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Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
The document is a short course on the Internet of Things (IoT), highlighting its significance due to the anticipated rise of connected devices to 50 billion by 2025. It discusses the history of IoT, the components essential for designing IoT devices, various communication protocols, and the expected growth of IoT markets. Additionally, it raises concerns regarding security, privacy, and standardization in the IoT ecosystem.
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Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
- 1. A Short Course On Introductionto Internet of Things (IoT) Vignesh Govindraj Research Engineer, Tellercomm, Bengaluru Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan Research Scientist, Red Sift, London, UK
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- 4. IoT – Whyshould we care? • Cutting edge technology 50 Billion connected devices by 2025. “What was the last piece of technology you purchased that didn't have Wi-Fi or Bluetooth built in? Probably your original iPod. • We are Engineers !!!
- 5. A look backat the history
- 6. Chronology • 1990 The firstInternet connected toaster is born. Developed by John Roomkey. • 1999 The term IoT was coined by Kevin Ashton. • 2000 LG announces its first Internet connected refrigerator plans.
- 7. Why is theInternet of Things a newly popular topic today?
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- 13. Population growth inIndia 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2011 2025
- 14. expected population growthin India urban 210 rural 50
- 16. Smart cities usecases (India) 46% ICT related 54% infrasruct ure 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 ICT related Transport water waste
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- 18. Cybernetics • To steer,navigate and govern. “Study of self governance” Feedback mechanism
- 19. Types and ordersof Cybernetics • Morphostatic Eg. AC • Morphogenetic Eg. Smart AC
- 20. Holarchy “Part of asystem but whole on self”
- 22. ITS 18 Smart parking 21 Electricvehicles 15 Smart signaling 18 ICT Analysis - Transport domain
- 23. What’s next ? Youeither see the future coming or chase it after it occurs.
- 24. • 1980’s Hardware /process optimization • 1990’s Software / productivity • 2000’s Web / information retreival • 2010’s mobile / appstore • 2020’s - ?
- 25. Session II Designing theInternet of Things
- 26. What is IoT? Internet of Things Inter-network of Things
- 27. Thing in IoTis defined as “An embedded computing device that transmits and receives information over a network”
- 28. Thing in IoTshould posses 3cs Ingredients of a Thing • Connect • Compute • Communicate
- 29. Designing the ‘Thing’ Connectcompute communicate sensor controller Communicati on interface
- 30. Smart Street Light •Sensor • Controller • Actuator • Communication Interface ?
- 32. A complete ‘Thing’ sensormcu Comm interface actuator Power
- 33. Selecting the rightcontroller/processor for Things in IoT • Cost • Memory • Power consumption
- 34. Some more parametersto be considered • How many street lights are there in India ? Approx. 400 million • Should all the lights be connected o the Internet ? • Are there enough IP addresses?
- 35. IPv4 and IPv6 •32 bit address 2^32 = 4,294,967,296 IP addresses • 128 bit address 2^128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768, 211,456 IP addresses
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- 37. IoT communication models •Device to Device • Device to Cloud • Device to Gateway • Device to Application
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- 39. Software stack forconstained device
- 40. Designing the “Thing”- Software The software for IoT device must be • Scalable • Modular • Connected • Reliable So why not Linux ?
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- 42. Software Stack forthe gateway
- 43. communication • Protocol• Unique Identifier •Channel• Data content medium languageaddress
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- 45. IoT Protocols 1. Bluetooth •Standard: Bluetooth 4.2 core specification • Frequency: 2.4GHz (ISM) • Range: 50-150m (Smart/BLE) • Data Rates: 1Mbps (Smart/BLE)
- 46. IoT Protocols 2. Zigbee •Standard: ZigBee 3.0 based on IEEE802.15.4 • Frequency: 2.4GHz • Range: 10-100m • Data Rates: 250kbps
- 47. IoT Protocols 3. Z-Wave •Standard: Z-Wave Alliance ZAD12837 / ITU-T G.9959 • Frequency: 900MHz (ISM) • Range: 30m • Data Rates: 9.6/40/100kbit/s • 16 bit address space
- 48. IoT Protocols 4. 6LowPAN •Standard: RFC6282 • Frequency: (adapted and used over a variety of other networking media including Bluetooth Smart (2.4GHz) or ZigBee or low- power RF (sub-1GHz) • Range: N/A • Data Rates: N/A
- 49. IoT Protocols 5. Thread •Standard: Thread, based on IEEE802.15.4 and 6LowPAN • Frequency: 2.4GHz (ISM) • Range: N/A • Data Rates: N/A • Supports a mesh network of upto 250 nodes
- 50. IoT Protocols 6. WiFi •Standard: Based on 802.11n (most common usage in homes today) • Frequencies: 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands • Range: Approximately 50m • Data Rates: 600 Mbps maximum, but 150-200Mbps is more typical, depending on channel frequency used and number of antennas (latest 802.11-ac standard should offer 500Mbps to 1Gbps)
- 51. IoT Protocols 7. Cellular •Standard: GSM/GPRS/EDGE (2G), UMTS/HSPA (3G), LTE (4G) • Frequencies: 900/1800/1900/2100MHz • Range: 35km max for GSM; 200km max for HSPA • Data Rates (typical download): 35-170kps (GPRS), 120-384kbps (EDGE), 384Kbps-2Mbps (UMTS), 600kbps- 10Mbps (HSPA), 3-10Mbps (LTE)
- 52. IoT Protocols 8. NFC •Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-3 • Frequency: 13.56MHz (ISM) • Range: 10cm • Data Rates: 100–420kbps
- 53. IoT Protocols 9. Sigfox •Standard: Sigfox • Frequency: 900MHz • Range: 30-50km (rural environments), 3-10km (urban environments) • Data Rates: 10-1000bps
- 54. IoT Protocols 10. LoRaWAN •Standard: LoRaWAN • Frequency: Various • Range: 2-5km (urban environment), 15km (suburban environment) • Data Rates: 0.3-50 kbps.
- 55. Application Layer IoTProtocols
- 56. Application Layer IoTProtocols
- 58. Data • 44 billionTB data generated by 2020 This is where data management and analysis becomes important.
- 59. Four components ofIoT from data perspective • Device • Communication • Software Backend • Application Software
- 60. Software Stack forCloud
- 62. Big Data andIoT
- 64. Issues raised bythe IoT • Security • Privacy • Interoperability and standards • Legal, regulatory and Rights
- 65. Internet of Threat Securityperspective The Internet of Things is going to destroy Us all
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- 71. Lets set abaseline….. The average lifespan of a refrigerator…. 17 years.
- 72. IHS forecasts thatIoT market will grow from an installed base of 15.4 billion devices in 2015 to 30.7 billion devices in 2020 and 75.4 billion in 2025.
- 73. IoT devices (in billion) 15.4 30.7 75.4 ChartTitle 2015 2020 2025
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