Iot how it works

Intelligent interactivity between human
and things to exchange information &
knowledge for new value creation.
Almost every area, device, sensor,
software, etc are connected to each
other. The ability to access these
devices through a smart phone or
through a computer is called IoT
IoT platform collects and combines
data from multiple devices and
platforms and applies analytics to
share the most valuable data with
applications to address industry-
specific needs
Internet of Things

Interconnectivity:
The interconnectivity feature is illustrated by the
connection among everything including any virtual or
physical objects and the communication infrastructure.
Things-related services:
The concept of this characteristic is to provide services
that can be applied to several connected things based on
constraints of these things.
Heterogeneity:
This feature of the IoT comes from the idea of connect
different devices that are built using different hardware and
run over different platforms.
Dynamic changes:
IoT can handle dynamic changes that are required by
involved different objects in term of state changes, connected
and disconnected, or in term of context changes such as
changing locations.
Characteristics of IoT
Artificial
Intelligence
Active
Engagement
Connectivity
Sensors
Devices

IoT with Artificial Intelligence
IoT has a core relationship with Artificial
intelligence.
IoT is about connecting machines and
making use of the data generated from
those machines. AI is about simulating
intelligent behavior on machines of all
kinds
Data is only useful if you create an
action. To make the data processable,
they must be complemented with
context and creativity. The AI in the
IoT is this context, that is, ‘connected
intelligence’ and not just connected
devices.

The synergy between the IoT &
AI greatly enhancing the
capabilities of each entity
AI functions best with vast
amounts of data, while IoT
devices are ideal sources for
supplying the required
information streams.
AI is expected to perform several
intelligent tasks (like speech
recognition decision making,
language understanding, etc.). It
is believed to perform tasks that
were earlier limited to human
intelligence.
IoT with Artificial Intelligence

Features of IoT
Applications Applications Applications Business intelligence/Analytics
Application Program Interfaces Platform as a Service Middleware
WAN
Gate way Applications
Virtual Machines Middleware Protocols/Stacks
Display Audio Operating System
Non-volatile Storage RAM Security
Power Management
Sensors Industry Specific Interface
Real Time Communications Processing
EthernetAnalog IO Digital IO Cellular Radio GPS

IoT - Basic Requirements
•Connectivity: A wide variety of wired and wireless
standards as well as business entities are used to connect
the things in the IoT.
• Power management: More things within the IoT will be
battery powered or use energy harvesting to be more
portable and self-sustaining.
• Security: Built-in hardware security and use of existing
connectivity security protocols is essential to secure IoT.
• Complexity: Ease of design and development is essential
to get more things connected. The average consumer has
to connect and use their devices without a technical
background.
• Rapid evolution: The IoT is constantly changing and
evolving. More devices are being added everyday and the
industry is still in its naissance.

Geographic Coverage of Wireless Access
PROXIMITY
NETWORKS
WIRELESS
PERSONAL AREA
NETWORKS(WPAN)
WIRELESS
LOCAL AREA
NETWORKS(WLAN)
WIRELESS
NEIGHBORHOOD
AREA
NETWORKS(WNAN)
WIRELESS
WIDE AREA
NETWORKS(WWAN)
IEEE.802.15.4 LPWAN
ZIGBEE 6LoWPAN
Z WAVE BLE
Wireless HART
Cellular:2G/3G/4G/5G
Low Power WAN: SigFox
LoRa & Lo RaWAN
NB-IoT LTE-M/MTC
IEEE.802.15.4k/g
IEEE.802.11/a/b/g/h
IEEE.802.11p
IEEE.802.11ad
IEEE.802.11ah
IEEE.802.11af
Zigbee NAN
Wireless M-bus
RF-ID
NFC
Short Range
(10m – 100m)
Short/Medium
Range
(100m – 1000m)
Medium Range
(Up to 10Kms)
Long Range
(Up to 100Kms)
Contact
/Proximity Range
(0 – 10m)

Functional View of IoT Technologies
Sensing and/or
Smart Devices
Connectivity
Nodes
Layers of Embedded
Processing Nodes
Connectivity
Nodes
Remote Cloud
based Processing
Application/
Action
Insights/
Big Data
Software in all Nodes
s
s
s
Users actions via
screened devices or
automatically
Drive action based
on data parameters
P
P
P
C
C
C
CP P
Data analytics for
Business intelligences P CSensing Embedded Processing Communication

Edge Product
BAN PAN
Wired/
Wireless LAN
Hierarchical
Gateways
Remote Cloud
based Processing
Application/
Action
Insights/
Big Data
s
s
s
Users actions via
screened devices or
automatically
Drive action based
on data parameters
P
P
P
C
C
C
s P CSensing Embedded Processing Connectivity
Wired/
Wireless
WAN
C CP
C
C
P
Software in all Nodes

Smart
Home
Smart
Office
Smart
Retail
Smart
City
Smart
Agriculture
Smart
Energy &
Fuel
Smart
Transportation
Smart
Military
Network Size Small Small Small Medium
Medium/
Large
Large Large Large
Network
Connectivity
WPAN
WLAN
3G, 4G
Internet
WPAN
WLAN
3G, 4G
Internet
RF ID
NFC
WPAN
WLAN
3G, 4G
Internet
RF ID
NFC
WLAN
3G, 4G
Internet
WLAN
Satellite
Comm
Internet
WLAN
3G, 4G
Microwave
links
Satellite
Comm
WLAN
3G, 4G
Satellite
Comm
RF ID
NFC
WPAN
WLAN
3G, 4G
Satellite
Comm
Bandwidth
Requirement
Small Small Small Large Medium Medium
Medium/
Large
Medium/
Large
Smart Environment Application Domains

Service Domain Services
Smart Home Entertainment, Internet Access
Smart Office Secure file exchange, Internet Access, VPN, B2B
Smart Retail
Customer Privacy, Business transactions, Business security, B2B, Sales & Logistics
Management
Smart City
City management, Resource Management, Police network, Fire department Network
Transportation management, Disaster management
Smart Agriculture Field monitoring, Weather condition monitoring, Fire Alarm, Trespassing
Smart Energy & Fuel
Pipeline monitoring Tank monitoring, Power line monitoring, Trespassing & Damage
management
Smart Transportation
Road condition monitoring, Traffic status monitoring, Traffic light control, Navigation
support, Smart car support, Traffic Information support, Intelligent Transportation system
Smart Military
Command & control, Communication, Sensor network, Situational Awareness, Security
information, Military networking
Smart Environment Application Domains

Application Compatibility of Technologies
Key IoT Verticals LPWAN CELLULAR MESH BLE Wi-Fi
Internet of Things
Smart Metering
Smart City
Smart Building
Smart Home
Wearable
Connected Car
Connected Health
Smart Retail
Asset Tracking
Smart Agriculture
Highly Applicable
Moderately Applicable

Classification of IoT Connectivity Options
1. Short-Range, High Data rate protocols (SRHD)
2. Short-Range, Low Data rate protocols (SRLD)
3. Long-Range, High Data rate protocols (LRHD)
4. Long-Range, High Data rate protocols (LRHD)
5G Development 3G, 4G, LTE
SRHD
SRLD LRLD
LRHD
ZIGEE
BLUETOOTH
Wi-Fi
10m
Range
1Mbps
Data
Rate
SigFox
LoRa

The attributes of different wireless and
LPWAN(Low Power WAN) technologies
The range capabilities of (Long Range WAN) show why the technology is perfectly suited to
IoT applications where low power, low data rates and extended range is valued. LoRaWAN
is far more power efficient than Wi-Fi and 4G allowing devices to run on battery for years
NFC
RF-ID
Zigbee
Bluetooth
Wi - Fi
Cellular – 3G/4G/5G
LPWAN
LoRaWAN
Sigfox
NB-IOT
Satellite
LOW HIGH
LOW
HIGH
Data Rate
Range

IoT Challenges
● Mobility
● Reliability
● Scalability
● Management
● Availability
● Interoperability
● Security and Privacy

Unlocking the Massive Potential of IoT
Improved
Performance
Create Innovative
Services
New Revenue
Stream
Reduced Cost

More Connected Devices than People
Connected
Devices
per Person
Connected
Devices
World
Population
More
connected
devices
than
People

A New Style of IT Emerging!...
Every 60 seconds
217 new mobile web users
98,000 + tweets
695,000 status updates
11 million instant messages
698,445 Google searches
168 million+ emails sent
1,820TB of data created
Main frame Client/Server The internet Mobile, Social
Big data & Cloud

Exposed Growth in the number of connected devices
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Local Network
Mobile Hnadsets
PC/Laptops
Tablets
IoT
ConnectedDevices(Billions)

IoT Integrated View
(Mapping the device integration aspects)
DEVICES
Apps & services
Master data management
Cloud based virtualized and Optimized
Hosting
Security &
Governance
Social Network
Mobility & Internet
Leading to a
Overall value
Focused Devices
Chain based IoT solutions

Data Flow of IoT
IoT Applications
Cloud/Server
Gateway
Capabilities
IoT Devices
(Sensing and Actuating
Devices)
Communication
Network
(Internet)
SecurityCapabilities
Direct Communication Indirect Communication
Data turns
into Value
Data is stored
processed and managed
Data is transported
through Network Layer
Data is acquired and forwarded
to the communication network
Data is
produced
Securitycomesateachlayer

Sensors
Connectivity
and Network
Gateway and
Network
Management
Service
Application
Sensors Network
Sensors, Actuators, Tags
(RF-ID, Barcode)
WAN (GSM, UMTS,
LTE, LTE-A)
Wi-Fi, Ethernet
Gateway control
Device Modeling
Configuration &
Management
Device flow
Management
Security control
ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH CARE
TRANSPORTATION
PEOPLE TRACKING
ENERGY
RETAIL
SUPPLY CHAIN
SURVEILLANCE

IoT Architecture
Gateway
Gateway
Sensors actuators
and Smart Devices
Sensors actuators
and Smart Devices
Cloud
gateway
Sensor
data
Streaming
data processor
Sensor
data
Control
data
Web Application
Mobile
Application
Device
Administration
User
Administration
Security
Monitoring
Device
Analytics
Machine
Learning
Models
User
BusinessLogic
Data Lake
Big Data
Ware House
Control
Applications

IoT Architecture reference model
CENTER
EDGE: Sensors, Devices, Machines
Intelligent Edge nodes of all types
7. Collaboration and Processes
(Involving People and Processes)
6. Application
(Reporting analytics Control)
5. Data Abstraction
(Aggregation and Access)
4. Data Accumulation
(Storage)
3. Edge Computing
(Data Element Analysis
and Transformation)
2. Connectivity
(Communication and Processing Units)
1. Physical Devices and Controllers
(The Things in IoT)
Data
in rest
Data
at motion

IoT vs M2M
M2M is about direct communication
between machine
It supports cloud communication
Devices necessarily rely on internet
connection
Mostly hardware based technology
Machines normally communicate with a
single machine at a time
A device can be connected through mobile
or other network

IoT vs M2M
IOT is about sensors automation and
internet platform
It supports point to point communication
Devices need not rely on internet
connection
Both hardware and software based
technology
Many users can access at the same time
over the internet
Data delivery depends on the Internet
Protocol (IP) network

Analogy of Human body with Cognitive IoT
HUMAN BODY
COGNITIVE IOTBrain
Nervous
System
Nerve cells
& Muscles
Models &
Analytics
Interconnection
Sensors &
Actuators
Sense &
Understand
Control &
Manage

Smart Systems and the Internet of Things are driven by a combination of
1. Sensors 2. Connectivity 3.People & Processes
Process
Things
People
Data
MobileHome
Business
People to
People
(P2P)
People to
Machine
(P2M)
Machine to
Machine
(M2M)

IoT - Diverse Applications
Lightbulbs
Security per Feeding
Irrigation Controller
Smoke Alarm
Refrigerator
Infotainment
EnergyMonitoring
PatientCare
Remote Diagnostic
Equipmentmonitoring
Bio wearable
HospitalHygiene
HVAC
Security
EmergencyAlerts
StructuralIntegrity
Occupancy
Lighting
Electrical
Electrical Distribution
Surveillance
Signage
Utilities
EmergencyServices
Waste management
Traffic routing
Telematics
PackageMonitoring
Smart parking
Supplychain
Publictransport
Airplanes Trains
To Diverse Applications

Compound Applications
Things get interested when these connected devices and services start creating COMPOUND
APPLICATIONS within their own verticals and across industries

IoT - Protocols
1. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
2. Message Queue Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT)
3. Advanced Message Queuing protocol (AMQP)
4. Data Distribution Service (DDS)

Constrained Application Protocol
chineM2M
REST Internet
CoAP Environment
CoAP Server
CoAP Clients
REST CoAP Proxy
CoAP Communication
HTTP Communication
REST Internet
For Machine to Machine(M2M)
Communication
Request Response Model
Runs on UDP instead of TCP
GET, PUT, POST, DELETE etc

Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol
Subscribe
Subscribe
Subscribe
Publish
Publish
Publish
Topics
Publishers Broker Subscribers
▸ It is based on publish
subscribe model
▸ Use of MQTT broker
(asa Server )
▸ Useful for places where
memory and resources
constraints are limited

Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
Its for business messaging
Supports point to point and
publish subscribe,
routing/queuing
UsesAMQP brokers
Messages are Pushed By the
brokers or pulled by the
consumers.
Publisher
Publisher
Publisher Subscriber
Subscriber
SubscriberAMQP Broker
Exchange
Queues

Data Distribution Service Protocol
 Its a middleware for
D2D or M2M
 Publish subscribe model
 Provides QoS and
configurable reliability
Topic
Topic
DDS DOMAIN
Application 1 Application 2 Application 3
DLRL
Data
Object
Subscriber
Subscriber
Data Reader
Data ReaderData Writer
Publisher
Sender Receiver
Receiver
Network
DDSPLATFORM
Data Values
Data ValuesData Values
Topic
Dissemination

Blue
tooth
LoRa
WAN
Zigbee
Z Wave
Wi-Fi
Cellular
NFC
IoT Technologies and Protocols

IoT – Wi-Fi Connectivity
Wide existing Infrastructure High Data rate High Power consuming
Fast data transfer IEEE802.11 standard Most popular IoT protocol
Enterprise
Residential
Wi-Fi Hotspot
Base Station
Core Network

Cellular Connectivity
Any IoT application that requires
operation over longer distances can take
advantage of GSM/3G/4G cellular
communication capabilities.
While cellular is clearly capable of
sending high quantities of data,
especially for 4G, the cost and also
power consumption will be too high for
many applications.
But it can be ideal for sensor-based low-
bandwidth-data projects that will send
very low amounts of data over the
Internet.

IoT Technology - NFC
NFC enables simple and safe
communications between electronic
devices, and specifically for smart
phones, allowing consumers to
perform transactions in which one
does not have to be physically present.
It helps the user to access digital
content and connect electronic
devices.
Essentially it extends the capability of
contactless card technology and
enables devices to share information at
a distance that is less than 4cm.

IoT Technology - LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is one of popular IoT
Technology, targets wide-area
network (WAN) applications.
The LoRaWAN design to provide
low-power WANs with features
specifically needed to support low-
cost mobile secure communication
in IoT, smart city, and industrial
applications.
Specifically meets requirements
for low-power consumption and
supports large networks with
millions and millions of devices,
data rates range from 0.3 kbps to
50 kbps.
End Nodes Gateway Network
server
Application
server
AES Secured Payload
LoRa RF
LoRaWAN
TCP/ IP SSL
LoRaWAN
TCP/ IP SSL
Secured Payload
Pet tracking
Smoke alarm
Water meter
Trash container
Vending
machine
Gas Monitoring
4G/
Ethernet
Back haul

Why LoRa WAN?
10 years
Ultra-low power nodes
with battery lifetime
up to 10 years
10 + miles
Long range communication
at data rates from 300bps
to50kbps
Scalable
Connecting sensors to
nodes in a star network
topology
Secure
Eavesdropping and
tampering virtually
impossible

IoT Technology – Z WAVE
Z-Wave is a low-power RF communications IoT technology that primarily design for home automation for products such as
lamp controllers and sensors among many other devices. The only maker of chips is Sigma Designs

IoT Technology - ZIGBEE
ZigBee is majorly used in industrial
settings
It offers low-power operation, high
security, robustness and high in complex
systems
It is well positioned to take advantage of
wireless control and sensor networks
in IoT applications
The latest version of ZigBee is the
recently launched 3.0, which is
essentially the unification of the various
ZigBee wireless standards into a single
standard.
Home Area Networks Utility Company Programs

Bluetooth Low Energy
An important short-range IoT communications Protocols / Technology and Very important role in
computing and many consumer product markets. The new Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) is a significant
protocol for IoT applications, with reduced power consumption.

IoT Applications and Use cases
Smart farming
Supply Chain
Smart Retail
Connected
Health
Connected Car
Industrial
Internet
Smart Grid
Smart City
Wearable
Smart Home

Smart Homes
The most important and
efficient application that
stands out every time
in IoT systems is Smart
Home ranking as highest
IoT application of all
The database of smart
homes for IoT Analytics
includes 256 companies
and startups.

The number of people
searching for smart
homes increases every
month with about 60,000
people and increasing
The estimated amount of
funding for Smart Home
startups exceeds $2.5bn
and is ever growing
Smart Homes

Wearable
 Just like smart homes, wearables
remain a hot topic too among
potential IoT applications.
 Every year, consumers all across
the globe await the release of Apple’
smart watch.
 Apart from this, there are plenty
of other wearable devices that make
our life easy such as the Sony Smart
B Trainer, or LookSee bracelet, the
Myo gesture control.

The smart city is a very big innovation
and spans a wide variety of use cases,
from water distribution to traffic
management to waste management,
environmental monitoring, and urban
security.
The smart city tries to remove the
discomfort and problems of people who
live in cities.
IoT solutions offered in the Smart City
area solve various city-related problems
comprising of traffic, reduce air and noise
pollution and help make cities safer.
Smart City

Smart City
IoT Platform
Edge to Cloud Solution
Use case: Air Quality
Scalable to Other Sectors
Energy
Transportation
Buildings
Manufacturing
Benefits
Economic Growth
Clean Tech Jobs
Supports EPA Goals
Climate Policy Mgmt
Environmental Sustainability
Advocates
 President of Intel Corporation
Mayor of San Jose
1st U.S. Engagement for Intel’s Smart City Sensor IoT Platform
Smart Cities U.S.A
City of San Jose, CA + Intel Corporation

Smart City
Transport
Governance
& Citizen
Health
care
Infra
structure
Education
Security
Buildings
Energy

Smart City
THE RELEVANCE OF SMART APPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENT CITY SIZES
IoT Smart City
Application Large Smart Cities Mid Sized Smart Cities Small Smart Cities
Smart Traffic
Smart Parking
Smart Lighting
Smart Waste Management
Air Quality Monitoring
Public Safety
+ ++
+
- -
- -+ ++
+ ++
+ ++
+
+
+
+
+
+ ++
+ ++
+
+

Smart Grid
A smart grid basically promises to
extract information on the behaviors
of consumers and electricity
suppliers in an automated fashion in
order to improve the efficiency,
economics, and reliability of
electricity distribution.

Smart Grid
The Smart Grid is part of an IoT
framework, which can be used to
remotely monitor and manage
everything from lighting, traffic
signs, traffic congestion, parking
spaces, road warnings, and early
detection of things like power
influxes as the result of
earthquakes and extreme weather.

Industrial IoT
The Industrial Internet is an
Internet of Things, machines,
computers, and people
enabling intelligent industrial
operations using advanced data
analytics for transformational
business outcomes and it is the
redefining the landscape for
business and individuals alike
INDUSTRY 1.0
INDUSTRY 2.0
INDUSTRY 3.0
INDUSTRY 4.0
Mechanization,
Steam power,
weaving loom
Mass Production,
Assembly line,
Electricalenergy
Automation,
Computers and
Electronics
Cyber physical
systems,Networks,
Internet of things
1784 1870 1969 TODAY

Industrial IoT - Advantages
Improved accuracy
Product and process optimization
Predictive maintenance and analysis
Higher efficiency
Remote accessibility and monitoring
Enhanced security
Scalability of network
Reduced down time for machines
and process
Power savings

Industrial IoT - Applications
Industrial Automation
Smart Robotics
Predictive Maintenance
Integration of Smart Tools
Smart Logistics Management
Software integration
for product optimization
Smart Package Management
Enhanced Quality and Security
Autonomous vehicles
Power Management

Connected car technology is a vast and an
extensive network of multiple sensors,
antennas, embedded software, and
technologies that assist in communication
to navigate in our complex world.
It has the responsibility of making
decisions with consistency, accuracy, and
speed. It also has to be reliable.
This will become even more critical when
humans give up entirely the control of the
steering wheel and brakes to the
autonomous or automated vehicles that
are being successfully tested on our
highways right now.
IoT - Connected Car

IoT - Connected Car
Bluetooth
WAN
3G/GPRS

IoT - Connected Car
Asset
Tracking
Cargo
Environmental
Fuel Level &
Efficiency
Geo
Location
Vehicle speed
drive and idle time
Engine
Diagnostics

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
The internet of medical things
(IoMT) is playing a substantial role
in improving the health and
providing medical facilities to
people around the globe.
With the exponential growth, IoMT
is having a huge influence in our
everyday life style.
Instead of going to the hospital,
patient clinical related data is
remotely observed and processed in
a real time data system and then is
transferred to the third party for
future use such as the cloud.

COLLECT SHARE LEARN
Reducing Emergency Room Wait Times
 Remote Healthcare and Monitoring
 Enhanced Drug Management
Tracking Staff, Patients and Inventory
Enhanced Chronic Disease Treatment
Sharing And Re-using - Free or Paid

Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
Information
Data
If more Data is created, people can obtain better understanding and wisdom

Block Chain based IoT
Smart Contract secured by Blockchain Distributed Ledger
Digitized Supply Chain enabled by Blockchain based IoT
Secure Data Access
Materials Producer Logistics Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

Smart Agriculture
IoT based Smart Farming improves the
entire Agriculture system by monitoring the
field in real-time. With the help of sensors
and interconnectivity, the Internet of Things
in Agriculture has not only saved the time of
the farmers but has also reduced the
extravagant use of resources such as Water
and Electricity.

Smart Agriculture
Smart Farming is a hi-tech and effective system of doing
agriculture and growing food in a sustainable way. It is an
application of implementing connected devices and
innovative technologies together into agriculture. Smart
Farming majorly depends on IoT thus eliminating the need
of physical work of farmers and growers and thus
increasing the productivity in every possible manner

IoT- Live Stock Management
Livestock IoT includes not only animal and animal climate monitoring and control,
but, in some cases includes field monitoring for optimal feeding practices

IoT- Live Stock Management
Wireless sensors have been used in animal tracking and behavioral analysis

IoT Applications in Education
Smart Boards
Attention to Attendance
Significant Safety
Adjusting Disability
Mobile Applications and Tablets
Interactive gaining of knowledge
Learning at any time anywhere

Smart School Transportation
IoT Benefits:
Increases student engagement
Improved efficiency of teachers
Improved Quality of instructions
Extensive learning
Interactive teaching methods
Capture weakness of students

Smart School Building management

Smart classrooms will have both
digital as well as virtual c well as
virtual classrooms. These will
contain visualizes or document
cameras, interactive whiteboard,
interactive projector, multimedia
pens or stylus, wireless
microphones, speakers, printers,
scanners, and central processing
unit
Smart Classrooms

Smart activity tracking
If this emerging technology is
catching-up the field of education,
the future looks extremely optimistic.
If implemented in the right way,
considerable innovation is possible
because it provides access to real-
time data that helps teachers to
provide valuable information and aid
to students
CLOUD SERVER
Student Safety System
SmartAttendance
Parent
SMS Alert
Smart
Attendance
Absent report
Monthly reports
No cabling
Required
GPRS Technology
RF-ID Card
Preparation
Dear parent
Your ward Praha
Reached School
03.15.2019/ 9.03AM
Dear parent
Your ward Shivani
Absent today
03.15.2019/ 9.03AM

IoT- Environmental Monitoring
1 • Air Quality
2
• Temperature
3
• Humidity
4
• Monitoring of Gasses(CO, NO2)
5
• Wind Speed

Root growth
Respiration
Decomposition
Mineralization

Temperature
Salinity
Turbidity
Certain
pollutants

IoT in Government Applications
National
Defense
City
Planning
and
Control
Emergency
Services
Water
Safety
Job
Careers
Smart
City

Traffic Patrol

Smart Toll Tax

Intelligent Transportation

Smart Rail

Military Vehicles

Sensor Classification Scheme based on Ownership
Personal and Households
Organizations
Private Public
Commercial Sensor
Data Providers
Personal items such as Mobile phone, Wrist
watch, Laptops, Spectacles etc.
House hold items such as Television, Washing
machine, Microwave ovens Camera, etc.
Private organization
has the right to take
the decision weather
to publish the sensor
data to the cloud or
not
Public infrastructure
such as bridges, parks
etc All the sensors
deployed by the
government will be
published in the cloud
based on govt. policies
Business entities who
deploy and manage
sensors themselves by
keeping ownership.
They earn by publishing
sensor and sensor data
through sensor
publishers

Sensors and
Sensor Owners
Sensor
Publishers
Extended Service
Providers
Sensor Data
Consumers
Sensing - as -a -Service Model

Smart Home Scenario
Sensing –as- a -Service Model
RF-IDTagged
Ice-cream
RF-ID Tagged
Cheese
Pocket
Door Sensor
RF-ID Reader
TemperatureSensor
Wireless Access Point
of ConsumerHouse
Ice cream
Manufacturer
Consumer
SensorData Flow
Permission and Access control Flow
Cloud Platform that supports
Sensing as a Service model
New Refrigerator

Efficient Waste Management in Smart Cities
Sensing – as – a – Service Model
City Council
Recycling Plant
Manufacturing Plant
Health &Safety Authorities
Garbage Trucks (as data collectors)
Sensing as a Service model
GarbageCans
with Active sensors
GarbageCans
with Passive sensors
Infrastructurewith access to
energy sourcesand long range
datacommunication

Efficient and Effective Collaborative Research
Sensing-as-a-Service Model
Sensors
Connectivity
and Network
Gateway and
Network
Management
Service
Applications
The Sensing-as-a-Service Model allows
researchers to share resources across
borders and understand phenomenon
which are not available in their own
countries
Sensor data collected through variety of
different and complex sensors and tools
sensor as a service model
Micro Biologist Agriculturalist Bio Scientists Academic InstitutionsAgricultural Scientists
Communication network

Taxonomy of Research in IoT Technologies
Light Sensor
Microphone
Camera
Movement Sensor
Location sensor
Proximity Sensor
Magnetometer
Mobile phone
Sensors
Perception
RF-ID
Infrared Sensors
Chemical /Bio
Sensors
Environment
Sensors
Medical Sensors
Neural Sensors X

Taxonomy of Research in IoT Technologies
Preprocessing
Low power
Technologies
Communication
(Networking)
Service Oriented
Event based
Semantic based
Data base oriented
Application specific
Middleware Applications
Smart Transport
Social life &
Entertainment
Home Automation
Smart Environment
Energy conservation
Smart Agriculture
Health & fitness
Supplychainand
Logistics
Wireless sensor
networks
RF-ID and WSN
Integration
Near Field
Communication
BluetoothLow Energy
Low power Wi-Fi
Zigbee
Internet Protocols
Low power Link Layer
AdaptationLayer
Routing protocols
Applicationprotocols
X

IoT Analytics
Data Analytics is the science (and art!)
of applying statistical techniques to
large data sets to obtain actionable
insights for making smart decisions.
It is the process to uncover hidden
patterns, unknown correlations, trends,
and any other useful business
information.
It is Business Intelligence on steroids.

Why IoT Analytics is important?
● Video analytics for surveillance and
safety
● Sensors and cameras permit linked
activities
● Customer product utilization
analysis
● Wide range of unsolved problems
● Scalable algorithms for innovative
solutions
● Making sense from endless sea of
data from sensors is humanly
impossible

Types of IoT Analytics
● Descriptive analytics
Descriptive analytics is the most basic form of
analytic insight that allows users to describe
and aggregate incoming IoT data.
● Predictive analytics
Predictive analytics seek to model future data
and behaviors by analyzing historical data.
Regression analysis such as linear regression is
an example of predictive analytics.
● Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive analytics are analyses to help
enterprises optimize a future direction to be
taken. Image processing, machine learning, and
natural language processing are some of the
techniques used to complete prescriptive
analytics.

IoT Analytics –Machine Learning
DCS
SCADA
PLC
On line
process Data
Non-instrumented
plant data
MACHINE
LEARNING
RULES
Enterprise asset
management
Notification
&Workflows
Asset health
Reports
Dash Board
Optimize
GENERATE COLLECT ANALYZE ACT VISUALIZE

Four V’s of Big data Analytics

IoT - Analytics Technology/Vendor

IoT Testing
DATA INTEGRITY
TESTING
UAT
USABILITY
TESTING
EXPLORATORY
TESTING
COMPATIBILITY
TESTING
SECURITY
TESTING
PERFORMANCE
TESTING
INTEROPERABILITY
RELIABILITY
TESTING

CONNECTIVITY
Between the things and
the communication
infrastructure
SECURITY
Includingprivacy
autonomyand control
FUNCTIONALITY
Web UI, Embedded and
backendcomputing
PERFORMANCE
Both the network
communication and
internal computation
EXPLORATORY
One day in a life
scenarios, and beyond
functional requirements
and structured testing
COMPATIBILITY
Multiple configuration,
protocolversion, product
version,backward
compatibility,mobile OS
IoT Testing Areas

IoT Remote Attacks
ATTACKS
TAKE
CONTROL
DISRUPT
SERVICES
Controls for smart door locks and
lighting systems can be vulnerable
Malware
infested
Refrigerators
have sent
spam
Door locks
have been
unlocked
remotely
Infotainment
systems offer
multiple ways in to
a car’s electronics
Pacemakers
can be
attacked
remotely
High capacity
Insulin pumps
are vulnerable
Hackedvehicle
control systems can
allow remote
control of brakes
Personal fitness
devices can tell a
hacker where
you are
STEAL
INFORMATION

IoT Liability
Tool Malfunction
Data theft
Cyber assaults
Encryption
Risk
Analysis
Built-in
Protection
Authorization

Wireless Design Considerations
Public vs Private Network
Global vs Campus Coverage
Data Privacy and Ownership
Infrastructure Requirements
Network Longevity
Network Uptime
Hybrid Wireless Architecture
LPWAN and Cellular
LPWAN and Satellite
Integration into Existing Infrastructures
Legacy Control Systems (Operational Technology)
Enterprise IT Systems (Information Technology)
Device and Network Management
Secure Device On- and Off-boarding
Streamline Network Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Simplify Deployment and Management of Downstream Applications
Mitigate Security Risks

Selection of Suitable
Wireless Connectivity
Device
Categorization
Key Distribution
Methodology
Updating & Patching
of Firmware
Processing of Data by
IoT Device
Secure Storage
Capability
Access & Authentication
Mechanism
Embedded Cryptographic
Functions
Power
Management
Bandwidth
Management
Secure Boot
Wireless Design Considerations
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS for EMBEDDED IoT SECURITY
A B C D E F G H I J K

To Conclude !?...
The Internet gave us the opportunity to
connect in ways we never dreamed possible.
The Internet of Things will take us beyond
connection to become part of a living,
moving Global nervous System.
Weather you are an individual, technology
developer, or adopter of these technologies,
the Internet of Things will stretch the
boundaries of today’s systems. cropatron
Are you prepared for the changes in the way
we will learn, work and innovate?

OHM SAI PROJECTRONICS
Engineering Projects
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03
06
05
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Solar/Inverter systems
LCD / LED TV Servicing
Training Courses
Home Theatre Assembly
Lab Equipments Servicing
Web Design
IoT Design & Deployment
194/5, Bharathiyar Road
Karaikal-609605
s.sivaramkrishna@yahoo.com
94433 19462
S.SIVARAMAKRISHNAN
Project Development Engineer

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