This document discusses the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in transportation planning. It begins by introducing GIS and how it can help with transportation systems. GIS is then categorized into three areas: data representation, analysis and modeling, and applications. Examples of GIS applications in transportation include highway management, accident analysis, route planning, and traffic modeling. The document also outlines some challenges of GIS in transportation and concludes that GIS is a key tool for analysis and decision making in public and private transportation planning.

1. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
GUIDED BY
DR. JAYA V
Professor department of civil engineering
College of Engineering Trivandrum
PRESENTED BY
ZAMEER NABI WANI
ROLL NO. 69
CLASS S7C1

2. CONTENTS :
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 GIS IN TRANSPORTATION
 GIS GROUPED IN THREE CATEGORIES
o GIS -T Data Representation
• Raster and vector data
o GIS-T Analysis and Modeling
o GIS - T applications
 GIS IN HIGHWAY MANAGEMENT
 GIS IN ACCIDENT ANALYSTS
 GIS IN ROUTE PLANNING
 GIS IN TRAFFIC MODELLING
 CHALLENGES IN GIS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 GIS is a computer based tool that analyzes, stores manipulates and visualizes
geographic Information, which enable users to capture, store and manage the
spatially referenced data
 GIS sensor is mounted on Satellite.
 GIS can help in achieving excellence in transportation.
 It significantly aids in planning, monitoring and managing complex systems involved
in transportation planning and management more effectively.
 The use of GIS in transportation is widespread. It can be used in highway
maintanance,traffic modeling, accident analysis and route planning.

4. OBJECTIVES:
 To bring forth the importance of the need for data and systems integration within
transportation agencies and across multiple units of government
 To highlight the need of GIS in transportation.
 To explore the applications of GIS in transportation so that it can be used at its best
without fail.
 To get the idea why we should encourage its use.

5. GIS IN TRANSPORTATION:
 GIS-T can be defined as an interconnected hardware, software, data, people,
organizations and institutional arrangements.
 Organizations collect, store, analyze, and communicate this particular information
about the earth.
 Helps us in planning, monitoring, and managing complex systems efficiently.
 Helps in determining capacity enhancement, improving operations, and identifying
most strategic investments.
 It is being used in intelligent transportation systems.

6. GIS MODELS USED IN TRANSPORTATION:
 In general, three types of GIS models are used in transportation, which are:
 Field based data models: It treats geographic space as populated by real world features
that vary continuously over space, for example land elevation.
 Object based data models: This type of model treats geographic space as populated by
discrete and identifiable objects. Features are often represented by points, lines,
polygons etc. For example urbanised areas.
 Network models to represent topologically connected linear entities like roads, rail
lines, airlines that are fixed in the continuous reference surface.

7. TOPICS RELATED TO GIS IN TRANSPORTATION
 GIS - T Data Representations
 GIS - T Analysis and Modelling
 GIS - T Applications

8. GIS - T DATA REPRESENTATIONS
 GIS-T studies have employed both vector and raster data models to represent the
relevant geographic data.
 RASTER MODEL:
 Represents data in the form of cells or grid.
 Consists of pixels.
 Each pixels have each value.
 Represents sample data
 Represents continuous data

9. GIS - T DATA REPRESENTATIONS CONT…
 VECTOR MODEL:
 Uses sequential points to represent data
 Displays longitude and latitude
 Complete data structure
 Describes entire topography

10. GIS - T DATA REPRESENTATIONS CONT…
 Some of the transportation related things could be best represented by one type of GIS
data models than the other one.
 For example, network analysis represents a network as a set of nodes interconnected
with a set of links, this types of analysis could be better done by Vector data modeling.
 There are also some other types of transportation data that require extensions to the
general GIS data models. For example linear referencing data like highway mileposts
cannot be properly handled by 2- dimensional Cartesian coordinate system used in
most GIS data models.

11. GIS - T DATA REPRESENTATIONS CONT…
SOURCE:www.geography.hunter.com

12. GIS - T ANALYSIS AND MODELING
 Transportation has developed its own unique analysis methods and models. Some
examples are:
 Shortest path and routing algorithms.
 Spatial intersection models.
 Network flow problems.
 Travel demand models.
 Facility location problems.

13. GIS - T APPLICATIONS
 Infrastructure planning.
 Design and management.
 Transportation safety analysis.
 Travel demand analysis.
 Traffic monitoring and control.
 Public transit planning and operations and (ITS).

14. GIS IN HIGHWAY MANAGEMENT:
 Highway maintenance management is a critical issue, which can be addressed by using
GIS.
 By using GIS good visualisation is achieved through maps. This visualisation of real
time data can be further used by the transportation planners to identify potential issues
which can be addressed more efficiently and economically.
 Through detailed GIS maps, this information can be easily conveyed to decision
makers and the public
Source: Geospatialworld.net

15. GIS IN ACCIDENT ANALYSIS:
 Accidents are one of the most important national and international issues.
 Its consequences are important for the political, economical and social level in any
country.
 GIS allows us to understand travel behaviors and perform accidental analysis.
 It leads to the reduction in the number of accidents on roads.
 It allows the development of spatial statistics that rely on geographically-referenced
data.
 This statistics obtained via GIS can be useful in displaying a decrease in accidents over
a period of time.

16. GIS IN ACCIDENT ANALYSIS CONT…
Source: Google

17. GIS IN ROUTE PLANNING:
 Route planning is an important application within transportation.
 Hurdles on routes can lead to the unnecessary delays and hence inefficiency.
 By the use of GIS one can know in advance which route is the best to follow.
 As the travellers get to know about the best routes for their destinations, transportation
professionals get equipped with enhanced ability to manage their infrastructure.
 Moreover GIS- based systems quickly provide and analyze essential economic,
demographic and cost estimates for planning new routes.
 Route planning is also applied as a part of location planning, analyzing catchment
areas for different sites, calculating overall drive-times to and from the site,
maximizing potential customer in flow and ensuring best possible accessibility

18. GIS IN TRAFFIC MODELLING:
 The data obtained from GIS can also be transformed into functional road models for
large- scale traffic simulation.
 This data can model road networks around the world as polylines with attributes.
 Further this data can be extrapolated to automatically create geometrically correct and
topologically consistent 3D models of large-scale road networks to be readily used in
real- time traffic simulations and autonomous vehicle navigations.
 The resulting model representation could also provide important road features for the
traffic simulations, including smoothly connected ramps, highways, overpasses, legal
merge zones, and intersections.

19. CHALLENGES IN GIS- T:
 Legacy data management system.
 Data interoperability.
 Real- time GIS- T.
 Large data sets, need for pioneering system designs.
 Distributed computing.

20. CONCLUSION:
 Data, technology, and institutions represented the three primary considerations that had
to be addressed to promote the implementation of GIS-T.
 The transportation agencies own numerous datasets, these datasets have diverse origins
in individual divisions, lack common location reference schemes, and suffer from poor
data definition and making their integration difficult.
 Geographic referencing scheme was a highly viable means to organize these data, and
full benefits could be realized only if data is viewed as a corporate resource.
 In transportation geographic analysis is a key to make better decisions .
 Plays very important role for public and private transport too.

21. REFERENCES:
 Al-Ali, M (2016)
 Kim T.J., Choi K. (2011)
 Kresse W., Danko D.
 Effati M., Rajabi, M., Samadzadegan. F, and Shabani. S, 2014.
 Dr. Shih-Lung Shaw and Dr. Jean-Paul