IGRP and EIGRP.
Comparison between traditional Distance Vector Routing Protocols and Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocols.
EIGRP Message Format and Packet Header.
EIGRP Parameters (K1,K2, K3, K4, K5, Reserved, and Hold Time).
Protocol Dependent Modules (PDM).
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP).
EIGRP Packet Types (Hello Packets, Update packets, Acknowledgment packets, Query and Reply packets).
EIGRP Bounded Updates.
Introduction to DUAL Algorithm.
EIGRP Administrative Distance.
The router eigrp Command, the network command with a Wildcard Mask, Verifying EIGRP and using the Bandwidth command
EIGRP Metric Calculation, EIGRP uses Bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load in its metric.
DUAL Concepts, successor, Feasible distance (FD), Feasible successor (FS), Reported distance (RD)/ AD and Feasibility Condition (FC).
DUAL Finite State Machine, Null0 Summary Route, Disabling Automatic Summarization, Manual Summarization and EIGRP default route
Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks (SWITCH 300-115) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco CCNP Routing and Switching and CCDP certifications.http://www.pass4suredumps.in/300-115.html
IGRP and EIGRP.
Comparison between traditional Distance Vector Routing Protocols and Enhanced Distance Vector Routing Protocols.
EIGRP Message Format and Packet Header.
EIGRP Parameters (K1,K2, K3, K4, K5, Reserved, and Hold Time).
Protocol Dependent Modules (PDM).
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP).
EIGRP Packet Types (Hello Packets, Update packets, Acknowledgment packets, Query and Reply packets).
EIGRP Bounded Updates.
Introduction to DUAL Algorithm.
EIGRP Administrative Distance.
The router eigrp Command, the network command with a Wildcard Mask, Verifying EIGRP and using the Bandwidth command
EIGRP Metric Calculation, EIGRP uses Bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load in its metric.
DUAL Concepts, successor, Feasible distance (FD), Feasible successor (FS), Reported distance (RD)/ AD and Feasibility Condition (FC).
DUAL Finite State Machine, Null0 Summary Route, Disabling Automatic Summarization, Manual Summarization and EIGRP default route
Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks (SWITCH 300-115) is a qualifying exam for the Cisco CCNP Routing and Switching and CCDP certifications.http://www.pass4suredumps.in/300-115.html
Automating for Monitoring and Troubleshooting your Cisco IOS NetworkCisco Canada
Do you wish that you could provide more automatic methods to monitor your network? Have you ever wasted hours to capture evidence of a transient network issue? Do you know which part of your network is likely to fail next? And how to prevent it? Your Cisco IOS® Network provides a wealth of advanced device manageability instrumentation (DMI) and Embedded Automation Systems (EASy) to design and implement your own Network Automations. Learn how Network Automation allows you to automate manual tasks, better operate existing network services and even enable new and innovative networking solutions. This session uncovers embedded Network Automation capabilities you can use to interact with your network elements for the purpose of implementing network testing, verification and service assurance in a more effective, efficient and robust way. Network Automation fundamentals as well as the choice and use of appropriate practices are illustrated through a combination of presentation and best practice examples. The topic is relevant for network planners and administrators, engineers and system integrators for both enterprises and service providers.
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Cisco CCNA IP SLA with tracking configurationHamed Moghaddam
Cisco CCNA/CCNP Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
http://asmed.com/information-technology-it/
Introduction to Network Performance Measurement with Cisco IOS IP Service Lev...Cisco Canada
IP SLA is a Cisco IOS feature available today to actively and proactively measure and report many network metrics. It is easy to use, and is supported by many existing network management applications.
Automating with NX-OS: Let's Get Started!Cisco DevNet
A session in the DevNet Zone at Cisco Live, Berlin. Cisco's flagship data center platform, the Nexus series of switches, has a variety of programming protocols to offer. This session will provide participants with an overview and code examples on various protocols: * NX-API * XMPP * Netconf
Computer networks allow users to share resources and to communicate. Can you imagine a world without emails, online newspapers, blogs, web sites and the other services offered by the Internet? Networks also allow users to share resources such as printers, applications, files, directories, and storage drives. This chapter provides an overview of network principles, standards, and purposes. IT professionals must be familiar with networking concepts to meet the expectations and needs of customers and network users.
You will learn the basics of network design and how devices on the network impact the flow of data. These devices include hubs, switches, access points, routers, and firewalls. Different Internet connection types such as DSL, cable, cellular and satellite are also covered. You will learn about the four layers of the TCP/IP model and the functions and protocols associated with each layer. You will also learn about many wireless networks and protocols. This includes IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN protocols, wireless protocols for close proximity, like Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), and smart home protocol standards like Zigbee and Z-wave. This knowledge will help you successfully design, implement, and troubleshoot networks. The chapter concludes with discussions on network cable types; twisted-pair, fiber-optic, and coaxial. You will learn how each type of cable is constructed, how they carry data signals, and appropriate use cases for each.
It is important to not only learn about computer network operation and components but also to build hands-on skills. In this chapter you will build and to test a straight-through Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Ethernet network cable.
Need fast network connectivity for your business, but a fiber installation is too expensive and time-consuming?
NEC’s EX Advanced a versatile wireless network solution is the answer. Ex Advanced delivers fiber-fast connectivity in a low-cost, easy-to-install package.
Powered by NEC’s carrier-grade technology, the EX Advanced delivers the highest data throughput of any wireless technology currently available.
Learn more today - http://info.necam.com/the-power-to-connect
Fiber optics based schemes modeling and simulation of QoS for Wi-Fi scenario...IJECEIAES
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) network is created on the IEEE 802.11 standard. Connections for local devices in homes and business arenas are provided by Wi-Fi units. With the growing demand as well as penetration of wireless services, the wireless networks users now assume Quality of Service (QoS) besides performances comparable to what is accessible from secure networks. In this paper, OPNET Modeler is used as module and for the simulation of a fiber optic-based Wi-Fi network within a fixed local area network. The aim of this paper is to evaluate their Quality of service (QoS) performances in terms of Wi-Fi voice-packet delay and End-to-End for both Wi-Fi base fiber and Wi-Fi base line. Many scenarios, with same Physical and MAC parameters, have many subnet networks are implementing with fiber optics baseline in addition to Wi-Fi baseline, were created in the network OPNET simulation tool for obtaining the results. The results of simulation reveal that base line demonstrated more delay than base fiber.
Interested or exploring GPON technology? This document will help you to gain an understanding of the technology and discover why this maturing, disruptive technology is part of the future of your campus network. Discover the Difference, Discover GPON today.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Bandwidth and network requirements—Increasing bandwidth and network requirements are driven by a unified service network, transporting video, voice, and data, and supporting mission critical functions and applications.Consolidated data centers—Rather than operating local data servers at the branch, information is consolidated at a central local. A primary goal with this consolidation is to gain centralized security and management control, to comply with corporate governance mandates driven in part by government and industry regulations.Mobility—The dispersion of the staff coupled with the consolidation of the IT resources has resulted is a significant WAN load as distant users compete for access across the WAN. Not addressing the issue of the consolidated data center, coupled with users' mobility, has left legacy branch offices with poor application response time and therefore disgruntled users.Disparate networks—Branch offices that are built in isolation tend to run aging and separate voice and data networks, which do not benefit from the use of collaborative communications applications hosted in IP call servers. Different circuit-switched private branch exchanges (PBXs) from different vendors might exist at various branch office sites, each with its own feature set, proprietary technology, and special operational requirements.Management costs—Generally as branch office sites develop, often without much strategic thought given to future requirements, equipment and services are added to solve specific problems. The result then is a patchwork of network devices in which branch offices often have very different equipment and architectures. For this reason, branch offices are often extremely costly to manage and troubleshoot. In addition, rolling out new services across inconsistent branch office infrastructures is extremely difficult.
Bandwidth and service availability are largely based on the choices of access and connectivity technologies. Technologies such as digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable usually provide dynamic IP addressing, and therefore a default route is created at the moment of connection. Virtual private networks (VPNs) are created using technologies such as IPsec. However, IPsec does not support dynamic routing protocols, and therefore complementary technologies such as generic routing encapsulation (GRE) should be considered.Resiliency considerations will typically result in alternative paths to the central location and other branches, and this will impact your choice of routing tools. Your choice of routing protocol is important because it will impact routing convergence, backup routes, load sharing, and so on. The traffic and service mix (such as NAT, QoS, ACLs, and WAN optimization) will also have an impact in routing facilities. Other considerations include security and mobility requirements due to the requirement to connect to a central office and also serving mobile users
Cisco ISR = Integrated Services Router
For more information, see http://cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns1015/
Branch offices typically use diverse applications (for example, e-mail, web-based applications, mission-critical applications, real-time collaboration, voice, video, and videoconferencing) that require high-bandwidth connections.
Broadband is often referred to as high-speed access to the Internet because it refers to any connection of 256 Kbps or greater.
Cities with municipal Wifi: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_wireless_network#Cities_with_Municipal_Wi-Fi
The following properties differentiate DSL variants:Nature: The nature of DSL is the relationship between downstream and upstream speeds. Synchronous DSL has the same speed in both directions, while asynchronous DSL has different downstream and upstream speeds.Maximum data rate: This defines the maximum speed that you can deploy with a certain type of DSL.Line coding technology: This describes the technique used to represent digital signals transported over a copper twisted pair so that the receiver can interpret the signals accurately.Data and voice support: Depending on the usage of the available frequency spectrum, certain DSL types support data and voice simultaneously while other types do not.Maximum distance: This describes the maximum distance that a certain type of DSL connection can span.
Most DSL networks use ATM as the data-link layer protocol. In basic terms, a DSLAM is an ATM switch with DSL interface cards (ATU-Cs). The DSLAM terminates the ADSL connections and then switches the traffic over an ATM network to an aggregation router. The aggregation router is the Layer 3 device where IP connections from the subscriber terminate. There are three ways to encapsulate IP packets over an ATM and DSL connection:RFC 1483/2684 BridgedPPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)PPP over ATM (PPPoA)In RFC 1483 Bridging, the ADSL CPE bridges the Ethernet frame from the end user’s PC to the aggregation router, where integrated routing and bridging (IRB) provides connectivity to the IP cloud. RFC 1483 Bridging has security and scalability issues, making it unpopular. ISPs are now opting for PPPoE and PPPoA, both of which are much more scalable and secure but involve a more complex implementation.
Most DSL networks use ATM as the data-link layer protocol. In basic terms, a DSLAM is an ATM switch with DSL interface cards (ATU-Cs). The DSLAM terminates the ADSL connections and then switches the traffic over an ATM network to an aggregation router. The aggregation router is the Layer 3 device where IP connections from the subscriber terminate. There are three ways to encapsulate IP packets over an ATM and DSL connection:RFC 1483/2684 BridgedPPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)PPP over ATM (PPPoA)In RFC 1483 Bridging, the ADSL CPE bridges the Ethernet frame from the end user’s PC to the aggregation router, where integrated routing and bridging (IRB) provides connectivity to the IP cloud. RFC 1483 Bridging has security and scalability issues, making it unpopular. ISPs are now opting for PPPoE and PPPoA, both of which are much more scalable and secure but involve a more complex implementation.
To summarize the stages of a DSL connection: Inside traffic is routed to the dialer interface (Dialer 0). Dialer 0 being a virtual interface, which has been configured to enlist the help of any physical interfaces member of the dialer pool 1, will turn to interface ATM 0/0. Interface ATM 0/0 has been configured to bring up a DSL connection using PPP encapsulation. When the service provider core router requests a username and a password, the credentials configured under interface Dialer 0 will be presented. The core router then provides an IP address to the ATM 0/0 interface, and the Internet connection will be active. Inside users leaving through the Internet connection are provided with the IP address of the virtual interface.
IPsec provides two significant benefits:Encryption—Using a cryptographic algorithm, IPsec encrypts the data exchanged by the corporate offices that are using the public Internet.Encapsulation—Using tunneling technology, it encapsulate the data as it leaves a corporate site, thus protecting its original IP address and providing the illusion to the recipient that the sender is located within the organization.IPsec encryption provides three major services:Confidentiality—Confidentiality provides encryption during the exchange of the data. Only the recipient in possession of the valid key can decrypt the packets. Confidentiality is provided by cryptographic algorithms, such as Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).Integrity—Integrity provides a check to confirm that the data was not altered during the transmission. Integrity checks are provides by hashing algorithms such as message digest algorithm 5 (MD5) and Secure Hash (SHA).
The output from the debug crypto ipsec command indicates that the VPN link has been activated.”
The output from the show crypto session command indicates that the VPN link is now up and active.
The output from the show crypto ipsec sa command indicates that four packets have been encrypted and decrypted.
GRE adds an additional 24 bytes to the original packet.
To check whether ACLs are filtering traffic on the router, use the show ip interface command and the show access-lists commands.
The access list called FIREWALL-INBOUND, currently configured in R1, could be part of a bigger firewalling strategy, and therefore we need to investigate further whether our IOS router is configured to act as a firewall.
We find out that we have a classic firewall configured inbound on R1. We can also see which access lists are involved in the access control process, so we can quickly make a note and proceed to change the ACLs to allow IPsec traffic. In this example the access list is conveniently called FIREWALL-INBOUND, which we looked at earlier. We can also test to see if ZBF is also configured. However the lack of output indicates that it is not configured.
NAT-T (NAT transversal en IKE) es un mecanismo en IPsec para la encapsulación UDP de los paquetes ESP para que pasen mejor a través de los cortafuegos. La negociación durante la fase IKE se define en la RFC 3947 y el encapsulado UDP en la RFC 3948.La funcionalidad existe en Microsoft Windows XP con Service Pack 2 pero tiene que ser habilitada.Todos los vendedores más importantes (Cisco, Juniper, etc) soportan NAT-T para IKEv1 en sus dispositivos también.[editar]RFCs de NAT-TRFC 3715IPsec-Network AddressTranslation (NAT) CompatibilityRequirementsRFC 3947Negotiation of NAT transversal in IKERFC 3948UDP Encapsulation of IPsec ESP Packets
The edge router is providing NAT to the internal network.