The document is a lecture on poetry that is divided into three parts. It introduces concepts related to poetic structure, forms, and genres. It discusses the differences between poetry and prose, and covers various poetic elements such as line, stanza, rhyme scheme, and meter. It also defines different poetic forms like sonnets, limericks, and villanelles, as well as the distinction between closed form and open form poetry. Finally, it outlines the major genres of dramatic, lyric, and narrative poetry.
This document is a presentation on elements of a poem from an introductory poetry course. It is divided into three sections that cover the meaning of poetry, forms of poetry, and elements of a poem such as its title, structure, speaker, subject, theme, and use of diction and figurative language. The presentation encourages students to further research English poetry from the references and websites listed.
This document is an introductory lecture for a 7th level poetry course. It is divided into three sections that define poetry, discuss its types and forms, and elements of a poem. The document provides definitions of poetry from several poets and scholars. It encourages students to further research English poetry from the listed references and websites. The lecture discusses how poetry has been defined as a spontaneous expression of feelings, a source of emotion, and a form of creative language. It also notes that defining poetry is difficult as perceptions vary between poets.
This document provides an overview of an introductory literature course. It includes the course title, code, credit hours, and level. The document then covers the first session on poetry, including unit learning outcomes on defining and analyzing poetry and poetic forms and genres. It discusses the definitions of poetry from several poets and scholars. It also covers the differences between poetry and prose, poetic structure, forms like sonnets and free verse, and genres like dramatic, lyric and narrative poetry. The document analyzes Emily Brontë's poem "The Night Wind" and provides learning outcomes and readings for the next lecture.
This document is a presentation about English Renaissance poetry. It is divided into two sections focusing on Shakespeare and another poet from the period. The presentation introduces the Renaissance era and its cultural and literary aspects. It then presents a discussion of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 and poems by Donne, analyzing their themes and exploring the poets' contributions to English Renaissance literature. The course is titled "Poetry", is a 3 credit hour class for 7th level students.
This document summarizes a poetry course, including its title, code, credit hours, and level. It then provides summaries of two poems by John Donne - "The Good Morrow" and "Holy Sonnet 10 (Death Be Not Proud)" along with contextual information about Donne and metaphysical poetry. Key details of each poem's themes, language, and structure are analyzed over several slides.
This document summarizes the poem "The Frog and the Nightingale" by Vikram Seth. It provides biographical information about Vikram Seth and describes the characters of the frog and nightingale. The frog is boastful and domineering, while the nightingale is meek and nervous. The poem tells the story of these two creatures who live in Bingle Bog, with the frog trying to train the nightingale in singing despite his lack of musical knowledge.
The document discusses how poems can reveal secrets through analysis, with the poet taking pleasure in concealing secrets within the work and the reader enjoying discovering and unveiling those secrets. It also lists various literary devices and forms of poetry like acrostics, haikus, limericks, odes, and sonnets that can be analyzed line by line to unlock meanings within poems.
Concrete Poetry and It’s Varieties in Persian PoetryIJERA Editor
Concrete poetry is a form of visual poetry which is known as imaginary poetry, in Persian language. We can enter the genealogy of concrete poetry from two perspectives, First Persian acrostic Moshajjar and Mottayar poetry, the other one is French poet, Guillaume Apollinaire lyrics, which is known to Cali grams.But the systematic concrete poetry formed by poets such as Eugene Gvmanzhh, Gstvdh Pygmatary Campos and in South America.In contemporary Iranian poetry, visual aspect of poetry considered by poets and different varieties of this type has been created. Unlike traditional poetry, which is dependent on words, elements of fantasy, metaphors and symbols, Concrete poetry realization requires an understanding of the visual aspect of it, which is achieved through cooperation of concrete elements and techniques.This kind of poetry has a direct relationship with exploration, understanding and audience reception.In fact, it is the audience who makes and completes the work, by receiving the hidden layer of poetry. The poet does not end the poetry,because the audience completes the text by exploring the relationship between implicit and explicit and reading the unwritten parts. In this study, we follow the historical discussion of concrete poetry,and the way it shaped, and how the poets entered concrete poetry,and we try to present a new classification, according to the poems that have been classified as concrete.
This document is a presentation on elements of a poem from an introductory poetry course. It is divided into three sections that cover the meaning of poetry, forms of poetry, and elements of a poem such as its title, structure, speaker, subject, theme, and use of diction and figurative language. The presentation encourages students to further research English poetry from the references and websites listed.
This document is an introductory lecture for a 7th level poetry course. It is divided into three sections that define poetry, discuss its types and forms, and elements of a poem. The document provides definitions of poetry from several poets and scholars. It encourages students to further research English poetry from the listed references and websites. The lecture discusses how poetry has been defined as a spontaneous expression of feelings, a source of emotion, and a form of creative language. It also notes that defining poetry is difficult as perceptions vary between poets.
This document provides an overview of an introductory literature course. It includes the course title, code, credit hours, and level. The document then covers the first session on poetry, including unit learning outcomes on defining and analyzing poetry and poetic forms and genres. It discusses the definitions of poetry from several poets and scholars. It also covers the differences between poetry and prose, poetic structure, forms like sonnets and free verse, and genres like dramatic, lyric and narrative poetry. The document analyzes Emily Brontë's poem "The Night Wind" and provides learning outcomes and readings for the next lecture.
This document is a presentation about English Renaissance poetry. It is divided into two sections focusing on Shakespeare and another poet from the period. The presentation introduces the Renaissance era and its cultural and literary aspects. It then presents a discussion of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 and poems by Donne, analyzing their themes and exploring the poets' contributions to English Renaissance literature. The course is titled "Poetry", is a 3 credit hour class for 7th level students.
This document summarizes a poetry course, including its title, code, credit hours, and level. It then provides summaries of two poems by John Donne - "The Good Morrow" and "Holy Sonnet 10 (Death Be Not Proud)" along with contextual information about Donne and metaphysical poetry. Key details of each poem's themes, language, and structure are analyzed over several slides.
This document summarizes the poem "The Frog and the Nightingale" by Vikram Seth. It provides biographical information about Vikram Seth and describes the characters of the frog and nightingale. The frog is boastful and domineering, while the nightingale is meek and nervous. The poem tells the story of these two creatures who live in Bingle Bog, with the frog trying to train the nightingale in singing despite his lack of musical knowledge.
The document discusses how poems can reveal secrets through analysis, with the poet taking pleasure in concealing secrets within the work and the reader enjoying discovering and unveiling those secrets. It also lists various literary devices and forms of poetry like acrostics, haikus, limericks, odes, and sonnets that can be analyzed line by line to unlock meanings within poems.
Concrete Poetry and It’s Varieties in Persian PoetryIJERA Editor
Concrete poetry is a form of visual poetry which is known as imaginary poetry, in Persian language. We can enter the genealogy of concrete poetry from two perspectives, First Persian acrostic Moshajjar and Mottayar poetry, the other one is French poet, Guillaume Apollinaire lyrics, which is known to Cali grams.But the systematic concrete poetry formed by poets such as Eugene Gvmanzhh, Gstvdh Pygmatary Campos and in South America.In contemporary Iranian poetry, visual aspect of poetry considered by poets and different varieties of this type has been created. Unlike traditional poetry, which is dependent on words, elements of fantasy, metaphors and symbols, Concrete poetry realization requires an understanding of the visual aspect of it, which is achieved through cooperation of concrete elements and techniques.This kind of poetry has a direct relationship with exploration, understanding and audience reception.In fact, it is the audience who makes and completes the work, by receiving the hidden layer of poetry. The poet does not end the poetry,because the audience completes the text by exploring the relationship between implicit and explicit and reading the unwritten parts. In this study, we follow the historical discussion of concrete poetry,and the way it shaped, and how the poets entered concrete poetry,and we try to present a new classification, according to the poems that have been classified as concrete.
Influence of John Donne on Tagore’s Poetry A Critical Analysisijtsrd
This paper attempts to critically understand the relation and influence of English metaphysical poet John Donne 1572 1631 on Rabindranath Tagore’s 1861 1941 poems. The research will try to understand the features and philosophy of metaphysical poetry in the seventeenth century in England and how it was reflected in the writing of Tagore between the late 19 and early twenty century. The article aims to access the role of British Metaphysical poetry in the Bengali writers by the example of Rabindranath Tagore. The study concerns it with the impact of rapidly accelerating change in form, theme, and philosophy of poetry. The empirical study analyses changing the facts of the literary terms, approach, and subject matter of his poetry in Bengali poetry. The paper focuses on significant features of British Metaphysical poetry and Tagore’s poetry. Abdul Awal "Influence of John Donne on Tagore’s Poetry: A Critical Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43624.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/literature/43624/influence-of-john-donne-on-tagore’s-poetry-a-critical-analysis/abdul-awal
The document provides biographical details about Indian author Tabish Khair. It notes that Khair was born in Ranchi, India and educated in Gaya, where he worked as a reporter before pursuing further education. He has published several books of poetry and novels. His novel "The Bus Stopped" from 2004 interweaves the stories of various characters who intersect on a bus ride between Gaya and Phansa. While praising Khair's lyrical descriptions of small town India, the summary notes that the plot stretches credibility at its conclusion. Overall, the document offers background on Khair's life and career, and summarizes the plot and themes of his novel "The Bus Stopped."
English literature can be divided into four main types - poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Poetry is a type of literature that conveys thoughts in a lyrical arrangement of words and can have structured forms like rhyming lines or freeform styles. Drama is a composition intended to be acted on stage involving characters and conflict. Fiction includes novels, short stories, and novellas that are created from imagination rather than presented as fact. Nonfiction is based on true events and includes categories like narrative, expository, persuasive, and descriptive writing.
Most of what is considered characteristics of literary language nevertheless has its Roots in everyday uses of language and can best be studied with some reference to these uses. Just as there are no firm lines of division between 'poetic' and ' ordinary ' language so it would be artificial to enforce a clear division between the languages of poetry considered as verse literature and that of other literary kind as prose. The creative writer and more particularly the poet enjoy unique freedom.
Among users of the language, without respect to the social or historical contexts to which they belong. This means: among other things. The poet can draw on the language of past Ages, or can borrow features belonging to other non literary use of language.
This chapter discusses the concept of foregrounding in art and literature. Foregrounding refers to deviations from norms or patterns that draw attention. In language, foregrounding includes linguistic deviations from standard conventions. These deviations require interpretation to understand their significance. The meaning of foregrounding is subjective and depends on the reader's interpretation. Parallelism, or introducing additional regularities, is also a type of foregrounding that emphasizes similarities between elements. Both deviations and parallelisms rely on the reader perceiving connections that justify their presence.
Poetry drama is a type of drama written in verse form meant to be recited or spoken aloud, and can include closet drama performed privately, dramatic monologues by a single character, or stories told through rhyming verse.
This document outlines the course description, significance, competencies, and materials for a poetry analysis course. The course aims to help students understand poetry elements like figurative language, imagery, rhythm, rhyme and tone. It will teach approaches to analyzing poetry and allow students to practice reading and analyzing poems. The course materials will cover defining poetry, different poetry types, analyzing various poetry elements, and applying criticism approaches to poems. The overall goal is for students to comprehend poetry concepts and appreciate poems through critical analysis.
William Wordsworth, Raghunath Choudhry, and Rabindranath Tagore were all worshippers of nature who believed nature was man's guiding principle and best teacher. Though from different eras and cultures, their poems extraordinarily depicted nature's beauty and its impact on human feelings. They praised nature's creations like blooming flowers, singing birds, and scenic landscapes. Tagore's poems in particular conveyed nature's deep influence on the human condition. Overall, all three poets expressed profound love of nature through their writings.
This document contains an agenda and lecture notes for a literature class discussing postmodern poetry and poets. It provides biographies and perspectives on Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, Audre Lorde, and an introduction to Ralph Ellison. Key points of discussion include Olson's principles of projective verse, O'Hara's concept of personism poetry, Bishop's criticism of confessional poetry, Ammons' comparison of poetry and walking, and Lorde's views on the purpose and importance of poetry.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the use of parenthetical expressions in Ahmadou Kourouma's novel "The Suns of Independence". The study identifies different types of parenthetical expressions used in the novel, such as those in parentheses, between commas, and between a comma and period. It analyzes examples of each type of parenthetical expression to understand their linguistic impact and contribution to meaning. The research finds that while parenthetical expressions are not essential to the meaning of the sentences they appear in, they provide important context and help interpret implied sociocultural meanings in the text.
This document contains an agenda for a literature class that discusses various postmodern poets and concepts. It includes brief biographies of Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, and Audre Lorde. It also summarizes Olson's three principles of poetry, debates intimacy in poetry between O'Hara and Bishop, compares poetry to walking according to Ammons, and discusses Lorde's views on the importance of poetry. The document introduces postmodern fiction and poetry as experimental aesthetic movements that questioned realism and focused on language. It concludes with an author introduction of Ralph Ellison.
This document contains an agenda and lecture materials for a literature class discussing postmodern poetry and authors. It includes summaries of Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, and Audre Lorde's approaches to poetry. It also briefly introduces postmodern fiction and postmodernism in general. Finally, it provides a short biography of author Ralph Ellison who will be discussed for homework.
Kamala Das was an Indian poet and author from Kerala who wrote in Malayalam and English. She was born in 1934 and began writing at a young age, publishing in both English and Malayalam throughout her career. Some of her notable works include her autobiography My Story, collections of poetry like Summer in Calcutta, and short stories. Kamala Das passed away in 2009 and is remembered as one of the pioneering voices in Indian English poetry.
This document summarizes Kuntaka's theory of Vakrokti, or oblique expression, which he considers the hallmark of creative literature. Vakrokti involves expressing things in a striking way that goes beyond direct description. Kuntaka believes Vakrokti is the source of beauty in poetry. He discusses the origins and definitions of Vakrokti provided by other theorists like Bhamaha and Dandin. Kuntaka also compares his view of Vakrokti to Anandvardhana's theory of Dhvani and provides classifications of Vakrokti, including six types.
Kamala Suraiyya was a major Indian poet who wrote in both English and Malayalam. She was born in 1934 in Kerala and came from a family of writers. Suraiyya gained recognition for her poetry in English which addressed themes of love and sexuality openly, breaking conventions. She also published short stories and an autobiography in both English and Malayalam. Suraiyya received many literary awards over her career and passed away in 2009.
This document discusses the concept of foregrounding in stylistic analysis. Foregrounding refers to linguistic deviations from conventions that draw attention to language features. It is realized through deviation and parallelism. Deviation can occur at morphological, phonological, graphological, lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels. Examples are provided such as breaking words over line boundaries or adding suffixes irregularly. Foregrounding theory argues creative uses of language make features more consciously perceived.
The difference between prose poem and poetryMinkalItaliya
The document discusses the difference between prose, poems, and poetry. Prose uses ordinary language without a metrical structure, while a poem uses language arranged in a rhythmic and metrical pattern to express ideas or emotions. Poetry is a type of literature that uses language and form to evoke emotional responses. The document examines Coleridge's view that poetry is an activity of the mind that can exist without meter or form, and a poem is a verbal expression of that activity. It concludes that a work cannot be defined as a poem or prose solely based on rhyme and meter, but also by its ultimate purpose and the effect it aims to achieve.
Kuntaka is known as the originator of the vakrokti school of Sanskrit literary theory. Vakrokti consists of two components - vakra meaning crooked or distorted, and ukati meaning figurative. Kuntaka defines vakrokti as a description of something in a way that is opposite to how it truly is. He divides vakrokti into six types based on variations in letters, sentences, words, topics, and overall composition. Vakrokti aims to bring beauty, pleasantness, softness, and propriety to poetic expressions.
Kuntaka was an influential Kashmiri theorist who developed the theory of Vakrokti, or oblique expression. He believed Vakrokti was the source of beauty in poetry and involved expressing meaning in a hidden or indirect way. Kuntaka identified six types of Vakrokti and argued it was more encompassing than Dhvani theory. He saw Vakrokti as underpinning all poetic figures and giving poetry its striking quality, as long as it contributed to the reader's aesthetic enjoyment.
William Wordsworth's poem "Daffodils" describes the poet wandering near a lake and coming upon a field of daffodils. The dancing flowers lifted his spirit so much that years later, merely remembering the scene still brought him joy. The analysis examines the poem at graphological, phonological, morphological and semantic levels to understand what techniques Wordsworth used to convey his appreciation of nature's ability to lift the human spirit. It also provides biographical context about Wordsworth and his love of describing natural scenes in his poetry.
This is a slide report discussion about Prose and Poetry. What is their differences in terms of their usage and how they can be use.
Black out Poetry is also included in this report
Literature can be categorized into two main classifications based on the structure of language.
These two categories are known as prose and poetry. Prose is the language in its original and natural form, i.e., the language that is found in newspapers, textbooks, novels.
Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning.
The main difference between prose and poetry is that prose is written naturally whereas poetry is written in a metrical structure.
Prose is a major form of literature; both fiction and nonfiction are included in prose. Novels, novellas, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, essays, travel books, academic essays, thesauruses, textbooks, etc. are all written in prose.
The language is grammatical in nature and consists of a natural flow of speech, instead of metrical structure. It is composed of full grammatical sentences, and these sentences are then grouped in paragraphs. The language used in nonfiction such as newspaper, textbooks, travel books, etc. are devoid of figures of speech, and other decorations and ideas are expressed in a direct and straightforward manner. The spoken language can also be classified as prose.
Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning. Factors such as rhyme, rhythm, metric syllables, etc. are taken into account to create poetry. Poetry is normally used to express something in an artistic and aesthetic way.
However, the language of poetry is not as natural or free as prose.
Poetic language tends to be more decorative and creative than the language used in prose; attention is especially paid to sound and rhythm.
A poem is composed of lines; a line can be very long or as short as one word. A stanza is made up of several stanzas.
Poems can be classified into different types depending on the structure of the stanzas. Free verse, blank verse, cinquain, diamante poems are some examples of these structures.
As mentioned above, poets use a limited number of words to express their ideas in poetry. This is why one line can be as short as one word. Sometimes it is difficult to understand the meaning of the poem by reading it only once or twice. An in-depth reading and analysis may be required to decipher the complete meaning.
Blackout Poetry Is A Fascinating Art Form You Can Try At Home Right Now.
Start by finding some pages with words on them.
These can come from magazines, newspapers, or very old falling-apart books that you are ready to let go.
Influence of John Donne on Tagore’s Poetry A Critical Analysisijtsrd
This paper attempts to critically understand the relation and influence of English metaphysical poet John Donne 1572 1631 on Rabindranath Tagore’s 1861 1941 poems. The research will try to understand the features and philosophy of metaphysical poetry in the seventeenth century in England and how it was reflected in the writing of Tagore between the late 19 and early twenty century. The article aims to access the role of British Metaphysical poetry in the Bengali writers by the example of Rabindranath Tagore. The study concerns it with the impact of rapidly accelerating change in form, theme, and philosophy of poetry. The empirical study analyses changing the facts of the literary terms, approach, and subject matter of his poetry in Bengali poetry. The paper focuses on significant features of British Metaphysical poetry and Tagore’s poetry. Abdul Awal "Influence of John Donne on Tagore’s Poetry: A Critical Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43624.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/literature/43624/influence-of-john-donne-on-tagore’s-poetry-a-critical-analysis/abdul-awal
The document provides biographical details about Indian author Tabish Khair. It notes that Khair was born in Ranchi, India and educated in Gaya, where he worked as a reporter before pursuing further education. He has published several books of poetry and novels. His novel "The Bus Stopped" from 2004 interweaves the stories of various characters who intersect on a bus ride between Gaya and Phansa. While praising Khair's lyrical descriptions of small town India, the summary notes that the plot stretches credibility at its conclusion. Overall, the document offers background on Khair's life and career, and summarizes the plot and themes of his novel "The Bus Stopped."
English literature can be divided into four main types - poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Poetry is a type of literature that conveys thoughts in a lyrical arrangement of words and can have structured forms like rhyming lines or freeform styles. Drama is a composition intended to be acted on stage involving characters and conflict. Fiction includes novels, short stories, and novellas that are created from imagination rather than presented as fact. Nonfiction is based on true events and includes categories like narrative, expository, persuasive, and descriptive writing.
Most of what is considered characteristics of literary language nevertheless has its Roots in everyday uses of language and can best be studied with some reference to these uses. Just as there are no firm lines of division between 'poetic' and ' ordinary ' language so it would be artificial to enforce a clear division between the languages of poetry considered as verse literature and that of other literary kind as prose. The creative writer and more particularly the poet enjoy unique freedom.
Among users of the language, without respect to the social or historical contexts to which they belong. This means: among other things. The poet can draw on the language of past Ages, or can borrow features belonging to other non literary use of language.
This chapter discusses the concept of foregrounding in art and literature. Foregrounding refers to deviations from norms or patterns that draw attention. In language, foregrounding includes linguistic deviations from standard conventions. These deviations require interpretation to understand their significance. The meaning of foregrounding is subjective and depends on the reader's interpretation. Parallelism, or introducing additional regularities, is also a type of foregrounding that emphasizes similarities between elements. Both deviations and parallelisms rely on the reader perceiving connections that justify their presence.
Poetry drama is a type of drama written in verse form meant to be recited or spoken aloud, and can include closet drama performed privately, dramatic monologues by a single character, or stories told through rhyming verse.
This document outlines the course description, significance, competencies, and materials for a poetry analysis course. The course aims to help students understand poetry elements like figurative language, imagery, rhythm, rhyme and tone. It will teach approaches to analyzing poetry and allow students to practice reading and analyzing poems. The course materials will cover defining poetry, different poetry types, analyzing various poetry elements, and applying criticism approaches to poems. The overall goal is for students to comprehend poetry concepts and appreciate poems through critical analysis.
William Wordsworth, Raghunath Choudhry, and Rabindranath Tagore were all worshippers of nature who believed nature was man's guiding principle and best teacher. Though from different eras and cultures, their poems extraordinarily depicted nature's beauty and its impact on human feelings. They praised nature's creations like blooming flowers, singing birds, and scenic landscapes. Tagore's poems in particular conveyed nature's deep influence on the human condition. Overall, all three poets expressed profound love of nature through their writings.
This document contains an agenda and lecture notes for a literature class discussing postmodern poetry and poets. It provides biographies and perspectives on Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, Audre Lorde, and an introduction to Ralph Ellison. Key points of discussion include Olson's principles of projective verse, O'Hara's concept of personism poetry, Bishop's criticism of confessional poetry, Ammons' comparison of poetry and walking, and Lorde's views on the purpose and importance of poetry.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the use of parenthetical expressions in Ahmadou Kourouma's novel "The Suns of Independence". The study identifies different types of parenthetical expressions used in the novel, such as those in parentheses, between commas, and between a comma and period. It analyzes examples of each type of parenthetical expression to understand their linguistic impact and contribution to meaning. The research finds that while parenthetical expressions are not essential to the meaning of the sentences they appear in, they provide important context and help interpret implied sociocultural meanings in the text.
This document contains an agenda for a literature class that discusses various postmodern poets and concepts. It includes brief biographies of Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, and Audre Lorde. It also summarizes Olson's three principles of poetry, debates intimacy in poetry between O'Hara and Bishop, compares poetry to walking according to Ammons, and discusses Lorde's views on the importance of poetry. The document introduces postmodern fiction and poetry as experimental aesthetic movements that questioned realism and focused on language. It concludes with an author introduction of Ralph Ellison.
This document contains an agenda and lecture materials for a literature class discussing postmodern poetry and authors. It includes summaries of Charles Olson, Frank O'Hara, Elizabeth Bishop, A.R. Ammons, and Audre Lorde's approaches to poetry. It also briefly introduces postmodern fiction and postmodernism in general. Finally, it provides a short biography of author Ralph Ellison who will be discussed for homework.
Kamala Das was an Indian poet and author from Kerala who wrote in Malayalam and English. She was born in 1934 and began writing at a young age, publishing in both English and Malayalam throughout her career. Some of her notable works include her autobiography My Story, collections of poetry like Summer in Calcutta, and short stories. Kamala Das passed away in 2009 and is remembered as one of the pioneering voices in Indian English poetry.
This document summarizes Kuntaka's theory of Vakrokti, or oblique expression, which he considers the hallmark of creative literature. Vakrokti involves expressing things in a striking way that goes beyond direct description. Kuntaka believes Vakrokti is the source of beauty in poetry. He discusses the origins and definitions of Vakrokti provided by other theorists like Bhamaha and Dandin. Kuntaka also compares his view of Vakrokti to Anandvardhana's theory of Dhvani and provides classifications of Vakrokti, including six types.
Kamala Suraiyya was a major Indian poet who wrote in both English and Malayalam. She was born in 1934 in Kerala and came from a family of writers. Suraiyya gained recognition for her poetry in English which addressed themes of love and sexuality openly, breaking conventions. She also published short stories and an autobiography in both English and Malayalam. Suraiyya received many literary awards over her career and passed away in 2009.
This document discusses the concept of foregrounding in stylistic analysis. Foregrounding refers to linguistic deviations from conventions that draw attention to language features. It is realized through deviation and parallelism. Deviation can occur at morphological, phonological, graphological, lexical, semantic, and syntactic levels. Examples are provided such as breaking words over line boundaries or adding suffixes irregularly. Foregrounding theory argues creative uses of language make features more consciously perceived.
The difference between prose poem and poetryMinkalItaliya
The document discusses the difference between prose, poems, and poetry. Prose uses ordinary language without a metrical structure, while a poem uses language arranged in a rhythmic and metrical pattern to express ideas or emotions. Poetry is a type of literature that uses language and form to evoke emotional responses. The document examines Coleridge's view that poetry is an activity of the mind that can exist without meter or form, and a poem is a verbal expression of that activity. It concludes that a work cannot be defined as a poem or prose solely based on rhyme and meter, but also by its ultimate purpose and the effect it aims to achieve.
Kuntaka is known as the originator of the vakrokti school of Sanskrit literary theory. Vakrokti consists of two components - vakra meaning crooked or distorted, and ukati meaning figurative. Kuntaka defines vakrokti as a description of something in a way that is opposite to how it truly is. He divides vakrokti into six types based on variations in letters, sentences, words, topics, and overall composition. Vakrokti aims to bring beauty, pleasantness, softness, and propriety to poetic expressions.
Kuntaka was an influential Kashmiri theorist who developed the theory of Vakrokti, or oblique expression. He believed Vakrokti was the source of beauty in poetry and involved expressing meaning in a hidden or indirect way. Kuntaka identified six types of Vakrokti and argued it was more encompassing than Dhvani theory. He saw Vakrokti as underpinning all poetic figures and giving poetry its striking quality, as long as it contributed to the reader's aesthetic enjoyment.
William Wordsworth's poem "Daffodils" describes the poet wandering near a lake and coming upon a field of daffodils. The dancing flowers lifted his spirit so much that years later, merely remembering the scene still brought him joy. The analysis examines the poem at graphological, phonological, morphological and semantic levels to understand what techniques Wordsworth used to convey his appreciation of nature's ability to lift the human spirit. It also provides biographical context about Wordsworth and his love of describing natural scenes in his poetry.
This is a slide report discussion about Prose and Poetry. What is their differences in terms of their usage and how they can be use.
Black out Poetry is also included in this report
Literature can be categorized into two main classifications based on the structure of language.
These two categories are known as prose and poetry. Prose is the language in its original and natural form, i.e., the language that is found in newspapers, textbooks, novels.
Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning.
The main difference between prose and poetry is that prose is written naturally whereas poetry is written in a metrical structure.
Prose is a major form of literature; both fiction and nonfiction are included in prose. Novels, novellas, short stories, biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, essays, travel books, academic essays, thesauruses, textbooks, etc. are all written in prose.
The language is grammatical in nature and consists of a natural flow of speech, instead of metrical structure. It is composed of full grammatical sentences, and these sentences are then grouped in paragraphs. The language used in nonfiction such as newspaper, textbooks, travel books, etc. are devoid of figures of speech, and other decorations and ideas are expressed in a direct and straightforward manner. The spoken language can also be classified as prose.
Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning. Factors such as rhyme, rhythm, metric syllables, etc. are taken into account to create poetry. Poetry is normally used to express something in an artistic and aesthetic way.
However, the language of poetry is not as natural or free as prose.
Poetic language tends to be more decorative and creative than the language used in prose; attention is especially paid to sound and rhythm.
A poem is composed of lines; a line can be very long or as short as one word. A stanza is made up of several stanzas.
Poems can be classified into different types depending on the structure of the stanzas. Free verse, blank verse, cinquain, diamante poems are some examples of these structures.
As mentioned above, poets use a limited number of words to express their ideas in poetry. This is why one line can be as short as one word. Sometimes it is difficult to understand the meaning of the poem by reading it only once or twice. An in-depth reading and analysis may be required to decipher the complete meaning.
Blackout Poetry Is A Fascinating Art Form You Can Try At Home Right Now.
Start by finding some pages with words on them.
These can come from magazines, newspapers, or very old falling-apart books that you are ready to let go.
Poetry can be differentiated from prose, which is language meant to convey meaning in a less condensed way, using more logical or narrative structures. This does not imply poetry is illogical. Poetry is often created from the desire to escape the logical, as well as expressing feelings and other expressions in a tight, condensed manner. English Romantic poet John Keats termed this escape from logic Negative Capability.
Prose poetry combines the characteristics of poetry with the superficial appearance of prose. Other forms include narrative poetry and dramatic poetry, used to tell stories and so resemble novels and plays.
This document provides an overview of the key elements of poetry. It discusses 12 main elements: 1) Structure and form, 2) Speaker, 3) Sound devices, 4) Figurative language, 5) Rhyme, 6) Meter, 7) Theme, 8) Tone and mood, 9) Syntax, 10) Diction, 11) Subject, and 12) Elements of poetic devices. Each element is described in detail with examples to illustrate poetic techniques like rhyme schemes, metrical patterns, and the use of devices like metaphor and personification.
elements techniques and literarydevices.pptxjeannmontejo1
The document discusses the elements and techniques of poetry. It defines poetry and discusses its key components such as imagery, diction, form, cadence, meter, rhyme, rhythm, and stanzas. It also explains literary devices like alliteration, allusion, metaphor, personification, repetition, simile, symbolism, and theme. The document uses examples from poems to illustrate these different elements of poetry.
Prose is ordinary written language that is used in stories, books, and other texts. It lacks a strict metrical structure or rhyme scheme like poetry. There are two main types of prose - narrative text that tells a story, and expository text that provides information through description, analysis, or classification. When poems are translated between languages, they are often converted from verse into prose. Prose poetry combines characteristics of both poetry and prose by including some metrical or rhyming elements while maintaining a prose-like form. Free verse is a poetic form that uses irregular line lengths and no set rhyme scheme.
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
The main objective of ARJHSS is to provide an intellectual platform for the international scholars. ARJHSS aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in Humanities & Social Science and become the leading journal in Humanities & Social Science in the world.
This document provides information about poems and analyzing poem structure. It defines a poem, discusses the typical parts of a poem including stanzas, lines, rhyme and rhythm. It then describes different types of poems like ballads, elegy, free verse and imagery poems. Examples are given for each type. The document concludes with two tasks - the first asks questions about an example autumn poem, and the second asks students to summarize the example poem.
This document provides a summary of chapter 17 of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Biographia Literaria. It discusses Coleridge focusing on William Wordsworth's view that poets can learn truths from rustic people and that poetry should use common language. The document also provides background on Coleridge and defines various poetic devices, forms of diction, and terms relevant to analyzing chapter 17 of Biographia Literaria.
The document provides guidance on how to effectively read and analyze a poem. It begins by outlining 7 steps: 1) Look at the title, 2) Read it straight through without stopping, 3) Identify what is understood and not understood, 4) Look for patterns, 5) Look for changes, 6) Identify the narrator, 7) Check for improved understanding after re-reading. It then discusses understanding line/stanza structure and punctuation, reading poems aloud, considering poetic form/language, and memorizing poems. The document emphasizes keeping an open mind, rereading poems, and that poems have multiple meanings rather than single answers. It provides an example poem and discussion questions to illustrate the reading strategies.
Ode is a type of lyric poem written in praise of a person, animal, or object. It is serious and meditative in tone. There are two types of odes: traditional odes, which are usually longer and more formal in structure, and modern odes, which are often written in free verse. A classic ode has three structured parts: the strophe, the antistrophe, which responds to the strophe, and the epode, which completes the movement.
This document provides an introduction to literature, including definitions of literature, an overview of literary genres and common terminology. It discusses the three major literary genres - poetry, prose, and drama. Poetry is considered the oldest and uses language, sound and rhythm to evoke emotion. Prose uses everyday language and grammar in paragraphs. Drama began as celebrations and plays, using dialogue and staging to portray life through conflicts. Students are assigned to research the genres further and provide examples of literary pieces for each, then reflect on whether the study of literature remains relevant today given other media forms.
Poetry is an imaginative form of expression that uses language, rhythm, and sound to evoke emotion. It employs various literary devices and forms, including meter, rhyme, and different structures with set numbers of lines. Themes in poetry include divinity, humanity, love, nature, and social issues. Tone is also important for setting the atmosphere and conveying the message or meaning of the poem. In conclusion, poetry combines creative writing with specific forms and language to communicate ideas and feelings to readers.
This document provides an overview of poetry analysis. It discusses how poets reflect the events and ideas of their time. Understanding a poet's background and time period can provide insight into their work. It also defines common poetry terms like theme, form, diction, tone, imagery, rhythm, and rhyme. Additionally, it examines different genres of poetry like narrative, lyrical, sonnets, and odes. Specific poetic devices like metaphor, simile, and personification are also outlined. The document concludes with thoughts on poets and their relationship with language and audiences.
This document provides a stylistic analysis of the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost. It analyzes the poem's structure, rhyme scheme, figures of speech, and symbolism. The poem is written in iambic pentameter with an AABB rhyme scheme. It uses symbols like the woods representing death. Overall, the analysis finds that the poem uses simple language and form to convey deeper philosophical themes about balancing reality and imagination. While the natural scene described is beautiful, the speaker must continue on his journey before finding rest, as he has promises to keep.
This document discusses the key elements of poetry, including:
1. Voice - Who is speaking in the poem, which may not always be the poet. Voice helps determine tone.
2. Diction - The poet's choice of words, including figurative language, to heighten sensory experience and theme.
3. Syntax - The arrangement of words in lines and stanzas that influence a poem's structure.
The document provides examples of these elements and directs the reader to identify these elements when analyzing sample poems. It aims to help readers better understand different forms of poetry by learning to identify key literary techniques and devices.
This document discusses literary criticism and analysis of a poem. It defines literary criticism as judging literary works based on recognized principles. It notes that criticism aims to interpret works rather than evaluate them. The document then defines poetry as the metrical expression of thought or feeling. It outlines how to analyze a poem, including its form, imagery, tone, structure, language use, and effects on the reader. Elements of poetry like rhythm, rhyme, imagery and reflective qualities are also discussed.
The most Amazing English Story of all the timeYaseenKhan96
This is one of the best story that you do not need to read at all. Don't waste your time reading stupid english literature. Try exploring your own culture and avoid this devoid of humanity culture. You know why I am writing this description. Just to fill out this description. So in order to increase my scores and your scores, oh not your scores, I am writing these things which doesn't even make sense. Does it make sense to you? Obviosly not at all. So don't waste your time reading this? Are you still reading this? Oh no, You are obsessed with my writing. You made me happy not at all. Since I don't want to waste your time. I am just writing a long description for my own gains and you are here wasting your precious time. May be it's not precious but at least it is valuable and shouldn't be wasted at all. You get it?
The document provides information on various literary concepts including defining literature, analyzing literature, poetry, figures of speech, imagery, symbols, sound features, and standard poetic forms. It discusses how literature includes works that have stood the test of time and influenced readers. Literary analysis involves careful observation and drawing conclusions to better understand how texts are structured. Poetry emerges from the meaning and arrangement of words on a page. Common figures of speech, imagery, symbols, and sound features are also outlined. Finally, standard poetic forms like sonnets and ballads are described.
This document provides an overview of a fiction literature course being taught over the first two weeks. The course details include the title, code, credit hours, and instructor. It then summarizes the key topics to be covered in the first module, including the early development of fiction as a genre, different fiction classifications and genres/sub-genres. The module aims to help students understand the rise of fiction and be able to discuss its elements. The document concludes by outlining the next week's focus on Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times.
The document discusses considerations for successful academic writing. It begins by defining academic writing as a formal style used by researchers to define the boundaries of their disciplines. It then outlines two common patterns used in academic writing: general-specific, which moves from broad definitions to more specific details; and problem-solution, which describes current issues and potential answers. The document also provides guidance on writing summaries, critiques, and commenting on research data by highlighting key details and implications. It emphasizes writing in your own words, being fair in critiques, and proofreading.
The document provides tips for developing original research. It discusses how research is a process, not a product, and originality often emerges from ordinary scholarly activity. It addresses problems researchers face like "empty brain syndrome" and being "stuck in your brain." Tips for addressing these issues include using various search engines and alerts, engaging with research communities, analyzing literature critically, thinking in reverse, transcending disciplines, visualizing ideas, using idea generators, brainstorming, and developing hypergraphia through free writing or blogging. The goal is to stimulate new ideas and thinking outside of established patterns to create original contributions.
Dr. Nora Al-Malki, Assistant Professor of European Languages and Head of Development at her university, will provide a workshop on making Blackboard courses more engaging for learners through gamification. The objectives are to understand game mechanics in e-learning, learn to use Blackboard's Achievement tool effectively, and recreate a gamification scenario using its achievements. Gamification in education means using game elements like achievements, levels, and scores to motivate students without making the entire course into a game.
This document summarizes the content of the first week of a seminar course on educational technology research. The course covers defining research, research methods, the research process, and topic selection. Specific topics discussed include learning outcomes, what research can be used for, advantages of research, researcher responsibilities, research skills, design, structure, steps, and how to select a topic, narrow it down, and develop a research proposal. The instructors are Dr. Noora Al-Malki and Dr. Amal Alshusha.
This document outlines the content of a seminar course on educational technology. The 3-credit course takes place in the first term of 2015. It covers qualitative and quantitative research methods, including distinguishing between the two approaches, using selected methods for research proposals, and applying the knowledge to write methodology sections. Specific topics that will be covered include learning outcomes, questionnaire design, qualitative interviewing, and ethics. The document provides details on qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis.
This document summarizes the content of a seminar course for a Master's program. It discusses learning outcomes, components of a research proposal and paper, and conducting a literature review. The presentation covers identifying elements of a proposal like the research question and significance. It also outlines sections of a research paper such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. The document provides guidance on writing different components of a research proposal and paper.
This document outlines the content covered in week 2 of a seminar course for a MA in Educational Technology. The week covered learning how to define a research problem, identify appropriate research resources, understand research ethics and documentation styles, and handle quotations correctly. Upon completing the week, students will be able to plan a research proposal and effectively use library resources for research. The following week will cover the components of a research proposal, literature review, and research paper.
Ian Watt's The Rise of the Novel examines the emergence of the novel as a new literary form in the 18th century. Watt argues that the novel was characterized by its quality of realism, seen in its depth of description and attempts to portray human experience scientifically and from the perspective of individuals. Watt analyzes exemplary early novels like Robinson Crusoe and Pamela to show how they reflected contemporary ideologies like individualism and changing views of private life and social relationships. Watt also discusses how later 18th century novels by Richardson and Fielding further developed the psychological realism and complexity of the novel as a mature literary form.
The document provides an overview of a university course on fiction. It discusses early fictional records from cultures around the world, including Epic of Gilgamesh, Zhuangzi, One Thousand and One Nights, and The Tale of Genji. It then defines what fiction is and explores genres and elements of fiction like plot, setting, characters, theme, and point of view. The course will cover the history of the English novel in subsequent sessions.
The document outlines an induction session for a 6th level Fiction course, providing information about the instructor, required readings, assessments, grading, class policies, and how to study for the course. Students are introduced to Dr. Noora Al-Malki and the LANE 342 course, which examines the development of fiction from early beginnings through contemporary periods, with a focus on analyzing literary elements and critical reading/writing skills. The session also reviews the syllabus, assigned novels, assessments including exams, individual and group projects, and addresses how students can best prepare to study for the course.
This document outlines the content of a research methods course taught by Dr. Noora Al-Malki in the spring of 2014/2015. The course is 6 credit hours per week, covers both qualitative and quantitative research methods, and aims to help students write the methods section of their research proposals. Key topics covered include the components of research proposals and papers, literature reviews, questionnaire design, and qualitative methods like interviews. Quantitative methods like experiments and surveys are also discussed.
This document summarizes a course on research methods. The 6-credit course is taught in the spring term for a graduate program. It covers components of research proposals and papers, literature reviews, quantitative and qualitative research methods, questionnaire design, and research applications. Upon completing the course, students will be able to identify proposal components, critically evaluate literature, and engage in collaborative discussions about research activities. The document outlines the various sections that should be included in a proposal and research paper such as the title, introduction, literature review, methods, and references.
This 6-credit, 6-week graduate course on research methods provides an overview of the research process and different research approaches. It is taught online and in-person by Dr. Noora Al-Malki in the spring term. The course syllabus outlines topics to be covered each week, including research skills, methods, proposal writing, and ethics. Students will complete quizzes, discussions, and a final research proposal project. Upon completing the course, students will be able to understand and apply the main components of the research process to their own work.
This document summarizes the content covered in Week 2 of a Research Methods course. The topics discussed include the framework of a research project, defining a research problem, research resources and how to evaluate them, research ethics, documentation styles, and components of a research paper. Students are expected to learn how to apply the basic research process to plan a proposal, use library resources, and complete assignments by the end of the 6-hour course session.
This document outlines the course content for the first week of a 6-credit research methods course taught by Dr. Noora Al-Malki in spring 2014/2015. The week will introduce students to key research concepts like defining research, the research process, and topic selection. Students will learn about the advantages of research, a researcher's responsibilities, and essential research skills. They will also complete assignments introducing themselves and brainstorming potential research topics. Readings assigned for the first week cover research basics, writing a research paper, and developing a research topic. The next class will focus on research paper components, organization, resources, ethics, and documentation styles.
This document summarizes an introductory literature course. It provides details about the course title, code, credit hours, level, instructor information, and session content which includes introductions, syllabus overview, required readings, assessments, class policies, and how to study for the course. The course is an introduction to literature through fiction, drama, and poetry. It aims to enable students to critically and imaginatively respond to literature.
This document provides an overview of a university lecture on Anton Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard. The course is an introduction to literature offered at the 5th level for 3 credit hours. The lecture will analyze the play, reflecting on its social and cultural themes. It will discuss the plot, setting, symbolism, and themes of the play. The learning outcomes are to analyze The Cherry Orchard and reflect on its social and cultural themes.
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1. Course Title: Poetry
Course Code & NO.: LANE 447
Course Credit Hrs.: 3 weekly
Level: 7th Level Students
Introductory Lecture
Pt. 2
Poetic Structure, Forms & Genres
A note on Scansion
Instructor: Dr. Noora Al-Malki
Credits of images and online content are to their original owners.
2. This Presentation
• is divided into three sections (Pt. 1, Pt. 2, and Pt.
3), each dealing with a distinct topic.
• sums up the main points to be discussed in the
course’s introductory lecture.
• introduces main concepts related to the meaning
of poetry, poetry types and forms, elements of a
poem…etc.
• encourages students to read further about
English poetry in the listed references and
websites.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
2
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3. Poetry VS. Prose
Overall, prose and poetry differ in the
following aspects:
1. Poetry is more rhythmical, formal and
metered in terms of structure compared to
the more ordinary prose.
2. Poetry is more expressive and attractive
as opposed to the usual dull quality of
prose.
3. Lines are considered to be the basic
units of poetry, whereas sentences fill the
exact same role in the case of prose.
4. Generally, poetry often has some
rhymes and relationships between its
words as opposed to their absence in
prose.
http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-poetry-and-prose/
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
3
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4. Poetic Structure
The main structural elements in
a poem include: the line,
couplet, strophe and stanza.
Poets combine the use of
language and a specific
structure to create imaginative
and expressive works.
Abondolo, Daniel (2001). A poetics handbook: verbal art in the European tradition. Curzon. pp. 52–53.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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5. Poetic Forms
Poetry as Form:
Ancient philosophers tried to
decide on what makes poetry
distinctive as a form, and what
distinguishes good poetry from
bad. This led to the emergence
of "poetics"—the study of the
aesthetics of poetry.
Abondolo, Daniel (2001). A poetics handbook: verbal art in the European tradition. Curzon. pp. 52–53.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
5
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6. Poetic Forms
Abondolo, Daniel (2001). A poetics handbook: verbal art in the European tradition. Curzon. pp. 52–53.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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7. Poetic Forms
The Bedford Online Glossary defines
closed form, or "fixed form" poetry as
follows:
[Closed or fixed form poems are those] that
may be categorized by the pattern of its
lines, meter, rhythm, or stanzas. A sonnet
is a fixed form of poetry because by
definition it must have fourteen lines. Other
fixed forms include limerick, sestina, and
villanelle. However, poems written in a
fixed form may not always fit into
categories precisely, because writers
sometimes vary traditional forms to create
innovative effects.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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8. Poetic Forms
What distinguishes closed form poems is
that they develop regular patterns with
regard to lines, meter, rhythm and stanza.
When we discuss a poem's structure, we're
observing its pattern of lines and stanzas.
Examples of Fixed Verse Forms can be
found here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_verse
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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9. Poetic Forms
A stanza consists of a grouping of two or
more lines, set off by a space, that usually
has a set pattern of meter and rhyme. The
stanza in poetry is synonymous with the
paragraph that is seen in prose, related
thoughts are grouped into units.
Kirszner & Mandell. Literature Reading, Writing, Reacting. Ch. 18,pg. 716.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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10. Poetic Forms
In traditional English-language poems,
stanzas can be identified and grouped
together because they share a rhyme
scheme or a fixed number of lines (as in
distich/couplet, tercet, quatrain,
cinquain/quintain, sestet). In much modern
poetry, stanzas may be arbitrarily
presented on the printed page because of
publishing conventions that employ such
features as white space or punctuation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanza
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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11. Poetic Forms
The Bedford Online Glossary defines
"free verse" poetry as follows:
“Sometimes called "free verse," open form
poetry does not conform to established
patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanza. Such
poetry derives its rhythmic qualities from
the repetition of words, phrases, or
grammatical structures, the arrangement of
words on the printed page, or by some
other means. The poet E. E. Cummings
wrote open form poetry; his poems do not
have measurable meters, but they do have
rhythm.”
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
11
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12. Poetic Forms
What distinguishes open form poems “free
Verse” is that they do not develop regular
patterns with regard to lines, meter, rhythm
and stanza. Their structure is more
"organic" instead of being predetermined,
following its own inner logic according to
the emotion or thought expressed.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
12
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13. Poetic Genres
Poetry uses forms and
conventions to suggest
differential interpretation to
words, or to evoke emotive
responses (mode). The
result is distinct genres or
sub-genres of poetry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetry
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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14. Poetic Genres
Aristotle's Poetics describes
three genres of poetry—the
epic, the comic, and the tragic
—and develop rules to
distinguish the highest-quality
poetry in each genre, based on
the underlying purposes of the
genre.
Heath, Malcolm, ed. (1997). Aristotle's Poetics. Penguin Books
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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15. Poetic Genres
Mainly, there are three major types of
poetry:
1-Dramatic poetry
2-Lyric poetry
3-Narrative poetry
However, each of these major types
includes various poetic forms.
Heath, Malcolm, ed. (1997). Aristotle's Poetics. Penguin Books
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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16. Poetic Forms
Dramatic poetry uses the elements of
drama. One or more characters speak
to other characters, to themselves, or
directly address the reader. This type
of poetry often includes emotional
conflict.
Heath, Malcolm, ed. (1997). Aristotle's Poetics. Penguin Books
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
16
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17. Poetic Forms
Lyric poetry expresses the thoughts
and emotions of a single speaker.
Usually short, a lyric poem creates a
single, unified impression.
Heath, Malcolm, ed. (1997). Aristotle's Poetics. Penguin Books
Lyric poetry, on the other hand, may
tell about events, but the focus is on
creating a mood or recalling a feeling.
Lyric poems express the character,
impressions and emotions of the poet,
and are usually short.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
17
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18. Poetic Forms
Narrative poetry tells a story in verse
form. A narrative poem has a
beginning, a middle, and an ending,
just like a prose story. Unlike prose,
however, a narrative poem is much
more concentrated.
Heath, Malcolm, ed. (1997). Aristotle's Poetics. Penguin Books
Narrative poetry tells a story. It combines
poetic techniques, such as rhyme and
alliteration, with the elements of fiction,
such as characters and a recognizable
plot.
.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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19. A Note on Scansion
Scansion: Putting It All Together
The analysis of the patterns of rhythm in poetry is known as
scansion
(i.e. to "scan"). When you are asked to scan a poem, follow these
steps:
1. Determine the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in
the poem.
2. Draw a line separating each foot, then count the number of
feet per line.
3. Using the information from steps 1 and 2, name the type of
metre for the poem (e.g. tetrametre).
. Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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20. A Note on Scansion
Have a look at the example below, which is from Thomas Gray's
"Elegy
Written in a Country Churchyard." The first stanza of the poem has
been written for you so you can see its metre and foot pattern.
U / u / u / u / u /
The cur / few tolls / the knell / of par / ting day
U / u / u / u / u /
The low / ing herd / wind slow / ly o'er / the lea,
As this poem follows a pattern of one unstressed syllable and one
stressed syllable, the name of the metre is iambic.
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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21. Extra material to check out
http://structureandsurprise.wordpress.
com/pedagogy/poetic-structures-
summarized/
http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/
http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072405228/student_vie
w0/poetic_glossary.html
Dr. Noora Al-Malki 2012
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