This document provides an introduction to engineering graphics and drawing. It discusses the history of technical drawing from early pictorial representations to modern CAD systems. It then describes common drawing tools and techniques used for engineering drawings like different line types, dimensioning standards, and BIS standards that guide engineering drawings in India. Key figures in the development of technical drawing like Gaspard Monge are also mentioned.

1. INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Prepared BY : BE (IT)
Enrollment Number ID Number Name
160410116118 16BEITG002 Krunal Rathod
160410116031 16BEITG003 Shlok Gadre
160410116038 16BEITG004 Simran Gulani
160410116079 16BEITG005 Harsh Parmar
160410116032 16BEITG007 Mansi Gami
Guided By
Raghurajsinh Parmar
Info & Tech Dept. SVIT, VASAD - 041

2. INTRODUCTION
• Engineering drawing is a language of all
persons involved in engineering activity.
Engineering ideas are recorded by preparing
drawings and execution of work is also carried
out on the basis of drawings. Communication
in engineering field is done by drawings. Like
music drawing is a universal language.

3. HISTORY
• Throughout human history we have used
pictures to convey ideas, express ourselves,
present information, etc. Basically we have
used pictures to communicate. However
different people and cultures used different
types of pictures to communicate ideas.
This was a problem that faced engineers,
designers, builders, architects, etc. throughout
history. We didn't have one way of
communicating our ideas that everybody
understood.

4. • Gaspard Monge faced this problem when he
started as an Engineer in the French Military.
He devised a system that could be used to
communicate an object to anyone across the
world. This system is called Orthographic
Projection and was quickly adopted by army
engineers. However France was at war and
Monge's system was kept top secret. It wasn't
until many years later that Monge was
allowed to publish and teach his system.
Shortly this system spread across and
revolutionized world industry.

5. • Perspective drawing technique was invented
during
the Renaissance period (1300-1500)
• Descriptive geometry was invented by Gaspard
Monge in 1765
• Orthographic projection technique was invented
during
the Industrial Revolution period (1770-1850)
• 2-D CAD systems were developed in the 1980s
• 3-D CAD systems were developed in the 1990s

6. Gaspard Monge (1746-1818)
French mathematician and
father of descriptive geometry

7. DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
• To prepare engineering drawing, special
drawing instruments are required. It is
advisable to purchase simple and good quality
instruments rather than many ordinary
instruments. All those who are connected
with engineering activity should know the use
of drawing instruments, handling of
instruments and proper maintenance of
drawing instruments

8. Drawing board Mini drafter
Roller scale

9. Set square
Compass
Protractor

10. TYPES OF LINES
SR NO. LINE TYPE ILLUSTRATION APPLICATION
1 Continuous Thick (0.5mm) Visible Outlines
2 Continuous Thin (0.2mm) Dimension, Leader,
Extension, Construction
Lines, Hatching,
Revolved parts
3 Dashed Thin Hidden Lines
4 Chain Thin Centre Line, Line of
Symmetry, Locus Line,
Pitch Circles
5 Chain Thin with Thick Ends Cutting Planes

11. SR NO. LINE TYPE ILLUSTRATION APPLICATION
6 Chain Thick Indication of
Surface to Which a
Special
Requirement
Applies
7 Continuous Thin – Free
Hands
Irregular Boundary
Lines, Short Break
Line
8 Continuous Thin with
Zigzags
Long Break Lines

12. Dimensioning System
• General Rules for Dimensioning
 As far as possible, dimensions should be placed outside the
view.
 Dimensions should be taken from visible outlines rather than
from hidden lines.
 Dimensioning to the centre line should be avoided except
when the centre line passes through the centre of a hole.
 Each drawing should use the same unit of all dimensions, but
without showing the unit symbol.

15.  Each feature should be dimensioned once only on a drawing.
 No more dimensions than are necessary to define a part should be
shown on a drawing.
 No features of ma part should be defined by more than one
dimension in any one direction.
 Projections and dimension line should be drawn as a thin
continuous line.
 Projection lines should be drawn perpendicular to the feature being
dimensioned.
 Where necessary, they may be drawn obliquely, but parallel to each
other. However they must be in contact with the feature.
 Projection lines and dimension lines should not cross each other,
unless it is unavoidable.
 A centre line or the outline of a part should not be used as a
dimension line, but may be used in place of projection line.

18. BIS SYSTEM IN ENGINEERING
GRAPHICS
• In Brief About BIS-SP 46 Standards of Engineering
Drawings & Other Commonly Used Standards in
Engineering Drawing Practice.
• The BIS-SP 46 – 1988 is the standard which is
for “Engineering Drawing Practice For Schools &
Colleges”. And used in the educational institution for
engineering drawing or graphics. It was recently revised
as SP – 46 – 2003

19. • Other than this the following standards are
commonly used in engineering drawing
practice:
• IS 1444:1989 DRAWING BOARD
SPECIFICATION
• IS 15021:2001 PROJECTION METHODS
• IS 3221:1966 DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
• IS 10713:1983 SCALES

20. • IS 10714:2001 LINES
• IS 9609:2001 LETTERING
• IS 11669:1986 DIMENSIONING
• IS 10711:2001 SIZE & LAYOUT OF DRAWING
SHEETS