Introduction to Multimedia
BY : Selma Abdelbagi Ibrahim
What is Multimedia
• Multimedia means that computer information can be
represented through audio, video, and animation in
addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics drawings,
images).
• A good general definition is:
• Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer-
controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, images
,Video, animation, audio, and any other media where
every type of information can be represented, stored,
transmitted and processed digitally.
Multimedia Systems
• A Multimedia System is a system capable of
processing multimedia data and applications.
• A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:
 Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
 The information they handle must be represented
digitally.
 The interface to the final presentation of media is
usually interactive.
 Multimedia systems are integrated.
Desirable Features for a Multimedia
System
 Very High Processing Power:
• To deal with large data processing and real time
delivery of media.
• Special hardware commonplace.
 Capable File System
• To deliver real-time media -- e.g. Video/Audio
Streaming.
• Special Hardware/Software needed
Desirable Features for a Multimedia
System
 Data Representations/File Formats
• should be easy to handle yet allow for compression
/decompression in real-time.
 Efficient and High I/O
 Special Operating System
 Large Storage and Memory
 Network Support
 User friendly Software Tools
Components of a Multimedia System
 Capture devices
• -- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Keyboards, mice.
 Storage Devices
• Hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVD, etc
• Communication Networks
• Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, Intranets, Internets.
• Computer Systems
• Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations
 Display Devices
• speakers, monitors, Colour printers etc.
Multimedia information
representation
• Applications involving text and images comprise
blocks of digital data
 Text: block of characters with each represented by a
fixed number of bits (codeword)
• Digitized Image : comprises a two dimensional
block of what are called picture elements with each
element represented by a fixed number of bits .
• Application involving audio and video represented
by analog signal
Multimedia information
representation
• In application that involve a single type of media the
basic form of representation of the particular media
type is often used .
• In the applications that involve text and images or
audio and video their basic form is often use since the
two media types have the same form of representation
• In application that involve the different media type
integrated in some way it becomes necessary to
represent all media types in a digital form.
Multimedia networks
• Telephone networks
• Data networks
• Broadcast television netwoks
 Cable network
 Satellite network
• Integrated services digital networks(ISDN)
• Broadband multiservice networks (B-ISDN)
 ATM
 Frame Rely
Multimedia applications
• A Multimedia Application is an Application which
uses a collection of multiple media sources e.g. text,
graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or
video.
• They can be placed into one of three categories :
 Interpersonal communications
 Interactive application over internet
 Entertainment applications
Interpersonal Communications
Speech only :
 Telephony
• Provided using PSTN/ISDN/cellular phone network.
• User can take part in telephone calls through the PC.
• This required computer telephony integration (CTI)
 Voice mail:
• Spoken message is left in voice mailbox located in
voice mail server.
Interpersonal Communications
 Teleconferencing calls:
• Multiple interconnected telephones/PC.
• Each person can hear and talk to all of the others
involved in the call.
 VoIP:
• Telephony over the internet is also known packet
voice
Interpersonal Communications
Image only:
• Exchange of electronic image of document Over
PSTN / ISDN .
• This simply known as fax.
• To send a document the sender keys in the telephone
number of intended recipient and a circuit is set up
through the network in the same way as for a
telephone call.
Interpersonal Communications
Text only :
• An example is electronic mail over the internet.
• Associated with each network is a set of one or more
server computers (e-mail server) that contain a
mailbox for each user.
Text and image
• An example is computer-supported cooperative
working (CSCW) .
• A distributed group of people –each in his or her
place of work-are all working on the same project.
Interpersonal Communications
• A window on each person’s display is used as a shared
workspace/ whiteboard.
• The display comprises text and images integrated
together.
• The software associated with CSCW comprises a central
program known as whiteboard program that is made up of
tow parts: a change notification part and an update control
part.
• Whenever a member of the group updates the contents of
his or her white board, the change notification part sends
details of the changes to the whiteboard program.
Interpersonal Communications
• This relays the changes to the update control in each
of the other PCs which in turn proceed to update the
contents of their copy of the whiteboard.
 Speech and video
• An example is video telephoning
• Supported by all the networks types.
• The terminals incorporate a video camera,
microphone and speaker.
• The integration of the video with speech requires
more bandwidth than that required for speech only.
Interpersonal Communications
• A call may involve several people (a desktop
videoconferencing).
• A separate window on the screen of each participant’s
PC should be used to display the video image of all
the other participants.
• This would require multiple integrated
communication channels, one for each participant.
• In case of enterprise network, In order to support
videoconferencing there is a central unit called
multipoint control unit(MCU).
Interpersonal Communications
• Alternatively networks such as LANs and the internet
support multicasting. Thus MCU is not required.
• There are applications that involve groups of people
at one or more of the locations such as remote lecture
and group video conferencing .
• Remote Lecture has similar requirements to those for
two party video call .
• If the lecture is being relayed to multiple locations
either a separated channel is require to each remote
site or an MCU is used .
Interpersonal Communications
• In the case of group videoconferencing , an equipped
room called a videoconferencing studio is used .
• videoconferencing studio contains all the necessary
audio and video equipment : video camera , large
screen display , and associated audio equipment all of
which is connected to a unit called videoconferencing
system.
• A conference can involve two locations and or more .
• In the case of the later, an MCU is used.
Interpersonal Communications
Multimedia
• An example mail that containing many types media type :
• Voice mail:
• Internet based voice mail
• In addition to e-mail server there is also a voice mail
server associated with each network .
• Multimedia mail
• The textual information is annotated with a
digitized image , speech or video.
Interpersonal Communications
• The annotation can be sent together with
original textual message and hence stored and
played out in the normal way.
• Alternatively The annotation can be requested
by the recipient when the textual message is
being read.
Interactive applications over the
internet
Web server
• The internet is used to support a range of interactive
applications , the most widely used being for
interaction with World Wide Web (WWW) or simply
Web server .
• Web server comprises a linked set of multimedia
information severs that distributed around the
internet .
• The information stored on all servers is equivalent
to a vast library of document .
Interactive applications over the
internet
• Each document comprises a linked set of pages and
linkage between these pages known as hyperlinks .
• Hyperlinks references either to other pages of the
same document or to any other document within the
total Web.
• Document comprising only text are created using
what is called hypertext , while those comprising
multimedia information are created what is known as
hypermedia .
Interactive applications over the
internet
• Each document has a unique address – known as a
uniform resource locater (URL) .
• URL identifies both the location of the sever on the
internet where the first page of the document is stored
and the file reference on that sever .
• The first page of the document is known as home
page .
• A standard format is used for writing documents
Interactive applications over the
internet
• This known as hypertext markup language (HTML)
• HTML is also used to write client software to explore
the contents of the Web.
• The client function is called browser .
Entertainment applications
Movie or video on demand
• Video and audio on demand associated with
entertainment must be of higher quality / resolution.
• A digitized movie/video - with sound – requires a
minimum channel bit rate (bandwidth) of 1.5 Mbps.
• The network used to support this type of application
must be either a PSTN with high bit rate modem or
cable network.
• A collection of digitized movie/video stored on a
server .
Entertainment applications
• Subscriber terminal comprises a television with a
selection device for interaction purposes .
• The user interactions are relayed to the server through
a set up box .
• A key feature of video / movie on demand is that a
subscriber can initiate the showing of the movies at
any time of the day or nigh .
• This means that the server must be capable of playing
out simultaneously a large number of video streams
equal to the number of subscribers currently watching
a movie .
Entertainment applications
• If the server is supporting large number of subscribers
, then it is common for several subscriber to request
the same movie within a short time interval between
each request .
• An alternative mode of operation is near movie on
demand (N-MOD)
• In N-MOD requests for a particular movie are not
played out are queued until the start of the next play
out time of that movie .
Entertainment applications
• In this way , all request are satisfied simultaneously
by the server outputting a single video stream.
Entertainment applications
Interactive television
• By connecting appropriate terminal equipment to the
STB – a key board , telephone and so on – the
subscriber is able to gain service provided through the
PSTN .
• Then the subscriber is able to actively respond to the
information being broadcast.

Introduction to multimedia

  • 1.
    Introduction to Multimedia BY: Selma Abdelbagi Ibrahim
  • 2.
    What is Multimedia •Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics drawings, images). • A good general definition is: • Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer- controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, images ,Video, animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.
  • 3.
    Multimedia Systems • AMultimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and applications. • A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:  Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.  The information they handle must be represented digitally.  The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive.  Multimedia systems are integrated.
  • 4.
    Desirable Features fora Multimedia System  Very High Processing Power: • To deal with large data processing and real time delivery of media. • Special hardware commonplace.  Capable File System • To deliver real-time media -- e.g. Video/Audio Streaming. • Special Hardware/Software needed
  • 5.
    Desirable Features fora Multimedia System  Data Representations/File Formats • should be easy to handle yet allow for compression /decompression in real-time.  Efficient and High I/O  Special Operating System  Large Storage and Memory  Network Support  User friendly Software Tools
  • 6.
    Components of aMultimedia System  Capture devices • -- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Keyboards, mice.  Storage Devices • Hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVD, etc • Communication Networks • Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, Intranets, Internets. • Computer Systems • Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations  Display Devices • speakers, monitors, Colour printers etc.
  • 7.
    Multimedia information representation • Applicationsinvolving text and images comprise blocks of digital data  Text: block of characters with each represented by a fixed number of bits (codeword) • Digitized Image : comprises a two dimensional block of what are called picture elements with each element represented by a fixed number of bits . • Application involving audio and video represented by analog signal
  • 8.
    Multimedia information representation • Inapplication that involve a single type of media the basic form of representation of the particular media type is often used . • In the applications that involve text and images or audio and video their basic form is often use since the two media types have the same form of representation • In application that involve the different media type integrated in some way it becomes necessary to represent all media types in a digital form.
  • 9.
    Multimedia networks • Telephonenetworks • Data networks • Broadcast television netwoks  Cable network  Satellite network • Integrated services digital networks(ISDN) • Broadband multiservice networks (B-ISDN)  ATM  Frame Rely
  • 10.
    Multimedia applications • AMultimedia Application is an Application which uses a collection of multiple media sources e.g. text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or video. • They can be placed into one of three categories :  Interpersonal communications  Interactive application over internet  Entertainment applications
  • 11.
    Interpersonal Communications Speech only:  Telephony • Provided using PSTN/ISDN/cellular phone network. • User can take part in telephone calls through the PC. • This required computer telephony integration (CTI)  Voice mail: • Spoken message is left in voice mailbox located in voice mail server.
  • 12.
    Interpersonal Communications  Teleconferencingcalls: • Multiple interconnected telephones/PC. • Each person can hear and talk to all of the others involved in the call.  VoIP: • Telephony over the internet is also known packet voice
  • 13.
    Interpersonal Communications Image only: •Exchange of electronic image of document Over PSTN / ISDN . • This simply known as fax. • To send a document the sender keys in the telephone number of intended recipient and a circuit is set up through the network in the same way as for a telephone call.
  • 14.
    Interpersonal Communications Text only: • An example is electronic mail over the internet. • Associated with each network is a set of one or more server computers (e-mail server) that contain a mailbox for each user. Text and image • An example is computer-supported cooperative working (CSCW) . • A distributed group of people –each in his or her place of work-are all working on the same project.
  • 15.
    Interpersonal Communications • Awindow on each person’s display is used as a shared workspace/ whiteboard. • The display comprises text and images integrated together. • The software associated with CSCW comprises a central program known as whiteboard program that is made up of tow parts: a change notification part and an update control part. • Whenever a member of the group updates the contents of his or her white board, the change notification part sends details of the changes to the whiteboard program.
  • 16.
    Interpersonal Communications • Thisrelays the changes to the update control in each of the other PCs which in turn proceed to update the contents of their copy of the whiteboard.  Speech and video • An example is video telephoning • Supported by all the networks types. • The terminals incorporate a video camera, microphone and speaker. • The integration of the video with speech requires more bandwidth than that required for speech only.
  • 17.
    Interpersonal Communications • Acall may involve several people (a desktop videoconferencing). • A separate window on the screen of each participant’s PC should be used to display the video image of all the other participants. • This would require multiple integrated communication channels, one for each participant. • In case of enterprise network, In order to support videoconferencing there is a central unit called multipoint control unit(MCU).
  • 18.
    Interpersonal Communications • Alternativelynetworks such as LANs and the internet support multicasting. Thus MCU is not required. • There are applications that involve groups of people at one or more of the locations such as remote lecture and group video conferencing . • Remote Lecture has similar requirements to those for two party video call . • If the lecture is being relayed to multiple locations either a separated channel is require to each remote site or an MCU is used .
  • 19.
    Interpersonal Communications • Inthe case of group videoconferencing , an equipped room called a videoconferencing studio is used . • videoconferencing studio contains all the necessary audio and video equipment : video camera , large screen display , and associated audio equipment all of which is connected to a unit called videoconferencing system. • A conference can involve two locations and or more . • In the case of the later, an MCU is used.
  • 20.
    Interpersonal Communications Multimedia • Anexample mail that containing many types media type : • Voice mail: • Internet based voice mail • In addition to e-mail server there is also a voice mail server associated with each network . • Multimedia mail • The textual information is annotated with a digitized image , speech or video.
  • 21.
    Interpersonal Communications • Theannotation can be sent together with original textual message and hence stored and played out in the normal way. • Alternatively The annotation can be requested by the recipient when the textual message is being read.
  • 22.
    Interactive applications overthe internet Web server • The internet is used to support a range of interactive applications , the most widely used being for interaction with World Wide Web (WWW) or simply Web server . • Web server comprises a linked set of multimedia information severs that distributed around the internet . • The information stored on all servers is equivalent to a vast library of document .
  • 23.
    Interactive applications overthe internet • Each document comprises a linked set of pages and linkage between these pages known as hyperlinks . • Hyperlinks references either to other pages of the same document or to any other document within the total Web. • Document comprising only text are created using what is called hypertext , while those comprising multimedia information are created what is known as hypermedia .
  • 24.
    Interactive applications overthe internet • Each document has a unique address – known as a uniform resource locater (URL) . • URL identifies both the location of the sever on the internet where the first page of the document is stored and the file reference on that sever . • The first page of the document is known as home page . • A standard format is used for writing documents
  • 25.
    Interactive applications overthe internet • This known as hypertext markup language (HTML) • HTML is also used to write client software to explore the contents of the Web. • The client function is called browser .
  • 26.
    Entertainment applications Movie orvideo on demand • Video and audio on demand associated with entertainment must be of higher quality / resolution. • A digitized movie/video - with sound – requires a minimum channel bit rate (bandwidth) of 1.5 Mbps. • The network used to support this type of application must be either a PSTN with high bit rate modem or cable network. • A collection of digitized movie/video stored on a server .
  • 27.
    Entertainment applications • Subscriberterminal comprises a television with a selection device for interaction purposes . • The user interactions are relayed to the server through a set up box . • A key feature of video / movie on demand is that a subscriber can initiate the showing of the movies at any time of the day or nigh . • This means that the server must be capable of playing out simultaneously a large number of video streams equal to the number of subscribers currently watching a movie .
  • 28.
    Entertainment applications • Ifthe server is supporting large number of subscribers , then it is common for several subscriber to request the same movie within a short time interval between each request . • An alternative mode of operation is near movie on demand (N-MOD) • In N-MOD requests for a particular movie are not played out are queued until the start of the next play out time of that movie .
  • 29.
    Entertainment applications • Inthis way , all request are satisfied simultaneously by the server outputting a single video stream.
  • 30.
    Entertainment applications Interactive television •By connecting appropriate terminal equipment to the STB – a key board , telephone and so on – the subscriber is able to gain service provided through the PSTN . • Then the subscriber is able to actively respond to the information being broadcast.