The document provides an overview of TCP/IP and its implementation on the LPC2300/LPC2400 family microcontrollers. It discusses the similarities between blocks across the LPC2000 family, including the Ethernet controller and other peripherals. It then describes the TCP/IP network stack layers and protocols like IP, TCP, UDP. Examples are given of open source and commercial TCP/IP stacks that can be used on these devices, including NicheLite, NicheStack, Keil's RTX TCP/IP suite. Recommendations are made for further reading materials on Ethernet specifications.

1. LPC2300/LPC2400 TCP/IP Overview
TCP/IP and LPC2300/LPC2400 Family
October 2007

2. Introduction to the LPC2300/LPC2400 Family
Family is an important word in the title
– All blocks across the LPC2000 family are similar
– USB of the LPC2148 is the same as the device part of the
LPC2300/LPC2400
– All SSPs are the same
– All I2Cs are the same
– Fast port implementation is the same available In develop.
– These are just a few examples
LPC24xx
LPC23xx LPC24xx
LPC23xx
Functionality
LPC2368 LPC2378 • Ethernet (MII+RMII)
LPC24xx • USB FS Device
• USB Host/OTG
• Ethernet (RMII)
LPC2366 • 2 x CAN
• USB FS Device
• Ext. Memory (SDRAM, SRAM)
• 2 x CAN
• 96K SRAM
LPC2364
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3. Identical block memory maps
LPC2148 SSP Memory Map LPC23XX SSP Memory Map
Same functions, same address - LPC23XX/LPC24XX adds DMA
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4. LPC2300/LPC2400
Ethernet
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5. Application
What is a TCP/IP Stack? Layer
Transport
Layer
Application Application Network
Header Data Layer
TCP TCP Data
Header
Data Link
IP IP Data
Layer
Header
Frame Frame Frame
Header Data Trailer
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6. Basic Ethernet Frame
All numbers are in Bytes
PRE (preamble) - alternating 1’s/0’s
SOF (Start of Frame) - alternating 1’s/0’s but last two bits are “11”
DA (Destination Address) – who gets it
SA (Source Address) – who sent it
[NOT SHOWN: optional VLAN header, 4 bytes]
Length/Type – interpreted as length when <= 1518d or as type when >
1536d
Data payload – minimum of 46, maximum of 1500 bytes
FCS (Frame Check Sequence) – is the CRC of DA, SA, VLAN (if
present), Length/Type, and Data payload
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7. What is the TCP/IP Stack Demo?
Web
Browser HTTP
PC Laptop Keil MCB2300 Board
Server
App Application Application App
TCP Network Network TCP
Router/Hub/Switch
IP Data Link Data Link Data Link IP
Frame Transport Transport Transport Frame
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8. TCP/IP API Embedded TCP/IP API will typically be a
partial or complete version of the Berkeley
Sockets API
Web
PC Laptop Browser Keil LPC2300 Board
HTTP
Server
Client Server
socket() socket()
recv(), send() bind()
close() listen()
accept()
recv(), send()
close()
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9. Source Code from NXP Semiconductors
TCP/IP Stack NXP Sample Code NIcheLite for LPC
•TFTP client and server
•DHCP client
Application •DNS client
•Simple Web Server
•Virtual File System
•Command-line
Transport TCP, mini-sockets API
Network IP, ICMP, ARP, UDP
Data Link (MAC) Ethernet Frame Ethernet Frame
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10. Software from Interniche
Nichelite NicheStack IPv4
•Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Feature rich TCP/IP adds:
•Internet Protocol (IP) •Support for NAT Routing
•Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) •Fragmentation and re-assembly
•User Datagram Protocol (UDP) •IP Routing:
•Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Routes set via ICMP, SNMP, IGP, etc.
•Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol •Loop back test driver
(DHCP) Client •Optimized checksum routines
•Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) •Multi Homed IP support
•Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) •Support for Auto-IP Assignment
•Domain Name Service (DNS) client
•Simple Web Server Add
•Virtual File System •BSD Sockets
•Command-line •Telnet server
•FTP server
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11. Software from Interniche
Options available for Nichelite & NicheStack IPv4
Device Management
• Utilities (FTP,Telnet,FileSystem)
• E-mail (SMTP, POP3)
• Webserver (HTTP server, SSL)
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Gateway Protocols
• Domain Name Server (DNS)
• Network Address Translation Router (NAT)
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Security
• Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
• IP Security (IPSec) ,
• Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
• Cryptography (DES, AES, 3DES)
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12. NicheLite for LPC
Architectural Overview
TFTP App1 ... AppN
Listener
UDP TCP
ARP, DHCP, DNS Services
Memory Management
RTOS Abstraction
IP
Buffer queues
Receive
queue
Device Driver
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13. NicheLite w/Add-ons
Architectural Overview
TFTP SNMP App1 ... AppN
Telnet FTP HTTP
UDP TCP
ARP, DHCP, DNS Services
Memory Management
RTOS Abstraction
PPP
IP
Buffer queues
Receive
queue
Device Driver
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14. NicheStack
Architectural Overview
TFTP SNMP App1 ... AppN
Telnet FTP HTTP
SSL
UDP Raw TCP
ARP, DHCP, DNS Services
Memory Management
RTOS Abstraction
PPP
IP (v4/v6)
NAT
IP Filtering
Buffer queues
Receive
queue
Device Driver
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15. RealView Microcontroller Development Kit
Third Party RealView Microcontroller RealView Real-Time
Utilities Development Kit Library
Software Version
Software Version µVision Editor
µVision Editor
Control System
Control System Project Management & Make Utility
Project Management & Make Utility
RTX Real-Time Kernel
RTX Real-Time Kernel
PC-LINT
PC-LINT RealView C/C++ RealView
RealView C/C++ RealView TCP/IP Network Suite
intensive syntax check
intensive syntax check
Compiler Macro Assembler TCP/IP Network Suite
with MISRA support
with MISRA support Compiler Macro Assembler TCP, UDP, PPP, and SLIP Interface
TCP, UDP, PPP, and SLIP Interface
HTTP Server with CGI Scripting
HTTP Server with CGI Scripting
Telnet Server, TFTP Server
I-Logix Rhapsody
I-Logix Rhapsody Libraries
Libraries Telnet Server, TFTP Server
SMTP Client, DNS Resolver
SMTP Client, DNS Resolver
UML 2.0
UML 2.0
GUI Library
GUI Library RealView Linker
RealView Linker Flash File System
Flash File System
with Display Simulation
with Display Simulation
CAN Connector
CAN Connector µVision Debugger
µVision Debugger USB Device Interface
USB Device Interface
for Device Simulation
for Device Simulation
MATLAB/Simulink
MATLAB/Simulink CPU & Peripheral
CPU & Peripheral Keil ULINK
Keil ULINK CAN Interface
CAN Interface
Simulation Interface
Simulation Interface Simulation
Simulation JTAG Adapter
JTAG Adapter
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16. RealView Real-Time Library
Extensive library of common ready-to-use components, speed software
development.
RealView Real-Time
Library Meets Embedded Developers needs
– Solves Common Embedded Challenges
RTX Real-Time Kernel
RTX Real-Time Kernel • Real-Time Systems
• Embedded Communication
TCP/IP Network Suite
TCP/IP Network Suite – Designed for use with MCU Devices
TCP, UDP, PPP, and SLIP Interface
TCP, UDP, PPP, and SLIP Interface
HTTP Server with CGI Scripting
HTTP Server with CGI Scripting – High level of Re-use
Telnet Server, TFTP Server
Telnet Server, TFTP Server
Examples
Examples
SMTP Client, DNS Resolver
SMTP Client, DNS Resolver Extensive Range of Application Examples
– As with all Keil tools.
Flash File System
Flash File System – Can be used as building blocks.
USB Device Interface
Royalty Free
USB Device Interface
– RTX (Object) included in RealView MDK.
CAN Interface
CAN Interface
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17. Software from Keil
The TCP/IP Network Suite is a TCP/IP stack implemented
specifically for embedded applications.
Application Layer
•DNS
•TFTP & Telnet
•SMTP Client
•Embedded Web server with CGI and password protection.
Transport Layer
•TCP and UDP sockets
Data Link Layer
•Ethernet, PPP and SLIP interfaces
KeilTM includes the TCP/IP stack in their RT-Library
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18. Real-Time Library Examples
C:KeilARMARTXExamples Example Projects provide a basic configuration and
help you to get running quickly.
All examples run on Evaluation Boards.
RTOS Kernel Examples
Artx_ex1 Use basic RTOS kernel features: timeouts & signals.
Artx_ex2 Show task priorities and signal passing.
Mailbox Using the Mailbox and Memory Allocation functions.
Traffic Complete Traffic Light Controller with serial communication.
TCP/IP Networking Examples
easyWeb Simple Web interface
Http_demo HTTP Server with Password Protection and CGI Scripting.
Telnet_demo Telnet Server shows a simple IP based command line interface.
DNS_demo Using the DNS resolver that connects to host names.
LEDSwitch Controlling with TCP/IP, UCP via Ethernet, SLIP or PPP Link.
SMTP_demo Shows sending of a dynamic message to an email address.
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19. Real-Time Library Examples
HTTP Server with CGI Interface
– Server provides authentication and allows multiple
sessions
– A CGI interface allows interaction with MCU hardware.
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20. Micrium Ethernet Products
µC/TCP-IP is a compact, reliable, high performance
TCP/IP protocol stack from the makers of uCOS.
• Built from the ground up with Micrium's renowned quality
• Highly scalable and reliable,
• Rapid configuration
• Full Berkeley 4.4 socket layer interface
• TFTPs , FTPc, FTPs
• HTTPs, SNTPc
• POP3c, SMTPc
• DHCPc, DNSc
• TELNETcs Q4-2007
• PPPc Q4-2007
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21. EasyWeb
Tiny TCP/IP Stack and Web Server
This small TCP/IP stack and web server was published in the
extra issue ‘Embedded Internet’ of the magazine Design &
Elektronik.
For a complete German description of this software the extra
issue can be ordered at www.elektroniknet.de/extraheft.
Original port to MCB2300 for ARM Compiler (Keil) available as part of
Keil ARM software distribution.
Port to GNU available on yahoo groups site:
– http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/lpc2000/
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22. EasyWeb
Tiny TCP/IP Stack and Web Server
This TCP/IP stack handles the ARP, ICMP, IP and TCP protocols. It is optimized
for low resource consumption, not for performance. Because of the low
resource consumption, the TCP/IP stack has some restrictions:
Only one active TCP session at the same time
No reassembling of fragmented incoming IP frames
No buffering of TCP segments that are received in wrong order
No checksum verification of received data
no support for ‘type of service (TOS)’ and security options
received TCP options are ignored
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23. uIP Stack
GPL Licensed Code
Mr. Adam Dunkels created the uIP stack and makes it
available under a BSD-Style License.
•ARP-protocol implemented in the higher layer as provided in the
original UiP software.
•Other high layer protocol functions can be added to this basic
software.
•The main routine uses polling making it easy to call the routines
by a real-time OS.
port available here:
• http://www.freertos.org/portlpc2368uIP.html (rowley)
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24. uIP Stack
GPL Licensed Code
Supports
Speed support 10 or 100 MB/s
Half-, full duplex or loopback mode
Receive fragmentation of frames
Supports MII or RMII interface
Flexible receive and transmit buffer configuration to adapt to frame formats required by application
Different receive filter capabilities to reduce the amount of packet processing
Uses DMA engine in the Ethernet controller
Interrupt driven
Currently not supported:
Imperfect hash filtering
Transmit flow control
Transmit fragmentation of frames
Wake-up on LAN (WoL)
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25. Recommended Reading
Ethernet: The Definitive Guide (O’Reilly)
– Chapter 1 (Evolution of Ethernet)
– Chapter 2 (Ethernet System operation)
– Chapter 3 (MAC Protocol, half-duplex)
– Chapter 4 (full-duplex)
– Chapter 5 (Auto-negotiation)
– Chapter 6 (Media, MII signal definition)
– Chapter 7 (10BASE-T)
– Chapter 9 (100BASE-TX)
RMII Specification
– www.national.com/appinfo/networks/files/rmii_1_2.pdf
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