International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology vol 2 issue 1

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! Microwave transmission
! Artificial dielectrics
! Microwave amplifiers
! Microwave components and circuits
! Scattering parameters
! Smith chart and its applications
! Transmission lines
! Waveguides
! Planar circuits and passive circuits
! Cad tools in RF/microwave circuit design
! ABCD or ray transfer matrix
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1. Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for ISM Band Applications
Sovana Biswal, Santwana Mohapatra, Subhalaxmi Jena, Manas Ranjan Jena 1
2. Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Exposure System at 900 MHz
With Different Feeding Mechanism
Rahul Dev Mishra, Pramod Kumar Singhal 7
3. Broadbanding of Circular Patch Antenna Using Stub Loaded Stacked Configuration
Deeksha Singh, Dushyant Singh 20
4. Observations on Performance and Challenges of Implantable Antennas in Biotelemetry Application
Pinki Kumari, Raghvendra Singh 26
5. A Simple Method for Estimation of Surface Transfer Impedance of Coaxial Cables as
Per MIL STD 1377 for EMC Qualification
P. Raghunadha Reddy, K. Chandra Bhushana Rao, P. Siva Kumar 31
6. Design A Kaiser Window-Based Digital Filter by Using GRNN
Anil Mourya 39
Contents

IJMET (2015) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2015. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology
ISSN: 2455-0337 (online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array
Antenna for ISM Band Applications
Sovana Biswal*
, Santwana Mohapatra, Subhalaxmi Jena, Manas Ranjan Jena
Department of ETC, SIET, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India
Abstract
In this paper, we have achieved an efficient rectangular patch antenna with optimized
parameters. Antennas are key components of any wireless system. A microstrip patch antenna
(MPA) is a small size antenna used to process ultrahigh frequency signals. A microstrip
antenna is commonly called as patch antenna and here we are using rectangular patch. The
conducting patch can take any shape, but rectangular configurations are the most commonly
used. The size of the microstrip antenna is inversely proportional to its frequency that means
the larger the antenna, the lower the frequency it is able to detect. In designing the microstrip
patch antenna many parameters are important like length, width, height of the patch. Main
purpose of this paper is to design and analyze the various parameters of the rectangular
microstrip patch antenna. MATLAB is the basic tool for design and analysis purpose.
Keywords: MPA, directivity, gain, efficiency, return loss, VSWR, MATLAB
INTRODUCTION
A microstrip antenna is also called a patch
antenna. It is a type of radio antenna with a
low profile which can be mounted on a flat
surface. The Microstrip Patch Antenna is a
single-layer design which consists
generally of four parts: patch, ground
plane, substrate, and the feeding part.
Patch antennas are simple to fabricate and
easy to modify and customize.[1–6]
A patch
is a two dimensional antenna element,
which is often rectangular in shape. It is of
a very thin thickness (t) of metallic strip on
top of a material known as the substrate
with thickness h.
Patch antennas are the original type of
microstrip antenna described by Howell in
1972. The rectangular patch antenna is
roughly about a one-half wavelength long
section of rectangular microstrip
transmission line. Air being the antenna
substrate, the length of the rectangular
microstrip antenna is nearly one-half of a
free-space wavelength. The loaded antenna
with a dielectric as its substrate, the length
of the antenna declines as the relative
dielectric constant of the substrate
increases.[7]
A patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-
beam antenna fabricated by etching the
antenna element pattern in metal trace
bonded to an insulating dielectric
substrate, such as a printed circuit board
with a continuous metal layer bonded to
the opposite side of the substrate which
forms a ground plane.[5]
ANTENNA DESIGN SPECIFICATION
The proposed antenna is designed by using
following specifications (Figure 1).
 The dielectric constant(ε) = 4.9
 the substrate thickness (in mm) (h) =
1.6

ISSN: 2455-0337(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for
Exposure System at 900 MHz With Different Feeding Mechanism
Rahul Dev Mishra*
, Pramod Kumar Singhal
Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science,
Gwalior, India
Abstract
Microstrip antennas widely used in defence applications, in aircrafts and in applications
where narrow bandwidth is required. In this work an antenna is designed with 3 different
feeding mechanisms. The feeding mechanism is used to provide the path for the flow of
current from the source. The three different feeds are Line feed, Quarter wave transformer
feed and Inset feed. The rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed at 900 MHz and
these 3 types of feeding mechanism is used in same patch and the effect on reflection
coefficient, gain, directivity, electric field and magnetic field is observed. The comparison
between all parameter is made and the conclusion is derived. This antenna is designed for
mounting in the exposure system. Exposure system can be a chamber of plexiglass, wood, in
which animals like rats can be placed for certain duration for example one month & two
month for observing the effects of radiations on these animals. Hence in this paper same
patch is designed using different feeding techniques for best possible results.
Keywords: computer simulation technology, exposure system, fr4 substrate, directivity, gain,
perfect electric conductor, quarter wave transformer
INTRODUCTION
In this modern world we are engulfed with
the antennas and the antenna is a radiating
device and the radiation produced by
antenna is useful as well as harmful [1, 2]
.
For observing the harmful effects of
microstrip antennas [3, 4]
the exposure
system is designed. Exposure system [5, 6]
can be of different type and the system
consist horn antenna and microstrip
antenna. So in this work 900 MHz antenna
is designed for exposure system with
different feeding mechanisms. The
description of the feeding mechanisms is
given below:
1. Line Feed: It [7]
is a mechanism in
which a microstrip line is connected
with the patch for the flow of the
current. This is shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Microstrip Line Feed.
2. Quarter Wave Transformer Feed: In
this technique a microstrip line of
length
𝜆
4
is placed between a 50 sΩ line
and the patch. The impedance of the
quarter-wave transformer [8]
is given
by the Equation 1.
Z1 = 𝑅𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑍0 Eq. (1)

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Broadbanding of Circular Patch Antenna Using Stub Loaded
Stacked Configuration
Deeksha Singh*
, Dushyant Singh
Department Of Electronics Communication Engineering,
RBSETC, Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
This paper proposes a stub loaded stacked configuration of a circular patch antenna using
FR-4 material as a substrate with dielectric constant of 4.2 for resonant frequency of 2 GHz.
This configuration is a hybrid of two broadbanding technique, the stub loading technique and
stacking technique. The radius of the patch is calculated to be 18.88 mm and the air gap is
1 mm between the lower and upper layer. A percentage bandwidth of 2.85 is obtained.
Keywords: broad banding, stub loaded, stacked
INTRODUCTION
It is a very recent development in human
history that the electromagnetic spectrum,
outside the visible region, has been
employed for communication, through the
use of radio networks. In addition,
nowadays in mobile communication
applications, the small size of antenna is
required in order to meet the
miniaturization requirements of mobile
units. Thus, size reduction and bandwidth
enhancement are becoming major design
considerations for practical applications of
micro strip antenna.[1-5]
The concept of micro strip antenna was
first introduced by Descamp in 1953.
Howell and Munson first developed such
practical antennas in 1970’s. Conventional
micro strip antenna consists of a single
thin conducting material on a dielectric
substrate above a ground plane.[6-8]
The patch conductor is normally made of
copper or gold and achieve any type of
shape, but geometrical shapes are
generally used. In various wireless
applications,[9]
micro strip antennas have
been used to make the design more
compact, reliable and light weight in
nature
ANTENNA DESIGN AND
STRUCTURE
An MSA in its simplest form consists of a
radiating patch on one side of a dielectric
substrate and a ground plane on the other
side. The top and side views of a Circular
MSA (CMSA) are shown in Figure 1
Fig. 1. Circular Patch Microstrip
Antenna.

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Observations on Performance and Challenges of Implantable
Antennas in Biotelemetry Application
Pinki Kumari*, Raghvendra Singh
Department of Electronics and Communication, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Abstract
People are moving in a very fast developing environment to achieve new technology for
medical purpose. Latest development in the field of implantable medical device gives hope in
the field of biotelemetry hence Implantable antennas are in great demand. In this paper, the
main focus is on the performance of Implantable antenna and the challenges as
miniaturization, patient safety, compatibility and many more. The return loss and the
radiation pattern are also observed at 868 MHz. Single and multilayer tissue model is also
seen.
Keywords: IMDs, medical implant communication system, phantom, specific absorption rate
INTRODUCTION
In this modern generation, a great research
interest is in the field of wireless implant[1]
for medical & healthcare purpose.
Antennas are becoming important in the
field of biotelemetry. Recent years, things
are becoming easy to be researched and to
be implemented as in biomedical telemetry
researchers are mostly interested in
implantable medical devices (IMDs).[2,3]
These devices mainly deal with the
measurement of temperature, blood
pressure and continuous monitoring of
cardiac beat when the particular person is
in the medical ward or the intensive care
unit (ICU).[4]
This is also helpful to
indicate the body information such as
Allergies. Many other applications are also
there of IMDs such as finding lost pets, to
control farm animals for safety, etc. The
data record of body can be obtained on the
computer system when linked to it.
Antenna of an implanted device plays an
important role in transmitting and
receiving power in the human body.
Implantable device systems came into light
in the year 1990s[5]
and at that time it was
suggested for future telecommunication.
OBJECTIVE
The main objective is the implanted
antenna size,[6-10]
low power requirements
and biocompatibility with the body.
Antenna which is placed inside the tissue
is so designed keeping in mind the
electrical properties of the tissue.
Till now, micro strip or planer inverted F
antennas (PIFA) was proposed for
implantable devices in the frequency band
at 402–405 MHz. Low frequency
inductive links have long been the most
frequent method of Biotelemetry for
IMDs. But, this is having low data rates
(1–30 kbps) & restricted range of
communication (<10 cm).[2]
To overcome
these limitations, research is currently
heading towards Radio Frequency (RF)
linked IMDs. RF linked IMDs are already
in use for many application such as
temperature, monitoring, pacemakers,

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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A Simple Method for Estimation of Surface Transfer Impedance
of Coaxial Cables as Per MIL STD 1377 for EMC Qualification
P. Raghunadha Reddy1
*, K. Chandra Bhushana Rao1
, P. Siva Kumar2
1
Systems and Signal Processing, Department of ECE, JNTUK-UCEV, Vizianagaram, AP, India
2
SAMEER – E3, Visakhapatnam, AP, India
Abstract
In recent years, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems associated with high
frequency and high speed inter connects are becoming of increasing concern. Coaxial cables
are a popular form of inter connect between intra- and intersystems and subsystems. Transfer
impedance is a measure for assessing the shielding effectiveness of outer shield of a coaxial
cable. In this paper, we proposed an easy and inexpensive method for estimating the surface
transfer impedance (STI) of a coaxial cable and thus qualifying the sample for EMC to use in
various applications. DIY RF Current probe is designed & validated in the test frequency
range for carrying out STI measurements. Typical test setups for validation of current probes
and estimation of STI are developed. In this paper, a frequency-domain measurement method
using DIY current probe is proposed. This method is inexpensive and can be set up very
quickly without any complex cable sample preparation.
Keywords: common mode current, electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic
interference, RF current probe, surface transfer impedance
INTRODUCTION
Transfer Impedance measurement is the
best method to estimate the shielding
effectiveness of co-axial cables and
connectors. It characterizes the shielding
properties independently of the external
conditions.[1–9]
This paper describes about
measurement procedure to carry out
transfer impedance by using the
instruments RF signal generator, Spectrum
Analyser and RF Current probe.
The first section, explains about the theory
of coupling between primary to secondary,
similar to transformer coupling principle.
The theory is applied for the design of a
toroid to pick up the magnetic field
flowing around the current carrying
conductor.
The second section, briefs about design of
Do-It-Yourself Radio Frequency Clamp on
Current Probe for estimating the current
flow inside the conductor. A measurement
test setup is prepared for validation of the
designed current probes. The coupling
voltages are measured and the
performance is compared with the
commercially available RF current probe.
The third section, explains about use of
DIY probe for estimation of transfer
impedance of the cable sample. A typical
test setup for measurement of Surface
Transfer Impedance (STI) is prepared to
transfer impedance as per MIL STD 1377.
DESIGN OF RF CURRENT PROBE
The concept of transfer impedance is a
means for measuring the shielding

Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Design A Kaiser Window-Based Digital Filter by Using GRNN
Anil Mourya*
Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute Technology and Science Gwalior, India
Abstract
In this paper, we have designed the digital filter based on Kaiser Window function using
ANN. Firstly we have designed the 10th order digital filter based on Kaiser Window function
then calculate the coefficient of designed filter. Similarly this process is repeated for the 15th
and 20th order. We have normalized the frequency and designed filter at frequency ranges
0.05 to 0.95 Hz. Then we calculated the coefficients of filter at these different frequencies.
Some data group of coefficients is used to train the neural network, designed using
generalized regression algorithm and rest data are used to test the input to neural network.
The output corresponding to test input is approximate equal to frequency corresponding to
calculated coefficients using FDA tool. The optimization of the neural model has been done
using generalized regression algorithm.
Keywords: ANN, GRNN, LR, MLPFFBP, FDA TOOL
INTRODUCTION
A filter is essentially a system or network
that selectively changes the wave shape
amplitude - frequency and or phase -
frequency characteristics of a signal in a
desired manner. Common filtering
objectives are to improve the quality of a
signal, to extract information from signals
or to separate two or more signals. A
digital filter is a mathematical algorithm
implementation in hardware and/or
software that operates on a digital input
signal to produce a digital output signal for
the purpose of achieving a filtering
objective. A simplified block diagram of a
real-time digital filter, with analog input
and output signal is as shown in Figure
1.[1–5]

International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology vol 2 issue 1

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