This document provides an introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a system that stores, represents, and analyzes geographic features on Earth's surface. The key components of a GIS are its database, which stores spatial and non-spatial data, as well as the software and hardware used. GIS is used to visualize and analyze data to answer questions about location-based trends and relationships. Examples of GIS applications include relief operations during disasters, assessing rural health services, and various utility, resource management, agriculture, and defense/security uses. Emerging GIS technologies include 3D modeling, vehicle navigation, and service-oriented architectures.

1. Introduction to GIS

2. Elements Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing Aerial Photography Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Satellite Positioning (eg. GPS)

3. What is GIS? GIS It is a system which STORES, RE PRESENTS FEATURES present on earth surface & ANALYSE them Geographic Information System

4. Components of GIS Database Components of GIS Database Methodology Software Hardware

5. What does GIS do? Provide visualization of data

6. What does GIS do? Which can assist in answering: Where your customers live? Profile of area from where your revenue come? Relationship between the customers, sales and economic indicators?

7. Prevailing situation Collect vast amounts of data Logistics Sales Data Product Demand Market Response Customer RDBMS Industry Data Information Marketing Finance Sales Accounts

8. Value Addition! Data becomes valuable when it is analyzed and acted upon Visualizing data leads to smarter business decisions Customer Address Store Sites Sales Territories Demographic Business Data Clients Habit / Influence of Competition Feasibility of new outlets Spatial Data Sets Spatial Data Sets Non Spatial Data

9. GIS Applications Some static Examples

10. GIS in Relief Operations Disaster in Chemical Plant

11. GIS in Relief Operations Zone identification

12. GIS in Relief Operations Emergency Relief Operations 3.14 Sq Km Approx Population ~12,500

13. Pharma Shops Rural Health Service

14. Villages covered Assuming each pharma shop covers 8 KM radius Rural Health Service

15. Potential Site Rural Health Service

16. Back to GIS Technologies Other elements of GIS Technologies

17. Remote Sensing

18. Remote Sensing

19. Aerial Photography

20. LiDAR Light Pulses > Speed of Light Time Interval > Distance Profile

21. Measuring with LiDAR LIDAR measures objects from “line of sight” Picture Ref: URL1

22. LiDAR

23. LiDAR

24. Field Surveying Total Station Positioning Equipments (GPS) Laser Scanners

25. Usage Layout Industry Utility Water Supply, Sewerage, Garbage Collection, Postal Services, Electricity, Public Transport Resource Management CAPE, Precision Farming, Fertilizer Modeling Forestry, Water Resources, Wildlife, Mineral Resources etc Agriculture Defense & Security Infrastructure Business Army, Navy & Air Force; Police, Border Security Force, CISF Oil Pipelines, Highway Construction, Airports, Power Distribution Business Intelligence, Logistics Land Info Sys Health Archaeology

26. GIS Applications Discovering through Discussion

27. Utility Water Supply Sewerage Garbage Collection Postal Services Electricity Public Transport

28. Resource Management Forestry Water Resources Wildlife Mineral Resources

29. Agriculture ???

30. Defense & Internal Security Armed forces Air force Navy Police Border Security Force CISF

31. Upcoming Technologies & Applications

32. 3D GIS

33. Vehicle Navigation

34. Trends Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Subscription Model Pay per use No maintenance / updation required Most of the LBS service in US is moving to SOA Some of the GIS software is moving to SOA