This document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IOT). It defines IOT as the collection of physical devices connected over the internet that can exchange data with less human involvement. The history and key technologies that enabled IOT are discussed, including wireless sensor networks, RFID, and cloud computing. The document also outlines the typical architecture of an IOT system including sensing, network, service, and application layers. Common IOT standards, protocols, and applications are summarized along with research areas and challenges in IOT development.

1. Introduction to Internet
of Things (IOT)
Prepared By
S.Sankar
16PHD0247
Full Time Research Scholar
SCOPE
VIT University
Guided By
Dr. P. Srinivasan PhD
Associate Professor
SITE
VIT University

2. AGENDA
• Definition
• History
• Introduction
• Architecture
• Protocol
• Implementation Tool
• Research areas and challenges
• Applications

3. DEFINITION
• Collection of inter-related physical devices connected
over the internet that able to exchange the data from
one device to another devices with less human
involvement

4. HISTORY OF IOT
• British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton coined the term in
1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs.
• Kevin Ashton “IOT” definition as
“ Global network of objects connected to
Radio frequency identification.”

5. INTRODUCTION
• Wireless Sensor Network
• Cloud Computing
• RFID
• RFID connecting to IOT

6. Wireless Sensor Network:
• A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless
network consisting of spatially distributed
autonomous devices using sensors to monitor
physical or environmental conditions.

7. Difference between WSN and IOT
Wireless Sensor
Network
Internet of Things
Things connected to
wireless network and
gather some data or
monitoring the
environment
IOT= WSN+ Internet + Cloud
Storage + Mob/ Web Application

8. Cloud Computing :
Definition:
• Cloud computing means storing and accessing the
data over internet instead of our computer hard drive

9. RFID:
• RFID is a method of identifying unique object using radio
waves
• RFID system are made up of three components
1. Reader
2. Antennas
3. Tags

10. Connecting RFID Tags to IOT

11. Communication Principle

12. Address Updating

13. IOT Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture of IOT

14. 1. Sensing Layer:
• it is used to gather data from objects
2.Network Layer:
• it provides the infrastructure to support over wired or
wireless connection among things
3.Service Layer:
• It is used to create and manage the services required by
user application
4. Application Layer:
• It provides the interaction methods with user
application

15. IOT Common Standards
• W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
• IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)
• EPC global
• IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers)
• ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute)

16. IOT Protocol Standards

17. Application Layer Protocol:
1. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP):
• It follows the stateless client-server architecture
• It is suitable for tiny devices with low power,
computation and communication capabilities
2. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT):
• It is suitable to connect embedded devices, network
with application

18. 3. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
• It is suitable for multi-party chatting, voice and video
calling and telecommunity
4. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol(AMQP):
• It is wire level protocol
5. Data Distribution service (DDS):
• It is used for multicasting application

19. 2. Infrastructure Protocols:
a. Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy
Networks (RPL):
• This protocol is standardized by IETF
• This routing protocol supports simple and complex
traffic models like
i. Point to point
ii. Point to multi point
iii. Multi point to point

20. b. 6LoWPAN(IPV6 Low power wireless personal
area network):
• This standard provides header compression to reduce
the data transmission overhead, forwarding to link-
layer to support multi-hop delivery

21. 3. IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee)
• This protocol was created to specify a sub layer as
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) for low rate wireless private area networks
(LR-WPAN)
• It provides a reliable communication, operability on
different platforms and a large number of nodes

22. 4. Physical Layer:
a. LTE-A ( Long Term Evolution- Advanced):
• This protocol is suitable for long term durability of
infrastructure especially for smart cities

23. Implementation Tool
Real Time Implementation:
1. Embedded system
2. Wireless network and cloud storage
3. Decision making and Machine learning
4. Web/ Mobile Application
Simulation Tool:
• Contiki Os – Cooja Simulator

24. Research Areas and Challenges in IOT
• Availability
• Reliability
• Mobility
• Performance
• Management
• Scalability
• Interoperability
• Security and privacy
• Video based IOT
• Social Internet of things

25. Applications
• Transportation and logistics domain
• Healthcare domain
• Smart environment (home, office, plant , city)
• Personal and social domain

26. References
1. Kevin Ashton,”That ‘ internet of things’ Thing”,
RFID journal, 2002.
2. Sandra Dominikus and J• orn-Marc Schmidt,”
Connecting Passive RFID Tags to the Internet of
Things“, WWW.iab.org.
3. RFID Basics white paper
4. Luigi Atzori, Antonio Iera, Giacomo Morabito,” The
Internet of Things: A survey”, Computer Networks
54 (2010) 2787–2805.

27. 5. Jayavardhana Gubbi,Rajkumar Buyya,Slaven
Marusic,Marimuthu Palaniswami,” Internet of Things
(IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future
Directions”, Future Generation computer system,
Volume 29, Issue 7, September 2013, Pages 1645–
1660.
6. Shancang Li&Li Da Xu&Shanshan Zhao,” The
internet of things: a survey”, Inf Syst Front (2015)
17:243–259.

28. 7. Maria Rita Palattella, Nicola Accettura, Xavier
Vilajosana, Thomas Watteyne,” Standardized
Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important)
Things”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,
Vol. 15, No. 3, Third Quarter,2013.
8. Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani, Mehdi
Mohammadi, Mohammed Aledhari,”Internet of
Things: A Survey on EnablingTechnologies,
Protocols, and Applications”, Ieee Communication
Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 17, No. 4, Fourth Quarter
2015.

29. 9. G. Marrocco, C. Occhiuzzi, F. Amato, “ Sensor-
oriented passive RFID”, in: Proceedings of TIWDC
2009, Pula, Italy, September 2009.
10. C. Floerkemeier, C. Roduner, M. Lampe, RFID
application development with the Accada middleware
platform, IEEE System Journal 1 (2) (2007) 82–94.