Experimental Research Design

1. Experimental Research DesignsExperimental Research Designs
Dr. Brij Kishore Prasad
Associate Professor (HOD)
Institute of Professional Studies(IPS), Gwalior

2. Experimental Research DesignsExperimental Research Designs
Experimental Research Designs is the blue print of
procedure which enables the researcher to test
hypothesis by reaching valid conclusions about
relationship between dependent and independent
variables.
The selection of the design is based on the purpose of
experiment, the type of variable and the condition or
delimitations.

3. Experimental Research Designs is subdivided into Four (4)
categories mainly:
1. Pre Experimental Research Design
(Single Time Testing)
2. True Experimental Research Design
(Experimental and control group selected randomly)
3. Quasi Experimental Research Design
(Groups are not selected randomly)
4. Misc Experimental Research Design

4. Classification of Experimental Research DesignsClassification of Experimental Research Designs
S. No Pre ERD True ERD Quasi ERD Misc ERD
1. One Short
(One Group)
Randomised
Group Design
(Two or more
Groups)
Reverse Design
(One Group)
Factorial
Design
(Two or more
Groups)
2. One Group Pre-
Post Test
(One Group)
Pre Post test
Randomised
Design
(Two or more
Groups)
Time Series
Design
(One Group)
Latin Square
Design
(Two or more
Groups)
3. Static Group
Pre-Post Test
(Two Group)
Soloman 3 or 4
Group Design
(3-4 Group)
Non Equivalent
Design
(Two or more
Groups)
Nil

5. Pre Experimental Research DesignsPre Experimental Research Designs
One or Single ERD
(Single Group)
The One-Shot is a design in which a group of subjects are administered a
treatment and then measured (or observed).
Design:
Treatment – Post Test
(G – T – O)

6. Pre Experimental Research DesignsPre Experimental Research Designs
Single/One Group Pre Post Test ERD
(Single Group)
In this design, single group is used its pre-test is measured and then treatment is
given and finally post test is done to collect the final data.
Design:
Pre Test - Treatment - Post Test
(G – Opre – T – Opost)

7. Pre Experimental Research DesignsPre Experimental Research Designs
Static Group ERD
(Two Groups)
In this design, two different groups are used, but only one of them is given the
experimental treatment and at the end both groups post test is taken.
Design:
Experimental Group : Treatment – Post Test
(G – Opre – T – Opost)
Control Group: No Treatment – Post Test
(G – X – Opost)

8. True Experimental Research DesignsTrue Experimental Research Designs
Randomised Group ERD
(Two or more Groups)
This design is similar to the Static Group design except than an attempt is made to selected
two or more groups randomly using different random sampling technique.
Only experimental groups is given treatment and at the end all the groups post test is done.
Their may be more than one experimental as well as control group.
Design:
Experimental Group 1: Random Group - Treatment One– Post Test
(RG – T1 – Opost)
Experimental Group 2: Random group - Treatment Two– Post Test
(RG – T2 – Opost)
Control Group1: No Treatment – Post Test
(RG – X – Opost)
Control Group2: No Treatment – Post Test
(RG – X – Opost)

9. True Experimental Research DesignsTrue Experimental Research Designs
Pre Post test Randomised ERD
(Two or more Groups)
This design adds a pre-test to the previous design (Random Group design) as a
check on the degree of comparability of the control and experimental groups
before the treatment is given.
Design:
Experimental Group : Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test
(RG – Opre -- T – Opost)
Control Group : Random Group - Pre Test -- No Treatment – Post Test
(RG – Opre --X – Opost)

10. Pre Post test Randomised ERD
(Two or more Groups)

11. True Experimental Research DesignsTrue Experimental Research Designs
Soloman 3/4 ERD
(Two or more Groups)
This type of design is used on large population only. The groups are randomly divided
followed by the pre test which is followed by the treatment and the final test.
This can also includes post test only or pre test post test random design both depending
upon the situation separately or simultaneously.
The comparison will be made between the group vertically in case of pre test and post.
Design:
Experimental Group 1: Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test
(RG – Opre -- T1 – Opost)
Experimental Group 2: Random Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test
(RG – Opre -- T2 – Opost)
Control Group 1: Random Group – No Pre Test -- Treatment – Post Test
(RG – X -- T – Opost)
Control Group 2: Random Group – No Treatment -- No Treatment – Post Test
(RG – X -- X – Opost)

12. Quasi Experimental Research DesignsQuasi Experimental Research Designs
Reverse Design ERD
(One Group)
This is the variation of single group design but more than one treatment is given
to the group. An initial test is taken followed by the application of treatment 1
which is followed by re test followed by application of treatment 2 and then final
test.
Design
Experimental Group : Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test
(G – O1 -- T1 – O2 – T2 – O3 )

13. Quasi Experimental Research DesignsQuasi Experimental Research Designs
Time Series Design
(One Groups)
In this design only one group is evolved but many observations will be recorded
to see the effect of treatment or change due to the treatment. Many test are
taken followed by a treatment which is again followed by many post tests.
Design:
Experimental Group:
Group - Pre Test 1 – Pre Test 2 – Pre Test 3 --Treatment – Post Test1 – Post Test 2 – Post Test 3.
(G – Opre1 -- Opre2 -- Opre3--T – Opost1 -- Opost2 – Opost3)

14. Quasi Experimental Research DesignsQuasi Experimental Research Designs
Non Equivalent Design
(Two or more Groups)
It is structured like a pre post test randomized experiment, but it lacks the key
feature of the random selection of group.
Design:
Experimental Group : Group - Pre Test --Treatment – Post Test
(G – Opre -- T – Opost)
Control Group : Group - Pre Test -- No Treatment – Post Test
(G – X -- T – Opost)

15. Other Experimental Research DesignsOther Experimental Research Designs
Factorial ERD
(Two or more Groups)
A factorial design is often used by scientists
wishing to understand the effect of two or
more independent variables upon a
single dependent variable.
Design:
Experimental Group 1 : Random Group - --Treatment 1,1 – Post Test
(RG – T1, 1 – Opost)
Experimental Group 2 : Random Group - --Treatment 1, 2 – Post Test
(RG – T1, 2 – Opost)
Experimental Group 3 : Random Group - --Treatment 2,1 – Post Test
(RG – T2, 1 – Opost)
Experimental Group 4 : Random Group - --Treatment 2, 2 – Post Test
(RG – T2, 2 – Opost)

16. Other Experimental Research DesignsOther Experimental Research Designs
Latin square ERD
(Two or more Groups)
A researcher may wish to use several different treatments in the same
experiment, for example the relative effects of an assortment of perhaps three
or more drugs in combination in which the sequence of administration may
produce different results.
Design:
Row I A B C D
Row II C D A B
Row III D C B A
Row IV B A D C
Column 1 2 3 4

17. Other Experimental Research DesignsOther Experimental Research Designs
Latin square ERD
(Two or more Groups)
3X3 Square
A diagram of a three treatment Latin Square design is:
RG--TA—O1--TB—O2--TC--O3
RG--TB—O1--TC—O2--TA--O3
RG--TC—O1--TA—O2--TB--O3
Rows
Columns
A B C
B C A
C A B

18. Thank YouThank You
Dr. Brij Kishore Prasad
Associate Professor (HOD)
Institute of Professional Studies(IPS), Gwalior