read the qu
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. Think about this…for
later discussion
A Philanthropist puts a
notice on the bulletin
board at your school or
work setting. She wrote
that she is willing to fund a
$200,000 nursing study in
the name of her deceased
mother who was cared for
by “wonderful nurses.”
She is asking for
suggestions. What one
study would you suggest?
3. Nursing Research
Why is a course in research
methods part of this
program???
What are your gut feelings
about taking this class???
Are you…
excited?
full of dread?
fearful
curious
angry
ready for this whole thing to
be over?!
4. Research and the
Consumer
Science produces knowledge
This knowledge provides
society with more choices…or
does it control our choices?
Can be used to manipulate
Can imply info which isn’t
necessarily “fact”
5. What do I believe???
One study “says” to do one
thing; another study says that
I should do the opposite!
What is a person to do?
6. Read the study?
Do you simply
accept the
findings
because they
are “scientific?”
How do you
know which
studies are
credible?
This course will
help!
7. Why get excited
about research?
“The essence of
all research
originates in
curiosity - a
desire to find
out how and
why things
happen”
How can…?
Why is…?
What is the best
way to…?
What
causes…?
What are the
effects of…?
I wonder...
8. Importance of
Nursing Research
Nurses ask questions aimed at
gaining new knowledge to
improve pt. care
Research-based (evidence
based) practice = integrating
research findings into clinical
decision making
9. Importance of
Nursing Research
Accountability for care-related
decisions; research expands
nursing practice
Reinforce identity of nursing
as a profession – knowing/
understanding pts. health
care experience
10. History of Nursing
Research
Began with Nightingale and
Crimean War- mid 1800s
Early 1900s – problems in nursing:
education, staffing issues
1960s Practice oriented research;
first nursing research journals
1983 - ANA Center for Research
for Nursing
11. History of Nursing
Research
1986 - National Center for
Nursing Research (NIH);
awards/grants to support
nursing research & training
1993 – Re-designated at NIH
as the National Institute of
Nursing Research (NINR)
14. Scientific Method
2 Unique Characteristics:
Objectivity – distance
research from personal
beliefs, values, attitudes
Why???
Empirical Data –
documenting objective
data through direct
observation = reality
16. Nursing Research
Application of
scientific method to
areas of interest to
nursing
Primarily involves
studying people –
People do not
behave
consistently as do
objects/chemicals
in a laboratory!
This poses special challenges!
19. Qualitative Research
Evaluate subjective life
experiences and give meaning to
them
Focuses on understanding
phenomena from an individual’s
perspective
Approaches: observation, in-depth
interviews, case studies, narrative
20. Triangulation
Using both quantitative and
qualitative methods to collect
data
May combine various research
designs/data collection
techniques in the same study –
combine psychosocial surveys,
interviews, observations
Two approaches are
complimentary and can give an
accurate reflection of reality.
22. Concept of Variable
Measurable characteristic
that varies among subjects
Research is conducted
because this variance occurs!
Types:
Independent – presumed
cause
Dependent – presumed
effect
23. Data
Pieces of information obtained in
a study
Are the actual “values” of the
study variables
Quantitative - numeric values
Qualitative - narrative
descriptions
24. Concept of RIGOR
Striving for excellence in
research. Involves:
Discipline
Adherence to detail
Strict accuracy!
Uses precise measurement
tools
25. Concept of
CONTROL
Using “rules” to decrease error
and increase probability that
study findings are an accurate
reflection of reality
Ensure results that reflect true
relationship among variables
Reduction of the influence of
unwanted “extraneous” variables
26. Concept of
SAMPLING
Who/what do you want to
study?
Choosing subjects who are
“representative” of the study
population
Random & Non-Random
Sampling
27. Concept of SETTING
Location of the study - can affect
results
Natural Setting: Uncontrolled, real
life situation
Partially Controlled: Manipulated or
modified in some way
Highly Controlled: Artificial
environment for sole purpose of
doing research. Decreases effects
of outside influences.
28. Some Myths About
Research
The purpose of research is to
“prove” or “confirm” a theory.
Research findings are presented as
complete and conclusive answers.
There is a hierarchy of research
methodology that places true
“experimental” research at the top.
29. Intro to the
Research Process
Involves decision making - what
methods will help to answer a
research question/test a
hypothesis?
Is flexible - multiple possibilities,
each with its own
strengths/weaknesses
Is a circular process
30. The Research
Process
What do I want to know?
Does anyone else know anything
about this?
I’ll make an educated guess about
what I think the answer to my
question will be.
Here’s what I’m going to do to try to
answer my question.
31. The Research
Process
I’ll try to make sense out of all
this info I’ve collected.
What did I find? Was my
hunch supported?
What do I want to know
now???
32. Major Phases in the
Research Process
1. Selecting and defining the
problem in need of
investigation
2. Selecting a research design
3. Collecting data
4. Analyzing data
5. Utilizing the Findings
33. Phase 1
Selecting and defining the problem
(area of research)
ID a question or area where
knowledge can be advanced
Review related literature for
rationale to do study
ID theoretical framework for
interpreting results (maybe) (see
chap 3)
Propose research question and/or
hypothesis
34. Phase 2
Choose study or research design
ID Study Population (chap 8)
Design Sampling Plan (chap 11)
Define how will variables be
measured
Setting
How data will be collected - tools
Pilot Study - Revisions
35. Phase 3
Data Collection - according to pre-
established plan (implements the plans
designed in Phase I & II) (chap 9)
recruiting
obtaining consent
training staff
collecting data
Organization of the data
How do you analyze the data?
(must be appropriate form)
May be the longest phase of the
research process
36. Phase 4
Data Analysis
Interpret findings
Draw conclusions
Hypothesis is supported or
rejected (chap 10)
How best to utilize findings?
New question formulated? (can
lead to new questions that can
stimulate further study)
37. Phase 5
Disseminate findings - Share
findings with colleagues
May report findings in journal
articles, oral presentations,
poster presentations
Utilize findings - use in nursing
practice
39. Types of Research:
Basic Vs. Applied
Basic or “Pure” Research:
Pursuit of knowledge or finding
truth
Generates, refines or tests
theory
Often uses laboratory setting
Findings may not be directly
useful in practice
May be used later in
development of
treatment/drug/theory
40. Basic Vs. Applied
Applied or “Practical” Research
Knowledge intended to directly
influence clinical practice
Conducted in actual practice
conditions
Solve problems, make decisions,
predict/control outcomes
Evaluate interventions
Test/validate theories
Evaluate “Basic” research
knowledge for usefulness
41. The research findings contribute
to some modifications of present
practices.
Ie: patient care, education,
administration
42. Experimental vs.
nonexperimental
Experimental:
Researcher
manipulates or
controls variable(s)
and observes effect
in other variable(s)
Evaluates cause
and effect
relationship
Ex: Does a pre-op
intervention program
to ↑ self efficacy
affect self care
measures post-op?
Nonexperimental:
Describes or looks
at relationships(s) or
correlation between
variables.
Variables are not
manipulated by the
researcher
Ex: Correlation
between HRT use
and breast CA
44. Correlation
Research
Relationships between and
among variables
Collection of data on at least 2
variables for the same group of
individuals
Calculator-the correlation
between the measurer
Highest number of research
studies in nursing are classified
as description correlation design
45. Time dimension:
Retrospective vs.
Prospective
Retrospective:
Examines data
already collected
in the past
Ex: Review of
medical records
to examine
previous history in
of cholesterol
levels in s/p MI
patients
Prospective:
examines data
being collected in
the present
Ex: Study
describing social
support and
coping
mechanisms of
women with
ovarian CA
48. Our views have
increased the mark
of the 10,000
Thank you viewers
Looking forward to franchise,
collaboration, partners.
49. This platform has been
started by Parveen Kumar
Chadha with the vision
that nobody should suffer
the way he has suffered
because of lack and
improper healthcare
facilities in India. We need
lots of funds manpower
etc. to make this vision a
reality please contact us.
Join us as a member for a
noble cause.