This document discusses managing multi-layer networks and the challenges of closing the control loop in autonomic networks. It proposes using the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) model, which provides a common structure and set of protocols across layers to simplify network management. RINA could reduce costs and downtime compared to the Internet Protocol (IP) model with its many isolated protocols for each layer. The document provides examples of how data center networks and service provider networks could be modeled and managed using RINA.

1. Dr. Sven van der Meer
NM Lab, Ericsson
Sven.van.der.meer@ericsson.com
what about the Network?
How to manage multi-layer Networks

2. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 2
Adaptive Automation
Pattern & Adaptive Policy
Model-based Everything
› Models
› Supporting A, P, COM
› For semantic
interoperability
› Catalogs
› For detailed information
and history
› Solutions sets
› For easy DEVOPS
› Other Information
› Context, context, and
context

3. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 3
Adaptive Automation
Pattern & Adaptive Policy
Separation of concern
› A: Lift Analyze Process
› Lift data into loop
› Recognize and match
› Generate insights
› P: Decide, Recommend
› Automate decisions
› Requires adaptivity
› COM: Validate, Apply
› Semantic, (non-)
functional validation
› Translate to target
› Commit

4. One More Problem –
The network Architecture
TCP as well as ePC

5. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 5
The Problem with IP
• Functional layers organized for modularity, each layer
provides a different service to each other
– As the RM is applied to the real world, it proofs to be
incomplete. As a consequence, new layers are patched into
the reference model as needed (layers 2.5, VLANs, VPNs,
virtual network overlays, tunnels, MAC-in-MAC, etc.)
(Theory) (Practice)

6. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 6
Commonality is Key
• Commonality and consistency in RINA greatly simplifies
management models, opening the door to increased
automation in multi-layer networks
– Reduce opex, network downtime, speed-up network service delivery,
reduce components that need to be standardised
From managing a set of layers, each
with its own protocols, concepts and
definitions …
… to managing a common, repeating
structure of two protocols and different
policies

7. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 7
RINA Macro Structure
Single Layer Type, Repeated, Programmable Policies
Host
Border
router
Interior
Router
DIF
DIF DIF
Border
router
DIFDIF
DIF (Distributed IPC Facility)
Host
App
A
App
B
Consiste
nt API
through
layers
IPC API
Data Transfer Data Transfer
Control
Layer Management
SDU
Delimiting
Data Transfer
Relaying and
Multiplexing
SDU
Protection
Retransmissio
n Control
Flow Control
RIB
Daemo
n
RIB
CDAP
Parser/Genera
tor
CACEP
Enrollment
Flow
Allocation
Resource
Allocation
Routing
Authenticati
on
State
Vector
State
Vector
State
Vector
Data TransferData Transfer
Retransmissio
n Control
Retransmissio
n Control
Flow ControlFlow Control
Increasing timescale (functions performed less often) and complexity
Namespace
Management
Security
Management

8. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 8
Example: DCN
• Large-scale DCN connects around 100k servers, how to
realize and manage the DCN with RINA and IP?

9. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 9
Example: DCN w/TCP
• Data plane (up), control plane (down).L3-only fabric
9
ToR ToRFabric Spine Fabric
Server ServerIPv4 or IPv6 (Fabric layer)
UDPVM VM
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
VXLAN802.1Q802.3 802.1Q
IPv4 or IPv6 (tenant overlay)
TCP or UDPor SCTP, … (transport layer)
802.3
Protocol conversion,
Local bridging
ToR ToRFabric Spine FabricServer
Server
IPv4 or IPv6 (Fabric layer)
TCP
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
LACP
Ethernet
LACP
Ethernet
TCP
eBGP eBGP
TCP TCP
eBGP eBGP
TCP
eBGP
TCP
eBGP

10. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 10
Example: DCN w/RINA
• Overall design (up), Fabric addressing plan (down)
Simplifying multi-layer network management with RINA 10
PtP DIF PtP DIF PtP DIF PtP DIF
PtP DIF PtP DIFPtP DIFPtP DIF
DC Fabric DIF
Tenant DIF
ToR ToR
VM Server Server VM
FabricFabric Spine

11. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 11
DCN Models: IP vs. RINA
Concept IP RINA
Interfaces
IPv4 interfaces, need IP address (oneper
interface),unique in the layer.
Port-ids to N-1 flows, just need port-id
(locally–device- unique identifier)
Data Transfer protocol
syntax
IPv4 syntax,TCP syntax(TCPis used by the
control plane)
EFCP (length of fields).Need address
(one per device in the layer),unique in
the layer
Forwarding entity Router, one per device in the layer,has FIB
entries (forwardingtable)
Relayingand MultiplexingTask(RMT),
one per device in the layer,has
forwardingtable entries.
Forwarding strategy Longest prefix matching, ECMP Longest prefix matching,ECMP
Scheduling strategy FIFO (needs max-queue size) FIFO (needs max-queue size)
Routing protocol BGP with different routingpolicies.Needs
AS numbers,router-id (IPaddress),
neighbours’IPaddresses and AS numbers.
CDAP with link-state routingpolicyand
topological addressing
Directory protocol - CDAP with centralized directorypolicy.
Mgmt protocol NETCONF CDAP
Mgmt models yang-common-types,yang-interfaces,yang-
ip, yang-routing, yang-bgp
daf-common-mom, dif-common-mom,
dif-default-policies

12. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 12
DCN Models: IP vs. RINA
Concept IP RINA
Routing protocol BGP with multi-protocolextensions.Needs
route distinguisher and VPN targets..
CDAP with link-state routingpolicyand
topological addressing
Directory protocol DNS (resolve domain names of apps
executing in the tenant DIF to IP @s)
CDAP with distributed directorypolicy.
Maintains DirectoryForwardingTable
Redundancy protocol Link Aggregation Control Protocol – needs
local Ethernet interface addresses
-
Mgmt protocol NETCONF CDAP
Mgmt models yang-common-types,yang-interfaces,yang-
ip, yang-bridging,yang-routing,yang-bgp,
yang-vxlan,yang-evpn,yang-lacp
daf-common-mom, dif-common-mom,
dif-default-policies
Concept # (IP) # (RINA)
Interface types 4 1
DT protocol syntaxes 5 1 (2 different field lengths)
Types of forwarding entities 3 1
Layer mgmt/control plane protocols 3 1 (with 4 policies)

13. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 13
Example: SP & RINA (Email)
Access
router
PtP DIF
Cell Tower
(eNodeB)
Mobile Edge
Service
Router
MAN P.E MAN P. E.
MAN Access DIF
MAN Core DIF
PtP DIF
PtP DIF
PtP DIF PtP DIF
MAN P
Cell DIF
Mobile
Host
(or border
router)
Core Backbone DIF
PtP DIF
Core router Core router e-mall
Access
Router
E-mall
Border
Router
Service Prov. 1 network
Access Aggregation Service Edge Core Internet Edge
PtP DIF PtP DIF PtP DIF
Service Provider Top LevelDIF
E-mall 1 DIF
PtP DIF
E-mall 2 DIF
Mobile Access DIF
Internet ( e-mall)
eXchange Point
Core PoP, cityB
Core PoP, cityA
CityA MANCityA Cabinets
Cell sites

14. Autonomic Networks - Challenges in closing the loop | Commercial in confidence | IEEE SDN Pre-Industrial Workshop | 2016-06-16 | Page 14
RINA
Research, Open Source, Standards
• Current research projects
– FP7 PRISTINE (2014-2016) http://ict-pristine-eu
– H2020 ARCFIRE (2016-2017) http://ict-arcfire.eu
– Norwegian project OCARINA(2016-2021)
– BU RINA team http://csr.bu.edu/rina
• Open source implementations
– IRATI (Linux OS, C/C++, kernel components, policy framework, RINA
over X) http://github.com/irati/stack
– RINASim (RINA simulator, OMNeT++)
– ProtoRINA (Java, RINA over UDP, quick prototyping)
• Key RINA standardization activities
– Pouzin Society (experimental specs) http://pouzinsociety.org
– ISO SC6 WG7 (2 new projects: Future Network – Architectures, Future
Network- Protocols)
– ETSI Next Generation Protocols ISG
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