This document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT according to various organizations and discusses the trends, enablers, and drivers that have led to the rise of IoT. It also provides an overview of key IoT technologies and components as well as example application areas. Finally, it discusses examples of common IoT devices like sensors, Raspberry Pi, and Arduino and how they can be used to build IoT solutions.
Internet of Things(IoT) - Introduction and Research Areas for ThesisWriteMyThesis
Internet of Things(IoT) is the latest technology making its presence felt in the world. There are various research areas for IoT thesis for M.Tech and Ph.D. Find out the latest topics for thesis and research here.
The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
In this presentation, Divya introduces IoT and associated trends. Natasha is interested in IoT applications in the domains of smart cities and pollution reporting.
A presentation on IoT - Internet of Things. Helps in getting a overview about the technology, architecture, platforms & applications used. With one real life example of Philips Hue Lights
topics discussed:
internet of things the future.
is IOT a fad?
future opportunities for internet of things
market size of internet of things.
current market.
obstacles in internet of things
Internet of Things(IoT) - Introduction and Research Areas for ThesisWriteMyThesis
Internet of Things(IoT) is the latest technology making its presence felt in the world. There are various research areas for IoT thesis for M.Tech and Ph.D. Find out the latest topics for thesis and research here.
The internet of things (IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
In this presentation, Divya introduces IoT and associated trends. Natasha is interested in IoT applications in the domains of smart cities and pollution reporting.
A presentation on IoT - Internet of Things. Helps in getting a overview about the technology, architecture, platforms & applications used. With one real life example of Philips Hue Lights
topics discussed:
internet of things the future.
is IOT a fad?
future opportunities for internet of things
market size of internet of things.
current market.
obstacles in internet of things
Iot: Introduction ,architecture ,application especially engineering ,software,hardware,protocols and challenges
nodered software code for Iot simulation
INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET OF THINGS
Evolution of Internet of Things – Enabling Technologies – IoT Architectures: oneM2M, IoT World Forum (IoTWF) and Alternative IoT Models – Simplified IoT Architecture and Core IoT Functional Stack – Fog, Edge and Cloud in IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that allow these objects to collect and exchange data.
Why IoT?
With the development of technologies like M2M (machine-to-machine communication) and widespread of Internet, communication over long distance became possible.
This useful exchange of information across the globe with minimal human intervention led to an innovative concept called Internet of Things (IoT) where objects represent themselves as a digitally forming large network of connected devices that can communicate over the internet.
Components comprising IoT
IoT Hardware – These include sensors, micro-controller devices for control, servers, an edge or gateway.
IoT software – It includes mobile and web applications that are responsible for data collection, device integration, real-time analysis and application and process extension.
IoT Lifecycle
Collect: The life cycle of IoT starts with collecting data from different sources deployed in a particular region. These sources could be any sensors or device capable of transmitting data connected to a gateway. Data are efficiently collected and passed forward through a communication channel for analysis.
Communicate: This phase involves secure and reliable transfer of data. Routers, switches and firewall technologies play a vital role in establishing communication between devices. The Data is sent to the cloud or other data centers using the internet which is our major means of communication in IoT.
Analysis: This phase is an important part of the IoT lifecycle. In this phase data collected from different sensor devices are collected and analysed based on the use case to extract some useful output/information.
Action: This is the final stage of IoT lifecycle. Information obtained by the analysis of sensor data is acted upon and proper actions and measures are taken based on the analysis result.
This PDF tells the basic Concept of ICs (Integrated Circuit) in Embedded System . This pdf also contain some examples including application of ICs in Solar Panel .
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
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Session Overview
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
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GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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1. Introduction to the Internet of
Things (IoT)
John Soldatos, PhD
(jsol@ait.gr; john.Soldatos@gmail.com)
2. Overview: Contents
What is the Internet of
Things?
• Definitions
• Motivation,
Enablers, and Drivers
Overview of Internet
of Things Technologies
and Applications
• IoT Components
• IoT Application areas
Examples of IoT
Devices
• Sensors
• Raspberry Pi &
Arduino
3. IoT Definitions
UN (2005)
“A new era of ubiquity is
coming where humans may
become the minority as
generators and receivers of
traffic and changes brought
about by the Internet will
be dwarfed by those
prompted by the
networking of everyday
objects”
ITU
“From anytime, anyplace
connectivity for anyone, we
will now have connectivity
for anything”
EU
‘‘Things having identities
and virtual personalities
operating in smart spaces
using intelligent interfaces
to connect and
communicate within social,
environmental, and user
contexts”
8. People connect to Things
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
Internet
9. Things connect to Things
9
- Complex and heterogeneous
resources and networks
MN: Mobile Node
10. Some IoT (Intro) Videos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIMYZE2Ma6IEuropean Commission: Internet-of-
Things
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3ur8wzzhBUIntel IoT: What Does The Internet of
Things Mean?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_hjAfPJeRACisco: How the Internet of Things Will
Change Everything—Including Ourselves
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9xAZZ-8zgIBM: Internet of Things
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMYQ6AnBK-cMicrosoft: The Internet of Your Things
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaTIt1C5R-MTEDxCIT: The Internet of Things
11. IoT vs. “Similar” Technologies
•USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks)
•M2M (Machine-to-Machine)
•IoE (Internet of Everything)
•CoT (Cloud of Things)
•WoT (Web of Things)
•CPS (Cyber Physical Systems)
12. IoT Technologies and Applications
IoTTechnologies
Sensors & Wireless Sensors
Networks (WSN)
Radio-Frequency-
Identification
Semantics &
Interoperability
IoT Cloud Integration
IoT Analytics & BigData
IoTApplications
Smart Cities & Communities
IoT in Healthcare
IoT in Manufacturing &
Logistics
IoT in Transport (e.g.,
Connected Car, Self-Driving
Car)
IoT in Smart Buildings (e.g.,
Facility Management)
13. Typical IoT Components
• Sensors/Actuators
• Communication between servers or server platforms
• Server/Middleware Platforms
• Data Analytics Engines
• Apps (iOS, Android, Web)
IoT-A Architecture Model (www.iot-a.eu/)
Source: Microsoft Blogs (blogs.msdn.microsoft.com)
18. IoT Perspectives & Visions
L. Atzori et al. / Computer Networks 54 (2010) 2787–2805
19. IoT Devices: Sensors
Sensor
• Provides usable output in response
to a specified measurement
• A sensor acquires a physical
parameter and converts it into a
signal suitable for processing (e.g.,
optical, electrical, mechanical)
Deployment and Applications
• Bodies, automobiles, airplanes,
cellular telephones, radios, chemical
plants, industrial plants, etc.
• Many other applications
20. IoT Devices: Sensors
Stimulus Type Signal/Quantity
Acoustic Wave (amplitude, phase, polarization), Spectrum, Wave
Velocity
Biological & Chemical Fluid Concentrations (Gas or Liquid)
Electric Charge, Voltage, Current, Electric Field (amplitude, phase,
polarization), Conductivity, Permittivity
Magnetic Magnetic Field (amplitude, phase, polarization), Flux,
Permeability
Optical Refractive Index, Reflectivity, Absorption
Thermal Temperature, Flux, Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity
Mechanical Position, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Strain, Stress,
Pressure, Torque
21. IoT Devices: Sensors & Actuators
Transducer
Sensor
Detects &
Measures a Signal
or Stimulus
Acquires
information from
the real world
Actuator
Generates Signal
or Stimulus
Real
World
Sensor
Actuator
Intelligent
Feedback
System
• Transducer:
• Converts a primary form of energy
into a signal with a different energy
form
• Energy form examples:
• Mechanical
• Thermal
• Electromagnetic
• Optical
• Chemical
• etc.
22. Sensor Examples (1)
Temperature sensors
• Temperature can be
measured through
pressure, volume,
electrical resistance, and
strain
• Applications: Buildings,
chemical process plants,
engines, appliances,
computers, etc.
Accelerometers
• Measures along one axis
and is insensitive to
orthogonal directions
• Applications: Vibrations,
blasts, impacts, shock
waves, air bags, washing
machines, heart
monitors, car alarms,
etc.
Light Sensors
• Composed of
photoconductor, such as
a photoresistor,
photodiode, or
phototransistor
• Applications: Cameras,
infrared detectors, and
ambient lighting
applications
23. Sensor Examples (2)
Ultrasonic sensors
• Used for position
measurements
• Sound waves emitted
are in the range of 2-13
MHz
• Sound Navigation And
Ranging (SONAR)
• Radio Detection And
Ranging (RADAR)
Photogate
• Used in counting
applications (e.g.,
motion period
identification)
• Records time at which
light is broken
• Includes infrared
transmitter and receiver
at opposite ends of the
sensor
CO2 Gas Sensor
• Measures gaseous CO2
levels in an environment
• Measures CO2 levels in
the range of 0-5000 ppm
(parts per million)
• Monitors infrared
radiation absorbed by
CO2 molecules
24. Sensor Selection Criteria
Economic
• Cost
• Availability
• Lifetime
• Etc.
Environmental
• Size
• Power
Consumption
• Interference &
Sensitivity
• Etc.
Sensor
Characteristics
• Sensitivity
• Range
• Stability
• Error
• Response Time
25. IoT Devices: Arduino
Overview
• Open-source electronics
prototyping platform
• Flexible & easy-to-use hardware
and software
• Typical Users: Artists, designers,
hobbyists
• Applications involving interactive
objects or environments
Benefits
• Microcontroller: Bridge between
cyber & physical worlds
• Balances functionality and ease
of use
• Low costs (e.g., starting from $35)
• Arduino C
Types
• Leonardo
• Due
• Micro
• LilyPad
• Esplora
• Uno
26. Arduino Programming (1)
•C++ based: A handful of new commands
•Programs are called “sketches”.
•Sketches need two functions:
• void setup( ): Runs first and once
• void loop( ): Runs over and over, until power is lost or a new sketch is loaded
• PIN = Global Variables
27. Arduino Programming (2)
• digitalWrite(pin, value): Sends a voltage level to the designated pin
• pinMode(pin, mode): Designates the specified pin for input or output
• digitalRead(pin): Reads the current voltage level from the designated pin
• Analog versions of above: analogRead's range is 0 to 1023
• Serial commands: print, println, write
• www.arduino.cc: Online support forum
28. Sensors & Shields
Sensors
• Can be both binary or a range
• Measure a range of values, vary their
resistance to reflect their detection
• Arduinos sense voltages, not
resistances
• Sensors that only vary their
resistances: Voltage divider to
provide the Arduino a voltage is
required
Shields
• Circuit boards that plug into the top
of an Arduino in order to enhance its
functionality
• Examples: Ethernet, GPS, Motor,
Prototype
29. Devices: Raspberry Pi
Raspberry (University of
Cambridge)
• Credit card sized PC: Plugs into a
TV or monitor
• Extensively used for IoT Education
• Typical Uses: Programming,
Electronic Projects, Office, HD
Videos Playback
• Cost: Approx. $35-$100
(depending on extras)
30. Raspberry Pi Components
Core
Raspberry Pi board
Prepared Operating System SD
Card
USB keyboard
Display (with HDMI, DVI, or
Composite input)
Power Supply
Extras
USB mouse
Internet connectivity: LAN cable
Powered USB Hub
Case
Programming
Languages
C
C++
Java
Scratch
Ruby
Any supported on ARM6
31. Raspberry Pi Sample IoT Projects
Simple
Programmable
Networked Sensor
Low-cost digital temperature and
humidity sensor integrated with
Raspberry Pi
https://github.com/jervine/rpi-
temp-humid-monitor
ThinkBox (IoT on
Raspberry Pi)
Software already installed &
configured: Graphical creation of
new applications from a simple
web browser
http://thethingbox.io/
Raspberry People
Counter
Motion Sensors wired to the GPIO
pins of Raspberry Pi
http://blog.ubidots.com/building-
a-people-counter-with-raspberry-
pi-and-ubidots