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Internet of things (IOT) applications 
covering industrial domain
Dev Bhattacharya
dev_bhattacharya@ieee.org
Outline 
• Internet of things 
• IOT Protocols
• Industrial Internet of things
– Operational Technology
– Information Technology
• Conclusion
7/22/2015 2
What is Internet of Things(IoT)?
• New services by integrating with everyday objects 
– Objects are globally accessible from the Internet
• Embedded system device 
– Processing subsystem with full network connectivity
– Run the application on the device
• In contrast, “Things” are resource constrained 
– Energy, data throughput, computing and connectivity 
– The IOT application need not run on the device
• Runs as a web application on the cloud 
• Runs in the cloud connected dedicated server
7/22/2015 3
Simplified IoT System Architecture
Data
Analytics
smartphone
Internet cloud Cloud
server
Full
Capability
IoT
IoT Network
Constrained 
Capability
IoT
Constrained 
Capability
IoT
User
remote
server
Internet 
gateway
Can connect to internet
directly or, through an 
internet gateway
hub
7/22/2015 4
Multiple Protocols of IoT
• Higher layer protocols 
– Application
– Transport
– Network
• Lower layer protocols
– Link layer   
HTTP/REST, MQTT, COAP, DDS, etc.
TCP, UDP
IPV6 , IPV6 w 6LOWPAN, etc.
Wireless (802.15.4, WiFi, BTLE, etc.)
Security
Security
7/22/2015 5
MQTT Application layer Protocol
• MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
– Extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging 
transport. 
• Small device,  low bandwidth, intermittent connectivity. 
• MQTT is message oriented with message size as small as 2 byte. 
Good for small footprint device with intermittent internet 
connection such as through a satellite link, primarily for collecting 
data and response delay of ~10ms 
– A hub‐and‐spoke architecture is natural for MQTT. 
• Client Server architecture for data collection. Protocol works on 
top of TCP to avoid data loss and provides a simple, reliable 
stream. 
– The publisher subscriber model allows MQTT clients to 
communicate one‐to‐one, one‐to‐many and many‐to‐one.
7/22/2015 6
MQTT architecture diagram
Enterprise
Concentrator
Concentrator
Message
Broker
Billing
Maintenance
SCADA
MQTT
Enterprise messaging
7/22/2015 7
COAP Application layer Protocol
• Constrained application protocol(COAP) over UDP
– Resource constrained with small device memory
– Short message for low‐power devices.
• COAP with Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
– (DTLS) security on top of UDP to provide transmission 
protection(by retransmission and sequence number 
within handshake). 
– DTLS secures CoAP with features like integrity, 
authentication and confidentiality.
– can work between device to server and has a 
response time of ~10ms.
7/22/2015 8
DDS Application layer Protocol
• Data Distribution Service (DDS) 
– Direct device‐to‐device “bus” communication with a 
relational data model. This is exactly what many high‐
performance devices need to work together as a 
single system. 
– DDS is a data centric publish and subscribe 
technology to address the data distribution 
requirements of real time systems 
– Real time response of ~0.1ms and good for control 
and data distribution between smart devices with 
good network connectivity.
7/22/2015 9
DDS architecture diagram
Operator human
interface
Enterprise 
Integration
Realtime analytics
& control
Sensors Actuators
Databus
to access
shared
space
7/22/2015 10
Lower layer Protocols
• WiFi
– Integrates Security (WPA2 uses an encryption device which encrypts 
the network with a 256 bit key)
– Higher cost & power (~100mW) than 802.15.4 or, BT
– Data transfer rate 54 Mb/s, Range 100 m
• 802.15.4
– 802.15.4  good for sensor related low‐data‐rate applications 
– extended‐life low‐power‐consumption uses (~1mW)
– Security 128 bit AES
– Data transfer rate 250 Kb/s, Range 10 to 100m 
• Bluetooth LE 
– BTLE has very long battery life with sleep mode and used for 
medical sensors (0.1 to 0.5mW)
– Security 128 bit AES
– Data transfer rate lower than 100 kb/s, Range 50m
7/22/2015 11
What is Industrial Internet of things?
• What is industrial internet of things (IIOT)
– Existing plant field is connected with sensors, data management, 
advanced analytics, decision making, people and automation 
– Allows enterprise to control and communicate to field assets
• IIOT difference with general class of IOT
– Large number of nodes
– Controlled latency at various levels of hierarchical data 
processing
– Keep existing plant field running
• What is the benefit
– Asset optimization
– Process optimization
– Business Optimization
7/22/2015 12
Industrial IoT Requirements
• Existing manufacturing field industrial I/O devices including 
sensors, actuators, analyzers, drives, vision, video, and robotics
• Accommodate large number of nodes
• Controlled latency at various levels of hierarchical processing
• High reliability, high availability, safe & resilience to failure
• Provides smarter services (monitoring, alarm management)
• Non‐invasive IT integration with Operational technology 
– IT is top down designed from business point of view, well defined 
– Operational technology is defined bottom up with different vendor 
proprietary equipment 
– Communication network system that works in presence of internet, 
intermittent internet or, independent and connects to edge nodes for 
real time processing
• High access security and provision
• Human interaction
7/22/2015 13
Industrial IoT System Architecture
Data
Analytics
smartphone
Cloud
server
Private cloud
Second level of 
Edge processing
Second level of 
Edge processing
Cloud
server
First level of 
Edge processing
Public cloud
First level of 
Edge processing
First level of 
Edge processing
First level of 
Edge processing
Data
Analytics
IT
OT
Field
Device
Field
hub
sensors motor sensors
Industrial
hub
Industrial 
device
PLC
7/22/2015 14
IIoT Architectural components
• Operational Technology (OT)
– Characteristics (Triggered by event, Changing data, low 
latency real time)
– Use of MQTT, COAP (D2S,~10ms, collect) or, DDS 
(D2D,~0.1ms, distribute)
– First level of edge processing (low latency)
• Real time connectivity with data aggregation, device management, 
device security, communication gateway and processing 
• Support low latency industrial real time process management and 
event generation
• Connects actuators, analyzers, drives, vision, video, controllers 
and robotics
– Second level of edge processing (medium latency)
• Supports medium latency industrial process management, alarm 
generation, storage
7/22/2015 15
IIoT Architectural components (Contd.)
• Informational Technology (IT)
– Characteristics (Triggered by query, stored data, high 
latency non real time)
– Enterprise Data processing 
• Integration of data and virtualization of data for further 
processing by applications and analytics
• Application level protocols processing
• Historical data analysis, business decisions and processes
7/22/2015 16
Edge Processing Device Technology
• Hardware
– Interface for collecting sensor data from in the 
industrial field directly or, through a hub
• Wired: RS 422/RS485/RS232, Digital Input/output (5 to 48V) 
powered
• Wireless: Zigbee, Bluetooth, 3G
– Interface to next level of edge processing/cloud
• Wireless: 3G, WiFI
• Wired: Ethernet
– Processing module
• Microcontroller with MMU, memory, Flash, storage
• ADC, DAC
• USB, SPI
7/22/2015 17
Edge Processing Device Technology(Contd.)
• Software
– Operating system: Embedded OS with low latency 
TCP/IP
– Security 
• Open SSL Library, SRM Signing Tool, Certificate 
Management, SecureBoot,
Application Integrity Monitor, Application Resource 
Control, Secure Package
management, encrypted storage, application whitelisting, 
NSA Suite B algorithms 
for public and private key cryptography
– Management: OMA DM, TR‐069, Web‐based 
configuration interfaces
7/22/2015 18
Conclusion
• Progression from IOT to IIOT are covered
– Applications, system, architecture and protocols
• Following Key questions related to IOT and IIOT
are answered
– What constitutes an IOT, its architecture and 
protocols
– What way Industrial IOT is different from general 
class of IOT
– How OT and IT are combined to create Industrial IOT
– What kind of hardware and software technologies 
are used in Edge processing device
7/22/2015 19

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