The document introduces Cisco IP SLAs, which is a feature in Cisco IOS that allows network engineers to monitor and measure performance metrics across their network. It discusses several use cases for IP SLAs including SLA verification, network monitoring, network readiness testing, availability monitoring, and troubleshooting. The document reviews how to configure various IP SLA operations including specifying the operation type, destination, and scheduling. It also discusses the accuracy, performance, and scalability of IP SLA operations.
Edge computing has been gaining popularity as it defines a model that brings compute and storage closer to where they are consumed by the end-user. By being closer to the end-user a better experience can be provided with a reduction in overall latency, lower bandwidth requirements, lower TCO, more flexible hardware/software model, while also ensuring security and reliability. In this talk, Abhishek discusses aligning Apache CloudStack with this evolving cloud computing model and supporting Edge Zones, which can be also looked upon as lightweight zones, with minimal resources.
Abhishek Kumar is a committer of the Apache CloudStack project and has worked on the notable features such as VM ingestion, CloudStack Kubernetes Service, IPv6 support, etc. He works as a Software Engineer at ShapeBlue.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
This presentation covers the basics about OpenvSwitch and its components. OpenvSwitch is a Open Source implementation of OpenFlow by the Nicira team.
It also also talks about OpenvSwitch and its role in OpenStack Networking
Introduce the basic concept of Open vSwitch. In this slide, we talked about how Linux kernel and networking stack worked together to forward and process the network packet and also compare those Linux networking stack functionality with Open vSwitch and Openflow.
At the end of this slide, we talk about the challenge to integrate the Open vSwitch with Kubernetes, what kind of the networking function we need to resolve and what is the benefit we can get from the Open Vswitch.
Tutorial: Using GoBGP as an IXP connecting routerShu Sugimoto
- Show you how GoBGP can be used as a software router in conjunction with quagga
- (Tutorial) Walk through the setup of IXP connecting router using GoBGP
Edge computing has been gaining popularity as it defines a model that brings compute and storage closer to where they are consumed by the end-user. By being closer to the end-user a better experience can be provided with a reduction in overall latency, lower bandwidth requirements, lower TCO, more flexible hardware/software model, while also ensuring security and reliability. In this talk, Abhishek discusses aligning Apache CloudStack with this evolving cloud computing model and supporting Edge Zones, which can be also looked upon as lightweight zones, with minimal resources.
Abhishek Kumar is a committer of the Apache CloudStack project and has worked on the notable features such as VM ingestion, CloudStack Kubernetes Service, IPv6 support, etc. He works as a Software Engineer at ShapeBlue.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
This presentation covers the basics about OpenvSwitch and its components. OpenvSwitch is a Open Source implementation of OpenFlow by the Nicira team.
It also also talks about OpenvSwitch and its role in OpenStack Networking
Introduce the basic concept of Open vSwitch. In this slide, we talked about how Linux kernel and networking stack worked together to forward and process the network packet and also compare those Linux networking stack functionality with Open vSwitch and Openflow.
At the end of this slide, we talk about the challenge to integrate the Open vSwitch with Kubernetes, what kind of the networking function we need to resolve and what is the benefit we can get from the Open Vswitch.
Tutorial: Using GoBGP as an IXP connecting routerShu Sugimoto
- Show you how GoBGP can be used as a software router in conjunction with quagga
- (Tutorial) Walk through the setup of IXP connecting router using GoBGP
Cilium - Bringing the BPF Revolution to Kubernetes Networking and SecurityThomas Graf
BPF is one of the fastest emerging technologies of the Linux kernel. The talk provides an introduction to Cilium which brings the powers of BPF to Kubernetes and other orchestration systems to provide highly scalable and efficient networking, security and load balancing for containers and microservices. The talk will provide an introduction to the capabilities of Cilium today but also deep dives into the emerging roadmap involving networking at the socket layer and service mesh datapath capabilities to provide highly efficient connectivity between cloud native apps and sidecar proxies.
This presentation features a walk through the Linux kernel networking stack covering the essentials and recent developments a developer needs to know. Our starting point is the network card driver as it feeds a packet into the stack. We will follow the packet as it traverses through various subsystems such as packet filtering, routing, protocol stacks, and the socket layer. We will pause here and there to look into concepts such as segmentation offloading, TCP small queues, and low latency polling. We will cover APIs exposed by the kernel that go beyond use of write()/read() on sockets and will look into how they are implemented on the kernel side.
OpenStack 운영을 통해 얻은 교훈을 공유합니다.
목차
1. TOAST 클라우드 지금의 모습
2. OpenStack 선택의 이유
3. 구성의 어려움과 극복 사례
4. 활용 사례
5. 풀어야 할 문제들
대상
- TOAST 클라우드를 사용하고 싶은 분
- WMI를 처음 들어보시는 분
News And Development Update Of The CloudStack Tungsten Fabric SDN Plug-inShapeBlue
This talk involved a demo of the Tungsten Fabric Plugin and details what the important features are.
Sven Vogel is a German IT-Specialist with 15+ years experience in IT and member of the Apache Software Foundation. Before he got invited to join the mother foundation, he has been the Chairman / VP of Apache Cloudstack and an active Committer for a few years. He is well-known for driving various projects and supporting everyone who needs technological exchange, advise or upskilling. His interest in cloud-technologies is both - his professional and personal passion and he looks forward meeting you to talk about why system-relevant institutions need our help as open source technologists.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Meshing OpenStack and Bare Metal Networks with EVPN - David Iles, Mellanox Te...OpenStack
Audience Level
Intermediate
Synopsis
The latest SDN revolution is centered on creating efficient virtualized data center networks using VXLAN & EVPN. We will talk about the scale, performance, and cost advantages of using a modern controller-free virtualized network solution built on 100 Gigabit Ethernet switches with hardware based VXLAN Routing. We will explore the ease of automating such a network in an OpenStack environment and take you through a real world use case of using OpenStack Network Node bridging between a bare metal cloud (EVPN) and a fully virtualized cloud environments (orchestrated by Neutron).
Speaker Bio:
David has held leadership roles at 3COM, Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks, and IBM where he promoted advanced network technologies including High Speed Ethernet, Layer 4-7 switching, Virtual Machine-aware networking, and Software Defined Networking.
David’s current focus is on the evolving landscape of data center networking, scale out storage, Open Networking, and cloud computing.
Automating with NX-OS: Let's Get Started!Cisco DevNet
A session in the DevNet Zone at Cisco Live, Berlin. Cisco's flagship data center platform, the Nexus series of switches, has a variety of programming protocols to offer. This session will provide participants with an overview and code examples on various protocols: * NX-API * XMPP * Netconf
In this session, Lucian talks about monitoring CloudStack and its related components. What are the best practices and what do you need to track closely to ensure your cloud reliability.
Lucian is a long-time sysadmin and Apache Cloustack user and contributor. He has a background in hosting, virtualisation and datacentre operations, but is now working full time on Cloudstack.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Kubernetes Networking with Cilium - Deep DiveMichal Rostecki
Cilium is open source software for providing and transparently securing network connectivity and load balancing between application workloads such as application containers or processes. Cilium operates at Layer 3/4 to provide traditional networking and security services as well as Layer 7 to protect and secure use of modern application protocols such as HTTP, gRPC and Kafka. The foundation of Cilium is the new Linux kernel technology BPF which supports the dynamic insertion of BPF bytecode into the Linux kernel at various integration points. This presentation reveals the secrets of Kubernetes networking and gives you a deep dive into Cilium and why it is awesome!
SDN Security: Two Sides of the Same CoinZivaro Inc
When it comes to Software Defined Networking (SDN) Security there are two sides of the story. This webinar addresses both sides – what security vulnerabilities exist in modern SDN technologies and how SDN technologies can create new security protections. Also included are use cases that SDN solutions can provide and the new applications of SDN that can secure modern enterprise and data center environments.
Presented by GTRI CTO, Scott Hogg, in a webinar on June 9, 2016. For more information, visit http://www.gtri.com/.
Automating for Monitoring and Troubleshooting your Cisco IOS NetworkCisco Canada
Do you wish that you could provide more automatic methods to monitor your network? Have you ever wasted hours to capture evidence of a transient network issue? Do you know which part of your network is likely to fail next? And how to prevent it? Your Cisco IOS® Network provides a wealth of advanced device manageability instrumentation (DMI) and Embedded Automation Systems (EASy) to design and implement your own Network Automations. Learn how Network Automation allows you to automate manual tasks, better operate existing network services and even enable new and innovative networking solutions. This session uncovers embedded Network Automation capabilities you can use to interact with your network elements for the purpose of implementing network testing, verification and service assurance in a more effective, efficient and robust way. Network Automation fundamentals as well as the choice and use of appropriate practices are illustrated through a combination of presentation and best practice examples. The topic is relevant for network planners and administrators, engineers and system integrators for both enterprises and service providers.
Cilium - Bringing the BPF Revolution to Kubernetes Networking and SecurityThomas Graf
BPF is one of the fastest emerging technologies of the Linux kernel. The talk provides an introduction to Cilium which brings the powers of BPF to Kubernetes and other orchestration systems to provide highly scalable and efficient networking, security and load balancing for containers and microservices. The talk will provide an introduction to the capabilities of Cilium today but also deep dives into the emerging roadmap involving networking at the socket layer and service mesh datapath capabilities to provide highly efficient connectivity between cloud native apps and sidecar proxies.
This presentation features a walk through the Linux kernel networking stack covering the essentials and recent developments a developer needs to know. Our starting point is the network card driver as it feeds a packet into the stack. We will follow the packet as it traverses through various subsystems such as packet filtering, routing, protocol stacks, and the socket layer. We will pause here and there to look into concepts such as segmentation offloading, TCP small queues, and low latency polling. We will cover APIs exposed by the kernel that go beyond use of write()/read() on sockets and will look into how they are implemented on the kernel side.
OpenStack 운영을 통해 얻은 교훈을 공유합니다.
목차
1. TOAST 클라우드 지금의 모습
2. OpenStack 선택의 이유
3. 구성의 어려움과 극복 사례
4. 활용 사례
5. 풀어야 할 문제들
대상
- TOAST 클라우드를 사용하고 싶은 분
- WMI를 처음 들어보시는 분
News And Development Update Of The CloudStack Tungsten Fabric SDN Plug-inShapeBlue
This talk involved a demo of the Tungsten Fabric Plugin and details what the important features are.
Sven Vogel is a German IT-Specialist with 15+ years experience in IT and member of the Apache Software Foundation. Before he got invited to join the mother foundation, he has been the Chairman / VP of Apache Cloudstack and an active Committer for a few years. He is well-known for driving various projects and supporting everyone who needs technological exchange, advise or upskilling. His interest in cloud-technologies is both - his professional and personal passion and he looks forward meeting you to talk about why system-relevant institutions need our help as open source technologists.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Meshing OpenStack and Bare Metal Networks with EVPN - David Iles, Mellanox Te...OpenStack
Audience Level
Intermediate
Synopsis
The latest SDN revolution is centered on creating efficient virtualized data center networks using VXLAN & EVPN. We will talk about the scale, performance, and cost advantages of using a modern controller-free virtualized network solution built on 100 Gigabit Ethernet switches with hardware based VXLAN Routing. We will explore the ease of automating such a network in an OpenStack environment and take you through a real world use case of using OpenStack Network Node bridging between a bare metal cloud (EVPN) and a fully virtualized cloud environments (orchestrated by Neutron).
Speaker Bio:
David has held leadership roles at 3COM, Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks, and IBM where he promoted advanced network technologies including High Speed Ethernet, Layer 4-7 switching, Virtual Machine-aware networking, and Software Defined Networking.
David’s current focus is on the evolving landscape of data center networking, scale out storage, Open Networking, and cloud computing.
Automating with NX-OS: Let's Get Started!Cisco DevNet
A session in the DevNet Zone at Cisco Live, Berlin. Cisco's flagship data center platform, the Nexus series of switches, has a variety of programming protocols to offer. This session will provide participants with an overview and code examples on various protocols: * NX-API * XMPP * Netconf
In this session, Lucian talks about monitoring CloudStack and its related components. What are the best practices and what do you need to track closely to ensure your cloud reliability.
Lucian is a long-time sysadmin and Apache Cloustack user and contributor. He has a background in hosting, virtualisation and datacentre operations, but is now working full time on Cloudstack.
-----------------------------------------
CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2022 took place on 14th-16th November in Sofia, Bulgaria and virtually. The day saw a hybrid get-together of the global CloudStack community hosting 370 attendees. The event hosted 43 sessions from leading CloudStack experts, users and skilful engineers from the open-source world, which included: technical talks, user stories, new features and integrations presentations and more.
Kubernetes Networking with Cilium - Deep DiveMichal Rostecki
Cilium is open source software for providing and transparently securing network connectivity and load balancing between application workloads such as application containers or processes. Cilium operates at Layer 3/4 to provide traditional networking and security services as well as Layer 7 to protect and secure use of modern application protocols such as HTTP, gRPC and Kafka. The foundation of Cilium is the new Linux kernel technology BPF which supports the dynamic insertion of BPF bytecode into the Linux kernel at various integration points. This presentation reveals the secrets of Kubernetes networking and gives you a deep dive into Cilium and why it is awesome!
SDN Security: Two Sides of the Same CoinZivaro Inc
When it comes to Software Defined Networking (SDN) Security there are two sides of the story. This webinar addresses both sides – what security vulnerabilities exist in modern SDN technologies and how SDN technologies can create new security protections. Also included are use cases that SDN solutions can provide and the new applications of SDN that can secure modern enterprise and data center environments.
Presented by GTRI CTO, Scott Hogg, in a webinar on June 9, 2016. For more information, visit http://www.gtri.com/.
Automating for Monitoring and Troubleshooting your Cisco IOS NetworkCisco Canada
Do you wish that you could provide more automatic methods to monitor your network? Have you ever wasted hours to capture evidence of a transient network issue? Do you know which part of your network is likely to fail next? And how to prevent it? Your Cisco IOS® Network provides a wealth of advanced device manageability instrumentation (DMI) and Embedded Automation Systems (EASy) to design and implement your own Network Automations. Learn how Network Automation allows you to automate manual tasks, better operate existing network services and even enable new and innovative networking solutions. This session uncovers embedded Network Automation capabilities you can use to interact with your network elements for the purpose of implementing network testing, verification and service assurance in a more effective, efficient and robust way. Network Automation fundamentals as well as the choice and use of appropriate practices are illustrated through a combination of presentation and best practice examples. The topic is relevant for network planners and administrators, engineers and system integrators for both enterprises and service providers.
Learn about Cisco's latest innovations in ethernet switching. Covering Cisco's major Catalyst switching platforms, this presentation will provide you with an overview of Cisco's latest advancements in switching, and how these capabilities can be applied to solve problems in your network environments.
SLAs and Performance in the Cloud: Because There is More Than "Just" Availabi...Michael Kopp
An SLA is only useful if it guarantees a certain level of quality. Current Cloud SLAs cover availability but ignore a key ingredient: Response and Throughput Performance. A Performance SLA would need to relate to the applications performance itself, something that no Cloud Provider has control over. We will discuss how Application Performance Monitoring can be used to define, measure and enforce a usable SLA for both sides. We will talk about the differences between IaaS and PaaS cloud providers concerning such an SLA. We will also show how this will lead to better User Experience with less R&D effort. Finally it enables us to easily compare cloud performance across vendors in terms that really matter: Response Time per Cost.
Application SLA - the missing part of complete SLA managementComarch
How can operators ensure that the proper quality of so many complex services is delivered? Has the software for network and service monitoring enough functionality to provide the right information? Fortunately, OSS systems have evolved, and they currently contain functionalities allowing the
operator to build comprehensive service management platforms. Today, operators cannot even think about delivering modern services of a high quality without providing a SLA. This means that service assurance with SLAs becomes the most critical aspect of modern OSS solutions. Additionally, since most modern services are built based on a number of applications, delivering the services over network, the applications are becoming the core of the service models.
Automate programmable fabric in seconds with an open standards based solutionTony Antony
Discover how how the standards-based Cisco Programmable Fabric with open APIs enables the Cisco Virtual Topology System (VTS) to automate overlay network provisioning with a highly scalable solution that truly integrates physical and virtual networks.
Learn how the Cisco VTS dramatically simplifies operations, reducing provisioning time from weeks to mere seconds. Find out how this open standards-based BGP EVPN control plane increases VXLAN scalability, extending workload placement and mobility range.
Troubleshooting Dual-Protocol Networks and Systems by Scott Hogg at gogoNET L...gogo6
gogo6 IPv6 Video Series. Event, presentation and speaker details below:
EVENT
gogoNET LIVE! 3: Enterprise wide Migration. http://gogonetlive.com
November 12 – 14, 2012 at San Jose State University, California
Agenda: http://gogonetlive.com/4105/gogonetlive3-agenda.asp
PRESENTATION
Troubleshooting Dual-Protocol Networks and Systems
Abstract: http://www.gogo6.com/profiles/blogs/my-presentation-at-gogonet-live-3-troubleshooting-in-a-dual-stack
Presentation video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/troubleshooting-dual-protocol-networks-and-systems-by-scott-hogg
Interview video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/interview-with-scott-hogg-at-gogonet-live-3-ipv6-conference
SPEAKER
Scott Hogg - Director of Advanced Technology Services, GTRI
Bio/Profile: http://www.gogo6.com/profile/ScottHogg986
MORE
Learn more about IPv6 on the gogoNET social network
http://www.gogo6.com
Get free IPv6 connectivity with Freenet6
http://www.gogo6.com/Freenet6
Subscribe to the gogo6 IPv6 Channel on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=gogo6videos
Follow gogo6 on Twitter
http://twitter.com/gogo6inc
Like gogo6 on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/pages/IPv6-products-community-and-services-gogo6/161626696777
Vector Packet Technologies such as DPDK and FD.io/VPP revolutionized software packet processing initially for discrete appliances and then for NFV use cases. Container based VNF deployments and it's supporting NFV infrastructure is now the new frontier in packet processing and has number of strong advocates among both traditional Comms Service Providers and in the Cloud. This presentation will give an overview of how DPDK and FD.io/VPP project are rising to meet the challenges of the Container dataplane. The discussion will provide an overview of the challenges, recent new features and what is coming soon in this exciting new area for the software dataplane, in both DPDK and FD.io/VPP!
About the speaker: Ray Kinsella has been working on Linux and various other open source technologies for about twenty years. He is recently active in open source communities such as VPP and DPDK but is a constant lurker in many others. He is interested in the software dataplane and optimization, virtualization, operating system design and implementation, communications and networking.
DPDK Summit 2015 - NTT - Yoshihiro NakajimaJim St. Leger
DPDK Summit 2015 in San Francisco.
NTT presentation by Yoshihiro Nakajima.
For additional details and the video recording please visit www.dpdksummit.com.
The ubiquitous heavy-tailed distributions in the Internet im-plies an interesting feature of the Internet traffic: most (e.g. 80%) of the traffic is actually carried by only a small number of connections (elephants), while the remaining large amount of connections are very small in size or lifetime (mice). In a fair network environment, short connections expect rela-tively fast service than long connections. For these reasons, short TCP flows are generally more con-servative than long flows and thus tend to get less than their fair share when they compete for the bottleneck bandwidth. In this paper, we propose to give preferential treatment to short flows2 with help from an Active Queue Management (AQM) policy inside the network. We also rely on the pro-posed Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architecture [3] to classify flows into short and long at the edge of the network. More specifically, we maintain the length of each active flow (in packets3) at the edge routers and use it to classify incoming packets.
Next Generation Ethernet
Next Generation Ethernet is a platform that should deliver all of previous function requirements under on hood. I have grouped the Generations in this way because Cisco has different purpose-built product lines for each of 4 waves of technology. Counter to that Extreme offers a platform solution for a customer to build his network on. Extreme does not require different switches to address different convergence requirements, this would be cost prohibitive for most customers and complicated. Simply put to disrupt the Cisco market, Extreme must deliver more with less.
The IEEE is pushing Ethernet to unimaginable speeds, with the 40/100Gigabit Ethernet standard expected to be ratified in 2010 and Terabit Ethernet on the drawing board for 2015. Here's a timeline showing key milestones in the growth of Ethernet Sstandard's-compliant products are expected to ship in the second half of next year, not long after the expected June 2010 ratification of the 802.3ba standard.
Complexity - Complex systems are a special type of chaotic system. They display a very interesting type of emergent behavior called, logically enough, complex adaptive behavior. But we are getting ahead of ourselves. There’s a need to back up a bit and describe a fundamental behavior that occurs at the granular level and leads to complex adaptive behavior. It is self -organization. Complex Adaptive Behavior is the name given to this forming-falling apart-reforming-falling apart-… behavior. Specifically it is defined as many agents working in parallel to accomplish a goal. It is conflict ridden, very fluid, and very positive. The hallmark of emergent, complex adaptive behavior is it brings about a change from the starting point that is not just different in degree but in kind. In biology a good example of this is the emergence of consciousness. Another example is the Manhattan Project and the development of the atomic bomb. Below is a checklist that helps facilitate a qualitative assessment of the level of complexity. It is in everyday language to facilitate use by a broad range of stakeholders and team members. In other words, it stays away from jargon, which can be the kiss of death when requesting information from people.
The Checklist
Not sure how the project will get done; Many stakeholders, teams and sub-teams;
Too Many vendors; New vendors;
New client; Team members are geographically dispersed;
End-users are geographically dispersed; Many organizations;
Many cultures (professional, organizational, sociological);
Many languages (professional, organizational, sociological);
High risk;
Lack of quality best characterized by lack of acceptance criteria;
Lack of clear requirements and too Many tasks;
Arbitrary budget or end date;
Inadequate resources;
Leading-edge technology;
New, unproven application of existing technology;
High degree of interconnectedness (professional, technological, political, sociological).
This reference design helps organizations design and configure a small to midsize data center (be¬tween 2 and 60 server racks) at headquarters or a server room at a remote site. You will learn how to configure the data center core, aggregation and access switches for connectivity to the servers and the campus network.
The Avaya Fabric Connect data center design supports high-speed 10 Gbps Ethernet connect-ed servers. The design can easily scale server bandwidth with link aggregation and servers can be connected to one or more switches in order to provide the level of availability required for the services delivered by the host. The design also supports legacy and low traffic servers that need 1 Gbps Ethernet connectivity,
The reference design presented in this guide is based on common network requirements and pro¬vides a tested starting point for network engineers to design and deploy an Avaya data center net¬work. This guide does not document every possible option and feature used to design and deploy networks but instead presents the tested and recommended options that will meet the majority of customer needs.
This design uses Avaya Fabric Connect in order to provide benefits over traditional data center design.
IT departments face several challenges in today’s data center:
· Data center traffic flow is not the same as campus traffic flow. Over 80% of the traffic is east-west, server-to-server, vs. north-south, client-to-server, like in a campus.
· Server virtualization allows a virtual machine or workload to be located anywhere in the physi¬cal data center. Data center networks can make it difficult to extend virtual local area networks (VLANs) and subnets anywhere in the data center.
· Server virtualization means that new services can be brought online in minutes or migrated in real time. Reconfiguring the network to support this is difficult because it can interrupt other services.
· Server virtualization means that the load on a physical box is much higher. Physical servers regularly host 10-50 workloads, driving network utilization well past 1 Gbps.
Lattice has introduced its CrossLink™ programmable bridging device that supports leading protocols for mobile image sensors and displays. Systems with embedded cameras and displays often do not have the right type or number of interfaces, which can be resolved using a bridge. The new CrossLink device combines the flexibility and fast time to market of an FPGA with the power and functional optimization of an ASSP to create a new product class called programmable ASSP (pASSP™).
Networking is NOT Free: Lessons in Network DesignRandy Bias
An in-depth critique of the existing OpenStack networking approach, with a focus on how the Nova network controller is more of a hindrance than a help. Discusses the gap in Quantum's functionality required to close the gap, and alternative solutions. How can we make networking in OpenStack robust, high performance, and fault tolerant? What do typical large scale networks look like and what lessons can we learn from them? Is there an approach to networking we can take that is the same with a handful of servers as it is with hundreds of racks?
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
2. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
3. The Business Challenges
What Are You Doing About Them?
Identify partial or
Delay launch of new incomplete network traffic
applications due to network conditions
performance concerns
Your Lack of Network
Slow to Launch New
Visibility
Services
Business
Increased TCO
Networks Reduced Network
Performance
Ensure application
Experience application
efficiency by adding
downtime and degradation
bandwidth (perhaps
unnecessarily)
Cisco IP SLAs can help
4. Cisco IP SLAs – Service Level Agreements
Enterprise and Small Medium Business Service Providers
Understand Network
Verify Service Levels Measure and provide
Performance &
Verify Outsourced SLAs SLAs
Ease Deployment
Access Enterprise Backbone Enterprise Service Provider Service Provider Core
Premise Edge Aggregation Edge
5. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
6. IP SLAs in a Nutshell
• Simple and easy to deploy • Scalability and Performance
• Embedded in Cisco IOS • Platform proliferation
• Millisecond precision
• CLI and SNMP access
• Microsecond granularity
• Wide Range of Coverage • Built-in Intelligence & Flexibility
• Multiple protocols • Scheduling and reporting
• Multiple applications • Auto discovery
• Multiple operations • QoS Integration
• Threshold Notifications
Customer-proven Success #CiscoPlusCA
7. Active | Passive
Active Monitoring (Cisco IP SLAs) Passive Monitoring (NetFlow)
Sends synthetic packet for network measurement. Watch for real traffic
End-to-end Performance Metrics At one point
Proactive troubleshooting No traffic == no conclusion
8. So how does it work?
Management
Application
Destination
Configure
Collect
SNMP
Configure Trap
Operation 1
Operation 2
Source
Responder
Destination
9. IP SLAs History
• Was called RTR - renamed SAA in 12.0(5)T; we call it ―IP SLAs Engine 1‖.
• ―IP SLAs Engine 2‖ - major code rewrite to improve speed and memory usage
– Introduced in 12.2(15)T2, 12.3(3) and 12.2(25)S, and is therefore present in all later trains
– Also planned for 12.0(32)SY and 12.2(18)SXG.
• First phase of new CLI appears originally in 12.3(14)T, next phase in 12.4(6)T
– MIBs are unchanged.
• The latest ‗Engine 3‘ started with 15.1(1)T, currently in T-train only
time
Engine: Engine 1 Engine 2 Engine 3
Feature Name: RTR SAA IP SLAs
CLI: rtr… ip sla mon… ip sla …
10. Supported Cisco IOS® Version
Feature/Release 11.2 12.0(3)T 12.0(5)T 12.1(1)T 12.2(2)T 12.2(11)T 12.3(4)T 12.3(12)T
12.0(8)S 12.2 (Eng2)
ICMP Echo X X X X X X X X
ICMP Echo Path X X X X X X X X
UDP Echo X X X X X X X
TCP Connect X X X X X X X
UDP Jitter X X X X X X
HTTP X X X X X X
DNS X X X X X X
DHCP X X X X X X
DLSw+ X X X X X X
SNMP Support X X X X X X
UDP Jitter with One Way Latency X X X X X
FTP Get X X X X X
MPLS/VPN Aware X X X X
Frame-Relay (CLI) X X X X
ICMP Path Jitter X X X X
APM X X X X
Voice with MOS/ICPIF Score X X
Post Dial Delay H323/SIP X
11. Supported Cisco IOS® Version (cont)
Feature/Release 12.2(2)T 12.2(11)T 12.3(4)T 12.3(12)T 12.4(1) 12.4(6)T 12.4(24)T 15.0(1)M
(Eng2)
MPLS/VPN Aware X X X X X X X X
Frame-Relay (CLI) X X X X
ICMP Path Jitter X X X X X X X X
APM X X X X
Voice with MOS/ICPIF Score X X X X X X
Post Dial Delay H323/SIP X X X X X
RTP VoIP (W/Codec) X X X
IPv6 Support X X
Auto Registration client (Responder X X
only)
• Ethernet OAM (CFM) introduced 12.2(33)SRB
• MPLS OAM (Health Monitor) introduced 12.2(27)SBC and 12.2(33)SRA
• Frame relay and APM removed in 12.4 and 12.4T
• ―Auto IP SLAs‖ has been FCS 15.1(1)T.
• IPv6 support in 15.0(1)M, 12.4(24)T and others.
• Check http://www.cisco.com/go/fn for a full list.
12. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
13. Scenario 1
SLA Verification & Management
• Customer obtains from Service Provider:
– Availability
– QoS
– Jitter SLAs
• Service Provider needs visibility to Customer Edge, in order to commit to SLAs
• Enterprise will verify SP SLAs by using access router edge to edge
measurements
– Enterprise may provide restricted Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
(RTT, Latency, QoS) visibility into Access router for Service Provider
– Service Provider with restricted access can report SLA as a service back to the
enterprise
14. Scenario 2
Network Monitoring
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs answers the following question:
– What is jitter, latency, or packet loss between any two points in the network?
• IP Services can be simulated
– packet sizes, ports, class of service, packet spacing, and measurement frequencies
• Uni-directional and highly accurate measurements
• Measurements per class of service
– Validates service differentiation for data, voice, and video
• IP SLAs will identify an edge to edge network performance baseline
– Allows user to understand trends and anomalies from baseline
15. Scenario 3
IP Network Readiness
• Network assessment tool built into Cisco IOS Software
• Simulate IP Services and verify how well they will work in the
network
• Pre-deployment uses
– How well is QoS working in the network pre-deployment?
• Post deployment uses
– Continued verification of network performance per IP service
16. Scenario 4
Availability Monitoring
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs uses proactive monitoring for periodic, reliable and
continuous availability measurements
• Connectivity measurements from Cisco router to router or Cisco router to
server
• Threshold notifications when end point is not available
– What is the availability of a Network File System (NFS) server used to store
business critical data from a remote site ?
– Cisco IOS IP SLA UDP active measurement to specific server ports is used
to test remote site to server connectivity
– If server is unavailable, then traps can notify the network management
system
17. Scenario 5
Troubleshooting
• Proactive notification of problems and issues based on
threshold alerts
• Testing edge to edge consistently and reliably will save time
in finding and pin-pointing network performance problem
areas
• Supports activation of a second more granular test upon
initial detection of a problem by primary test
– Can test at a higher frequency or with different parameters to isolate
the problem
18. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
19. Configuration
• What
– Operation / protocol / parameters
• Where
– Destination IP address
• When
– Scheduling
– Distributed start-time
20. What?
Which Operation?
• ICMP based operations: • Other operations:
– ICMP Echo – TCP operation
– ICMP Path Echo – HTTP operation
– ICMP Path Jitter – DNS operation
• Responder-based – DLSW+ operation
operations: – DHCP operation
– UDP Echo – FTP get operation
– UDP Jitter – ATM operation
– FR operation
– VoIP Proactive monitoring
– Video Operation
21. ICMP Echo Operation (aka: ―ping‖)
• One packet sent, reports success and round trip time delay
ICMP Echo Probe
Source Destination
What? Where? When?
ip sla 6
icmp-echo 172.29.139.134
frequency 300
ip sla schedule 6 life forever start-time now
22. ICMP Echo Limitations
• One packet only -> no loss statistics
• ICMP is low priority ―by design‖ -> not representative
• Reports round trip time including processing time on the
responding side -> biased results.
23. UDP Jitter Operation
• Measures the delay, delay variation (jitter), corruption, misordering and
packet loss by generating periodic UDP traffic
• One-way results for jitter and packet-loss
– If clocks are synchronized and IOS is at least 12.2(T), one-way delay is also
measured.
• Detect and report out-of-sequence and corrupted packets
• Since 12.3(4)T -- also with MOS and ICPIF score for voice clarity
estimation.
• Requires IP SLA Responder to be configured on the target
– More on IP SLA Responder later …
24. UDP Jitter - Measurement Example
Send Packets STx = sent tstamp Receive packets
for packet x. i2
P2 i1 P1 P2 P1
ST2 ST1 RT2 RT1
Source IP Core Destination (Responder)
RTx = receive
tstamp for packet x.
Reflected packets Reply to packets dx = processing time
spent between
P1 i4 P2 P1 i3 P2 packet arrival and
treatment.
AT1 AT2 RT1+d1 RT2+d2
ATx = receive
tstamp for packet x.
Each packet contains STx, RTx, ATx, dx and the source
can now calculate:
JitterSD = (RT2-RT1)-(ST2-ST1) = i2-i1
JitterDS = (AT2-AT1)-((RT2+d2)-(RT1+d1)) = i4-i3
25. UDP Jitter Operation (Example)
• Simulating G.711 VoIP call
• Use RTP/UDP ports 16384 and above
– packet size is 172 bytes (160 bytes of payload + 12 bytes for RTP)
• Packets are sent every 20 milliseconds
• Marked with DSCP value of 8 (TOS equivalent 0x20)
ip sla 1
udp-jitter 10.52.130.68 16384
num-packets 1000 interval 20
tos 0x20
frequency 60
request-data-size 172
ip sla schedule 1 life forever start-time now
B C
A A = 20 ms
B = 20 s (1000 x 20 ms)
C = 40 s (60 s – 20 s)
26. etychon-1#sh ip sla statistics 1
Round trip time (RTT) Index 1
Latest RTT: 1 ms
Latest operation start time: *10:33:11.335 PST Fri Oct 7 2005
Latest operation return code: OK
RTT Values
Number Of RTT: 20
RTT Min/Avg/Max: 1/1/4 ms
Latency one-way time milliseconds
Number of Latency one-way Samples: 20
Source to Destination Latency one way Min/Avg/Max: 1/1/2 ms
Destination to Source Latency one way Min/Avg/Max: 1/1/3 ms
Jitter time milliseconds
Number of Jitter Samples: 19
Source to Destination Jitter Min/Avg/Max: 4/4/4 ms
Destination to Source Jitter Min/Avg/Max: 3/3/3 ms
Packet Loss Values
Loss Source to Destination: 0 Loss Destination to Source: 0
Out Of Sequence: 0 Tail Drop: 0 Packet Late Arrival: 0
Voice Score Values
Calculated Planning Impairment Factor (ICPIF): 0
Mean Opinion Score (MOS): 0
Number of successes: 5
Number of failures: 3
Operation time to live: 3166 sec
27. UDP Jitter for VoIP
MOS
• Newly introduced in Cisco IOS 12.3(4)T -- ―Advanced‖ feature set
• Modified jitter operation reports both Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and
Calculated Planning Impairment Factor (ICPIF)
• Those results are estimates and should be used for comparison only
– should not be interpreted as reflecting actual customer opinions
• Supported Codecs:
– G.711 A Law (g711alaw: 64 kbps PCM compression method)
– G.711 mu Law (g711ulaw: 64 kbps PCM compression method)
– G.729A (g729a: 8 kbps CS-ACELP compression method)
• Note: this is not a real RTP voice stream, but it has the same
characteristics
– For real RTP stream generation, see IP SLAs‘ ―VoIP RTP‖ operation.
28. UDP Jitter for VoIP
Sample Configuration
• Operation parameters autoconfigured to simulate a G729a codec
• 1000 packets, interval 20 ms, frequency 60 s (default values)
ip sla 30
udp-jitter 192.1.3.2 16001 codec g729a
ip sla schedule 30 start-time now
29. IP SLA RTP VoIP Operation
The Context
• How to evaluate the clarity of a voice call?
• Existing operations measures at the IP level, but have no
idea on how call clarity is impacted.
• How to map jitter/delay/loss with an application experience
like VoIP?
• We move toward service-oriented SLAs, and therefore
looking at the application impact rather than at the pure IP
metrics.
30. The RTP Operation
• Sends a real RTP stream, generated in software.
• Received and Decoded by a real Digital Signal Processor
(DSP).
• The jitter and drop metrics will be measured directly in the
DSP, in hardware.
• We support two DSPs, on a variety of platforms.
IOS RTP RTP RTP RTP RTP
IOS
DSP RTP RTP RTP RTP RTP
31. Collected Set of Statistics
• As of today, the IP SLAs RTP VoIP Operation can measure and report the
following metrics:
– RFC1889 (RTP) inter-arrival Jitter at source and destination
– R-factor at source and destination
– MOS-CQ (Mean Opinion Score -- Conversation Quality) estimated value using R factor
and G.107 R-factor to MOS conversion table.
– Packet Loss at source and destination
– Network round trip time
– Early packets
– Packets Out of Sequence
– Late Packets
32. Cisco IOS Version Support
• Platforms supported: 175x, 2600, 2800, 3600, 3800, 7200
running 12.4(4)T ―IP Voice‖ or higher.
• In the original release, one does only measure in one
direction: responder to sender.
• The bi-directional operation was introduced in 12.4(6)T.
33. IP SLAs RTP VoIP
Config Example
controller E1 0/0
ds0-group 15 timeslots 3 type e&m-wink-start
ip sla 3
voip rtp 10.48.164.20 source-voice-port 0/0:15 codec
g711ulaw
ip sla schedule 3 start-time now
34. IP SLAs RTP VoIP
Output Example
etychon-s#sh ip sla sta 3 details
Round Trip Time (RTT) for Index 3
Type of operation: rtp
Latest operation start time: 07:24:11.941 UTC Mon Feb 27 2006
Latest operation return code: OK
Latest RTT (milliseconds): 0
Source Measurements:
Interarrival Jitter: 0
Packets Lost: 0 Packets OutOfSequence: 0
Packets Late: 0 Packets Early: 0
R-factor: 92 MOS-CQ: 4.34
Over thresholds occurred: FALSE
Operation time to live: Forever
Operational state of entry: Active
Last time this entry was reset: Never
35. Where? -> How to Probe?
• Optimize judiciously senders and responders placement.
– Full mesh
– Partial mesh (based on traffic matrix)
– Hub-and-Spoke
36. Nodes Operations
Where? 2 1
Full Mesh 3 3
4 6
5 10
6 15
7 21
8 28
n2 …
100
…
4950
• Good coverage, but…
• Number of operations is
proportional to the
square of the number of
nodes
• Does not scale
37. Where? • Determine a coverage
objective, ie: 30%.
Partial Mesh
• Build a traffic matrix to
identify the “hottest”
points (hint: use
NetFlow).
• Take the top 30% and
evenly distribute
operations
A B C D E F
B 5 6 7 5
C 1 7 12 12
D 7 5 5 11
E 4 4 12 2
F 3 8 4 18
38. Where?
Hub and Spoke
Some topologies are naturally ―hub and spoke‖
Branch offices
Service Providers with lots of CPEs
etc …
39. When?
When to run a test?
• Scheduling
• Multi-operation scheduling (groups)
• Randomized start-time
40. When?
Scheduling an operation to run
• Schedule operation 1 to start now:
ip sla schedule 1 start-time now
• Or at a specified time (8PM):
ip sla schedule 1 start-time 20:00:00
• Or in a recurrent way (every day at 8PM):
ip sla schedule 1 start-time 20:00:00
life 5 recurring
41. When?
Multi-Operation Scheduler
• Avoid overloading the router at boot with all operations starting at once.
– We introduce the notion of group.
• Starts many operations at once, with automatic smooth ―start-time‖.
– Introduced in 12.3(8)T
• Example: Start operations 1 to 10 within the next 10 seconds:
r1(config)#ip sla group schedule 1 1-10 schedule-period 10
start-time now
r1#sh ip sla op | i start
Latest operation start time: *12:50:51.599 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:52.599 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:53.599 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:34.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:35.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:36.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:37.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:38.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:39.579 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:50:40.591 PST Mon Apr 18 2005
42. When?
Randomized start-time
• Group start time can be randomized – avoids ―synchronization effect‖
– ie: test happens always at the same time something else happens, like a route update
• Example: Start operation 1 to 5 within the next 44 seconds, and each
operation will have a random frequency varying between 10 and 15 seconds
ip sla group schedule 1 1-5 schedule-period 44 frequency range 10-15 start-time now
life forever
etychon-1#sh ip sla op | i start
Latest operation start time: *12:56:12.243 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:56:06.323 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:56:07.743 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:56:13.323 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *12:56:08.643 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
etychon-1#sh ip sla op | i start
Latest operation start time: *13:00:19.423 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *13:00:15.895 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *13:00:21.015 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *13:00:25.303 PST Thu Oct 13 2005
Latest operation start time: *13:00:14.635 PST Thu Oct 13 2005 #CiscoPlusCA
43. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
44. IP SLA Accuracy...ICMP Echo Probe
ICMP Echo Probe
Sender Responder
(90% Process Load)
• With unloaded receiver, IPSLA measures 15.0 ms
• With high CPU load on the receiver: 58.5 ms!!
Any System Will Report Wrong Results when Excessive CPU Time Is
Spent on the Receiver Between the ICMP Echo Request and Echo
Reply
Fortunately, We Have a Solution…
45. Processing Time Measurement
• When running the responder, we have a clear advantage,
because…
– provides a mechanism to measure the processing time spent on the
receiving router
– inserts a timestamp when responder receives and sends the packet
– Receive timestamp done at interrupt level
• as soon as the packet is dequeued from the interface driver with absolute
priority over everything else
• Implemented for both UDP Echo and UDP Jitter operations
• Absolute tested accuracy is 1 ms.
– In other words, when it says 35 ms, it could be somewhere between 34
ms and 36 ms.
46. UDP Echo Operation (With IPSLA Responder)
T1 T2
T3
Sender T5 Responder
T4
Processing Delay on the Source: Tps = T5-T4
Processing Delay on the Destination: Tpd = T3-T2
Round Trip Time Delay: T = […] = T2 - T1 + T4 - T3
• We have no control of queuing delay on the source and
destination, but this is experienced by real traffic too, and must be
accounted as such
47. IP SLA Accuracy: UDP Echo Probe
UDP Echo Probe
Sender Responder
(90% Process Load)
• With unloaded receiver: 15.0 ms
• With 90% CPU receiver: 15.3 ms
The IPSLA Responder Processing Delay Will Be Subtracted from the
Final Results
48. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
51. Cisco IP SLA´s Performance:
UDP-Jitter for VoIP
UDP-Jitter Probe for VoIP (G.729a) Running Eng 3—Cisco IOS 15.1(4)M
Default Parameters: Frequency (60secs), Codec Packet Size (32bytes), Codec Interval (20ms), Codec Number of Packets (1000)
1921 2921 3925 3945 3945E
Operations (Total) 150 225 275 400 900
Operations/Second 2.5 3.75 4.58 6.7 15.0
Packets Per Second 2500.0 3750.0 4583.3 6733.3 15000.0
Operations/Min 150 225 275 400 900
CPU Usage ~59% ~61% ~43% ~54% ~43%
Each configuration being different, use those numbers with care: they are only an indication.
No SNMP polling were performed to gather the operation results
53. Performance Conclusions
• Under normal conditions and with reasonable targets, a
performance issue with IP SLA is unlikely
• Memory usage is reasonable, and should never be a
problem on any platform.
54. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
55. IP SLA Reaction Conditions
Reaction Trigger to Events
• Can send SNMP traps for certain ―triggering‖ events: Trigger:
– Connection Loss and Timeout
•Immediate
– Round Trip Time Threshold
•Consecutive
– Average Jitter Threshold
– Unidirectional packet loss, latency, jitter, MOS Scores
•X of Y times
•Average Exceeded
• Can trigger another IP SLA operation for further analysis
Threshold No Alert Threshold
Alert
Violation Violation Alert
100 ms
50 ms
Threshold
Time violation Resolution #CiscoPlusCA
56. Proactive Notification
• Simulating G.711 A-Law codec (64 kbps transmission) VoIP Call
set default values for:
Enables system message - codec-numpackets,
Source # logging globally - codec-size, &
logging on - codec-interval
ip sla 10
udp-jitter 209.165.200.225 dest-port 16384 codec g711alaw advantage-factor 2
owner admin
tag jitter-with-voice-scores
ip sla schedule 10 start-time now
ip sla reaction-configuration 10 react mos threshold-type immediate threshold-
value 490 250 action-type trapOnly
ip sla logging traps connectionLoss,
jitterAvg,
jitterDSAvg,
snmp-server host 10.10.10.10 version 2c public
snmp-server enable traps syslog jitterSDAvg,
Mos,
PacketLossDS,
PacketLossSD
To translate syslog into Rtt,
traps Timeout,
verifyError
57. Common Questions…
• How should I configure my operations to accurately measure
jitter/delay/packet loss?
• How many packets should be sent per operation?
• How frequently?
• What percentage of my bandwidth should be dedicated for
measurement?
58. Spectrum of Test
• This is the proportion of time during which the network is
under test
• A small spectrum of test means a small probability of
catching an event
• For example: running a test for 20 seconds every
60 seconds is equivalent to a 33% spectrum of test
59. Spectrum of Test
Network Is This Event
Under Test Was Missed
Delay
Time
60. Spectrum of Test
Network is Fault Is
Under Test Detected
Delay
Time
61. Number of Packets
• The more packets sent:
The larger the population
The more diluted are the results
• At identical frequency, the longer the operation, and the wider the test
spectrum.
• Example of result dilution with the same spectrum, but a bigger number of
packets per operation.
Non-diluted: Diluted:
62. Frequency
• The operation frequency, as well as
operation duration, have a direct impact
on the SPECTRUM OF COVERAGE
• Increasing the frequency will increase
your spectrum of coverage, and
increase the bandwidth consumed but
will not change the accuracy
63. Interval Effect of Jitter
• Longer intervals ultimately measures bigger jitter, because of coarse
granularity:
Delay
Time
Jitter
64. Interval Effect of Jitter
• Shorter intervals measurements are more granular, and hence give less
jitter:
Delay
Time
Jitter
65. Interval and Jitter
• Compare different jitter measurements ONLY if the
measurement intervals are identical
• Short interval is more accurate, but more expensive
– Use occasionally to have a true application-like jitter
• Long interval is less accurate, but consumes less bandwidth
– Use to expand test spectrum and keep an eye on jitter trends
66. Packet Size
• The main effect of packet size is to modify the
SERIALIZATION DELAY
• On fast links, this is negligible compared to the propagation
delay, so the packet size has little or not effect but to
consume bandwidth
• Use small packets of fast links, like on core network
• Use realistic packets for low-speed access links, where the
serialization delay is a factor we need
to count
67. Auto IP SLA
aka Engine 3
All New in 15.1(1)T
• Template Based CLI (Modular CLI)
• QoS Integration
• End-Point Auto Registration
• Cross-OS code base (works on Linux and FreeBSD)
• Responder performance enhancement
68. What, Where, When...
• ip sla auto-measure group wacho
destination ip-address alist-1 port 16000
type jitter
schedule id wa-sched
• ip sla list ip-address alist-1
ip-addresses 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2, 3.3.3.3
ip-addresses 10.1.1.1-100
ip-addresses exclude 10.1.1.5, 10.1.1.8
• ip sla auto-measure schedule wa-sched
start-time now
69. QoS Integration (example)
Observation: Need to send the same operation in each class.
Problem: Provision the same operation multiple times is lengthy, error prone, and
counter productive.
Solution: Discover the QoS classes on the outgoing interface and automatically
instantiate probes.
}
class-map voice-traffic
match dscp EF
QoS Class Definition
class-map data-traffic
match dscp AFnn
Automatically
policy auto-measure instantiate IP SLA
class voice-traffic
measure type ip-sla group voice-traffic-probes-grp
class data-traffic
measure type ip-sla group udp-jitter-probes-grp
} probes
70. End-Point Auto Registration
ip sla auto group test Hub to Spoke-1
measure type udp-jitter ip sla 34567
udp-jitter 10.10.10.2 5000
destination auto-discover dest-port 5000 Hub to Spoke-2
schedule now ip sla 87422
udp-jitter 20.20.20.2 5000
Hub to Spoke-3
Hub ip sla 363435
udp-jitter 30.30.30.2 5000
spoke-3
172.17.0.5
30.30.30.2 ip sla responder auto-register 172.17.0.5
10.10.10.2
20.20.20.2
spoke -1
spoke-2 ip sla responder auto-register 172.17.0.5
ip sla responder auto-register 172.17.0.5
71. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
72. Instrumentation and Management
• IP SLA fits in what is called Device Instrumentation
• Can be used standalone or it can be combined with other instrumentation
– e.g. Enhanced Object Tracking (EOT) Embedded Event Manager (EEM),
Performance Routing (PfR)
• To unleash its full potential, it works best with a Network Management
application
• Configuration
• Topology Management
Network Management • Data Retrieval
Application • Graphing
• Reporting
• Web Portal
• And much more!
73. Cisco Product Support
Cisco Prime Products
• LAN Management Solution
– Probe Configuration and Monitoring
– Most Operations supported
• Unified Operations Manager
– Voice Performance
– Configuration and Monitoring
• Collaboration Manager
– Video Performance
– Configuration and Monitoring
• Performance Manager
– IP SLA Reporting
#CiscoPlusCA
75. Agenda
• Introduction
• What is Cisco IP SLAs?
• Use Cases
• Configuration
• Accuracy
• Performance and Scalability
• Getting the Most out of IP SLAs
• Management Tools
• Summary and Conclusion
76. References
• Cisco IOS IPSLA home page
http://www.cisco.com/go/ipsla
• For questions related to Cisco IP SLAs that cannot be
handled by the Technical Assistance Center (TAC), feel free
to write an email to:
ask-ipsla@cisco.com
• Cisco Prime products
http://www.cisco.com/go/prime
78. Summary and Conclusion
• IP SLA is a Cisco IOS feature available today to actively and
proactively measure and report many network metrics.
• It is easy to use, and is supported by many existing network
management applications.
• We also have Ethernet OAM (for Metro Ethernet
Performance), MPLS OAM (L2 MPLS tests), Gatekeeper
Registration, H323/SIP Call Setup operation, and many other
features.
79. We value your feedback.
Please be sure to complete the Evaluation Form for this session.
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