Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what is meant by International and free trade
- Differentiated between absolute and competitive advantage
- Understand the real-world relevance and limitations of comparative advantage theory
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what business activity involves
- Identify the inputs, outputs and process of the business
- Identify business main functions
- Understand the main sectors of industry
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what business activity involves
- Identify the inputs, outputs and process of the business
- Identify business main functions
- Understand the main sectors of industry
This tutorial includes an example of how to conduct a case analysis, using the case of Logitech, and an overview of some of the more influential international trade theories and ideologies of the past five hundred years. Particular attention is given to Adam Smith's theory of Absolute Advantage and David Ricardo's theory of Comparative Advantage.
This tutorial includes an example of how to conduct a case analysis, using the case of Logitech, and an overview of some of the more influential international trade theories and ideologies of the past five hundred years. Particular attention is given to Adam Smith's theory of Absolute Advantage and David Ricardo's theory of Comparative Advantage.
Group 7
AGUILA, Don George Kinsee M.
DIMACULANGAN, Shella H.
DINGLASAN, Rydg Chrejt V.
MANTUANO, Dannah Francesca B.
OLAN, Elona Mathel B.
PAALA, Kaycee Ericka B.
PROMENTILA, Julie Anne E.
A2D - Macecon
In this presentation, we will discuss about how or what conditions trigger international trade, which are further elaborated through various theories of international trade.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Management 315: International Management, Professor In Hyeock Lee
Loyola University Chicago Spring 2013
This case study analyzes Starbuck's overall performance as a multinational enterprise using the company's revenue data, 4 distances, firm specific advantages, country specific advantages, foreign direct investment, and much more.
PepsiCo in India Case Study Presentation - IIM CalcuttaAnkur Sharma
This Case Study presentation details PepsiCo venture in Indian territory and what was India\'s FDI policies then. Please email me at info@ankursharma.co.in if you require this presentation
Halinka Panzera, CEO, BDC Market Intelligence
Halinka is a serial entrepreneur with a corporate background and has three starts ups to her name. She is a well-known Keynote, business strategist and author. Halinka Panzera is the CEO /founder of a highly successful strategic marketing company which she established in 1999. BDC Market Intelligence has been providing a range of marketing and strategic services to Blue Chip companies. She is a published author and works on developing business innovation models that transform business into world class best practice. She has been invited to New York to assist in Presidents Obama’s think tank on diversity and inclusion policy. She regularly contributes as a corporate speaker and panel member as well as blogs on business innovation.
Halinka Panzera BBus (Mktg), BA (Psych), MBA.
CEO, and Founder
Halinka is the creator of the Super Series,is an author, marketer, researcher, speaker, facilitator, lecturer, mother, wife and creator of THEKEY2 business model.
She is a Serial Entrepreneur, Expert in Business Performance, Innovation and a Diversity & Organisational Strategist, Futurist and Keynote.
The global market for reach stacker is expected to grow from $ 448.6 million in 2021 to $ 543.2 million in 2026. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.9% over the forecast period (2021-2026). Some of the market's key participants are CVS Ferrari, Dalian, Hangcha, Heli, Hyster, Kalmar, Konecranes, Liebherr, Linde Material Handling, SANY, Taylor Machine Works, Terex. This report intends to identify significant growth areas and to explore relevant market strategies. This in-depth analysis delves into the global market for reach stacker. The primary goal of this research is to examine the potential growth areas, significant trends, and the market's impact on the industry. The report also reviews the adoption of reach stacker in both established and emerging markets.
AIA-Los Angeles Chapter Presentation - September 2010terribatch
Presentation to local Los Angeles chapter of American Institute of Architects. Information on pursuing international opportunities and the assistance available from the US Commercial Service.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what 'Inflation' and 'Deflation' means.
- Differentiate between Inflation and deflation internal and external causes
- Understand what 'Consumer Price Index (CPI)' means
- Realise the limitation of the CPI in forecasting the level of inflation
Theory of the Firm (Product, Cost, Revenue, Profit)ShadiAR
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what the Theory of The Firm means
- Explain the firm behavior to minimise cost
- Understand the firm behavior to increase productivity and economics efficiency.
- Explain the firms behavior to maximise profit.
- Understand the concept of Economy of Scale.
Following this presentation you will:
- Recognise the main functions of finance in a firm
- Understand the role of investment in business growth
- Realise the importance of investment appraisal to business
- Identify and understand the different techniques to appraise an investment
- Evaluate the net value of an investment and its impact on the appraisal process
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the concept of quality in business.
- Understand the difference between quality control and quality assurance.
- Understand the concept of total quality management.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand why business hold stocks.
- Recognize the need for optimum stock levels.
- Understand different stock control methods.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the role of production in business.
- Differentiate between the different outputs of the production process.
- Differentiate between the features and applications of the different production methods.
- Understand the nature and value of cost and profit centers in business.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the importance of innovation and research and development for a business.
- Understand the role of importance of intellectual property for a business.
Following this presentation will:
- Understand what motivation is?
- Analyse the intrinsic and extrinsic needs
- Identify different motivational theories and their relevance to business today.
- Differentiate between financial and non financial motivation methods.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the constraint and opportunities presented by labor mobility and demographics.
- Analyse the workforce planning process.
- Identify different methods of recruitment, training, appraisal and dismissal.
- Understand the reasons for work pattern changes and the change consequences.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the merits between small and large organisations.
- Identify the appropriate scale of operation.
- Realise the differences between internal and external growth.
- Understand the concept of economy of scale.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what is meant by ‘Stakeholder' in business.
- Differentiate between business internal and external stakeholders.
- Understand business responsibilities and rights to stakeholders.
- Identify possible conflicts between stakeholders.
- Identify business options to resolve stakeholders conflicts.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the differences between Internal and External sources of finance.
- Distinguish between long, medium and short term sources of finance.
- Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each form.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand what is meant by ‘Effective Communication’.
- Identify different communication media.
- Understand the barriers to communications and how to overcome them.
Following this presentation you will:
- Identify different cultures and understand their influences on organisation culture.
- Realise the effect of corporate culture on the organisation structure and motivations.
- Understand the consequences of cultural clashes within an organisation.
Following this presentation you will:
- Understand the main features of an organisation.
- Identify the main features of the different organisations structures: Tall, Flat and Matrix/Project.
- Understand the importance of setting objectives in managing an organisation.
- Understand the purpose and role of mission and vision statement in managing an organisation.
Following this presentation you will:
- Distinguish between private and public sector organisations.
- Distinguish between different types of profit-based organisation.
- Evaluate the most appropriate form of ownership for a firm.
- Compare and contrast the objectives of non-profit and non-governmental organisations.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
2. Objectives
• Understand International and free trade
• Explain the theory of absolute advantage
• Explain the theory of comparative advantage
• Understand the sources of comparative
advantage
• Discuss the real-world relevance and
limitations of comparative advantage theory
by: Shadi A. Razak 2
3. Structure
• Introduction
• Free Trade
• Absolute Advantage
• Comparative Advantage
• Real Life Limitations
by: Shadi A. Razak 3
4. by: Shadi A. Razak 4
INTRODUCTION
Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Olaus_Magnus_-_On_Trade_Without_Using_Money.jpg/640px-Olaus_Magnus_-_On_Trade_Without_Using_Money.jpg
5. Trade
• Transfer of the ownership of goods or services
from one person or entity to another in
exchange for other goods or services or for
money
by: Shadi A. Razak 5
INTRODUCTION
Source: http://ecodaily.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/02/Carbon_trading_Hero.jpg
6. Trade
• Where it take place?
by: Shadi A. Razak 6
INTRODUCTION
Source: http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-
s/01/2d/01/35/interior-of-market-hall.jpg
Source: http://maps.ucla.edu/photos/locations/large/L83994_201203151334.jpg
7. Trade
• According to the market:
– Domestic (Internal)
– International (External)
by: Shadi A. Razak 7
INTRODUCTION
Source:
http://www.sacramentolifestyle.com/Farmers_Market/Farmers_
Market_1.jpg
Source:
https://thebusinessethicsblog.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/trad
e-ethics.jpeg
8. Domestic vs. International
by: Shadi A. Razak 8
INTRODUCTION
Characteristics Domestic International
Currency Same Different
Demand
Limited due to
population
Grows with world
population
Communication
Same culture and
language
Different cultures and
languages
Mobility of
Production factors
Unrestricted Restricted
9. What is it?
• Trade free from artificial barriers
• Trade flows between countries
• Reflects the impact of:
– Specialisation
– Exchange
by: Shadi A. Razak 9
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
10. Specialisation
• A country specialised in using it’s scarce
resources and production factors efficiently
• Country concentration to produce one or few
goods and services efficiently (at a low cost)
• Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 10
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
11. Exchange
• Some countries are more efficient at producing
certain goods and services than others.
• Countries exchange both types of goods and
services (efficient and none efficient)
• Factors endowment govern the exchange
decisions
by: Shadi A. Razak 11
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
Source: http://europedraughts.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/swiss_flag.jpg
12. Potential advantages
• Increase in production and consumption
• Economies of Scale
• Improve allocative and productive efficiency
• More options to consumers
• Increase market competition
• Access to advance technology
• Inflow of Knowledge
• Reduce possibility of hostility and violence
by: Shadi A. Razak 12
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
13. Economic growth
• Trade can be seen as the engine of economic
growth:
– Source of foreign exchange
– Method of financing the import of capital
equipment or technology and energy
– An injection of demand into the circular flow of
income and spending
– Raise per captia income and improve development
outcomes
by: Shadi A. Razak 13
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
14. Economic growth
• International trade has risks:
– Volatile global prices affecting export revenues and
profits
– Geo-political uncertainty and cyclical shift in
demand
– Raise of structural unemployment as patterns of
demand changes over time in some industries
by: Shadi A. Razak 14
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
16. by: Shadi A. Razak 16
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE
Source: https://www.wto.org/images/img_mews/press721/press721_map1_e.png
Merchandise exports and imports in current US dollars by region, 2013
17. The Theory
• Refer to the ability of one country to produce a
good using fewer resources than another
country.
• Accordingly:
– Country specialise in and export the goods which
have an absolute advantage
– Their will be an increase in production and
consumption in each country
by: Shadi A. Razak 17
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE
19. Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 19
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE
Source: McGraw-Hill/Irwin , International Business, 5/e
20. Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 20
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE
Source: McGraw-Hill/Irwin , International Business, 5/e
C
D
4.0 increase for Ghana
3.5 increase for South Korea
4 increase for South Korea
1 increase for Ghana
14
6
6 14
21. The Theory
• Refer to the a country that has a margin of
superiority in supplying a good in compression
to other countries
• In other words, when the country has a lower
opportunity cost in supplying of a good than
another country.
by: Shadi A. Razak 21
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
22. Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 22
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Source: http://pentagist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/banner-hollywood.jpg Source: http://www.shermanreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/English-
Premier-League.gif
23. Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 23
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Source: McGraw-Hill/Irwin , International Business, 5/e
24. Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 24
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Source: McGraw-Hill/Irwin , International Business, 5/e
25. Factors endowment
• Help countries to determine their trade
pattern:
– Countries with a relative factor abundance can
specialise and trade
– Exports embody the abundant factor
– Imports embody the scarce factor
– Example
by: Shadi A. Razak 25
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
29. Assumptions and limitations
• Immobility of factors of production
• No fixed technology
• Barriers to trade are small
• No externalities
• Ignore transportation of goods
• Apply only during free trade
• Market is perfect competation
by: Shadi A. Razak 29
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
30. Summary
• Explained what is meant by International and
free trade
• Differentiated between absolute and
comparative advantage
• Discuss the real-world relevance and
limitations of comparative advantage theory
by: Shadi A. Razak 30
INTRODUCTION FREE TRADE ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE