This document discusses calendering, a mechanical textile finishing process where fabric is passed between heated rollers under pressure. It describes the basic principle of calendering which is to expose fabric to moisture, heat, and pressure to produce a smooth, lustrous surface. It then lists and briefly describes five types of calenders - felt, chasing, swizzing, embossed, and glazed calendering. Finally, it provides recommendations for achieving a cotton fabric with moderate gloss and a soft handle through calendering, such as using moderate temperature, weight, and roller speed along with high nip pressure between cotton and teflon rollers.

1. Sadam Hussain F16TE05
Textile Finishing

2. Calendering finishing process
• Calendering is a mechanical
finishing process used on cloth
where fabric is folded in half and
passed under rollers at high
temperatures and pressures.
• Calendering is used on fabrics
such as moire to produce its
watered effect and also on cambric
and some types of sateens.

3. Working principal of
Calendering
The basic principle of
calendaring is to expose the
cloth to the combined effect of
moisture, heat and pressure
until the fabric acquires a very
smooth and light reflecting
surface and gets a good luster.
The calendaring effect on the
fabric is usually temporary and
disappears after first washing.

4. Types of calenders
1.Felt Calendering
Felt calenders are mainly used for imparting luster and smoothness to
silk, rayon and cotton knitwear materials. These work at low pressure and
temperature
2.Chassing Calendering
A chasing calendar finish is obtained with all the bowls of
the calendaring machine running with the same surface speed, and the
cotton fabric is passed through the nips of the calendar from several times,
each layer of the cloth overlapping one another
3.Swizzing Calendering
It is a mechanical finishing process used on cloth where fabric is folded in
half and passed under rollers at high temperatures and pressures.
4.Embossed Calendering
To produce a smooth, glossy and highly lustrous appearance on the
surface of the cloth.
5.Glazed Calendering
Glazing imparts a smooth, stiff, highly polished surface to such fabrics as
chintz.

5. Q: Calendering, how to get moderate gloss with a
soft handle in cotton fabric?
1. Set the moderate temperature of steel move for moderate sparkle
2. Set the moderate weight between steel roll and Teflon roll that given
the moderate shine on texture surface
3. Set the moderate relative speed of steel roll
4. For delicate handle set the high nip pressure between the cotton roll
and Teflon roll

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