This document discusses quantitative research, defining it as research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to explain phenomena. It notes that quantitative research aims to be objective and reliable by reducing problems to variables that can be measured. The document outlines key characteristics of quantitative research, including that it tests hypotheses, looks at relationships between variables, and generalizes findings from a sample to a population. It also discusses advantages like objectivity and replicability, as well as disadvantages like ignoring context. Finally, it explores the importance of quantitative research in fields like education, business, medicine, science and technology.

2. Lesson 1:
Inquiry vs.
Research:
A Review
After this lesson, you should be able to:
1. relate an unfamiliar term with other terms
to discover the meaning of such difficult term;
2. explain the meaning of research in relation
to inquiry;
3. point out the similarities and differences of
research and inquiry

3. WHAT IS
INQUIRY?
✔Inquiry, a term that is
synonymous with the word
‘investigation,’ is the answer to
this question. When you inquire
or investigate, you tend to ask
questions to prove or examine
something.

4. WHAT IS
RESEARCH?
✔The word Research was coined
from the French word “certhier”
which means seek. The prefix
“re” means to repeat.
✔Literally, research is to repeat
looking for something. Research
signifies finding the truth again
about ideas and problems which
were in existence before in
different perspective.

5. Inquiry vs. Research
Inquiry is a process that has the aim of augmenting
knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem
Research is a formal work undertaken systematically to
increase the stock of knowledge.

6. Characteristics of
Research
Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive
manner of thinking. Starting from particular to more
complex ideas, you execute varied thinking acts that
range from lower-order to higher-order thinking
strategies reflected by these research activities:
identifying the topic or problem, gathering data,
making theories, formulating hypotheses, analyzing
data, and drawing conclusions.

7. Method of
Research
To be a researcher is to be a
scientist, who must think
logically or systematically; that
is, your research activities must
follow a certain order, like doing
inductive thinking that makes
you ponder on specific ideas
first, then move to more
complex concepts like
conclusions or generalizations.

8. ASSIGNMENT

9. Directions: Explain your understanding of inquiry and research by answering the
following questions.
1. Compare and contrast Inquiry and Research. (Venn Diagram)
2. Which is easier to carry out: Inquiry or Research? Give reasons for your answer.
3. How can a researcher be a scientist?
4. What if you do things randomly in research, what will be the consequences?
5. Should you immediately concern yourself with data analysis prior to research
approach? Why? Why not?

10. 6. Could Inquiry and Research go together? Explain your point.
7. What do you think of this line: Inquiry occurs completely with excessive
familiarity with the physical looks of an object?
8. Do these two words, Inquiry and Research, somehow indicate strength of
character?
9. Have you had an application of Inquiry and Research in your day-to-day life?
Explain.
10. Name some institutions or organizations that often engage themselves in
inquiry and research. Describe their ways of doing it.

11. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:
ITS DEFINITION, TYPES, PURPOSES,
AND GOALS
WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

12. DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Quantitative research, according to Aliaga and Gunderson, (2000), is
“explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed
using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics)”.
 This type of research utilizes numbers and statistical analysis.
 It is ideal in studying phenomenon which must content with the
problems of measurement.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. It is reliable and objective.
2. It uses statistics to generalize a finding.
3. It reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited
number of variables.
4. It looks at the connections between variables and establishes
cause and effect relationships in highly controlled
circumstances.

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
5. It tests theories or hypotheses.
6. It assumes that the sample is representative of the population.
7. The subjectivity of its methodology is a secondary concern.
8. It deals with the details of the subject.

15. ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. It allows the researcher to measure and analyze the data to arrive at
an objective answer to the problem posed or stated.
2. The result is reliable since the study uses a big sample of the
population.
3. Standards are usually used in choosing the instruments, in sampling
procedures, and in choosing the most appropriate statistical treatment,
thus making the research replicable.

16. ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
4. Personal biases can be avoided since personal interaction is
not part of the research process.
5. Processes involved are simplified since the steps in doing
quantitative research are made easy and systematic.
6. Result can be reduced through statistical treatments and
interpreted in a few statements.

17. DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1.. The context of the study of the experiment is ignored in such a way
that it does not consider the natural setting where study is conducted
2. Having a large study sample requires researchers to spend more
resources.
3. Result are limited since they are usually based on the analysis of
numbers and are not obtained from detailed narratives.
4. It provides less elaborate accounts of human perceptions.

18. DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
5. In experiment research, the level of control might not be normally
placed in the real world because it is usually done in a laboratory.
6. Preset or fixed alternative answer may not necessarily reflect the true
answers of the participants.
7. Findings can be influenced by the researcher’s perspective since most
of the time, the participants are unknown to him/her.

19. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN
DIFFERENT FIELDS
- Most areas of study have to deal with processes that
involve experimentations, tests, and research.
- In these situations, quantitative measures are more or
less involved.
- In validating result or findings, quantitative research
can be useful.

20. EDUCATION
 Quantitative research can be used in measuring the level of
performance of students as well as the teachers.
 It can also be used to assess the effectiveness of the methods used,
the different programs conducted, and the satisfaction of all
stakeholders in the educational sector including students, faculty,
parents, administrators, the community, the government, and non-
governmental organizations.

21. BUSINESS
 Quantitative research is a very valuable tool in
business when it is used intelligently.
 It can improve the overall marketing strategy; help the
company make informed decisions on how to move
forward with a particular product or service; and even
solicit consumer’s opinions for productivity.

22. MEDICAL AND HEALTH ALLIED SERVICE
Since health practitioners are concerned with
human life, the discharge of their duties is very
critical.
Thus, healthcare procedures, routines, and
other systems must be based on the result of
scientific investigation.

23. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 The noted observation for a phenomenon, the rate of
processing of certain devices, and the time consumed for
any procedure are factors to be considered.
 The data collected will lead to a more responsible and
accountable operation of the different components of
technology.