what are the impacts of error in computer architecture!!

1. Presented by
Anil Pokhrel
Bsccsit
3 semester
1

2. Introduction to error
 Numerical errors arise from the use of approximations
to represent exact mathematical operations:
TRUE VALUE = APPROXIMATION + ERROR
or,
ERROR (E) = TRUE VALUE ‐ APPROXIMATION
2

3. 3

4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ERROR
4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. Rounding off:
 The error caused due to cut-off a large number
into usable number of figure is called round-off
error.
9

10.  To round off a number to n-significant digits, discard
all digits to the right of the nth digit if this discarded
number is:
 - Exactly half a unit in the nth place, increase the nth
digit by unity if it is odd; otherwise leave it unchanged.
 Examples:
 Following numbers are rounded off to four
significant figures.
1.6583(1.658), 30.0567(30.06), 0.859378(0.8594),
3.14159(3.142)
10

11. Reference
 https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Numerical_Methods/Er
rors_Introduction
 http://www.unistudyguides.com/wiki/Introduction_to
_Numerical_Methods
 Dr.B.S. Grewal -- Numerical Methods with programs
in C and C++
11

12. 12