Interlanguage is influenced by four main aspects: social, discourse, psycholinguistic, and linguistic. The social aspect examines how social factors like acculturation and identity influence language development. The discourse aspect analyzes how learners acquire discourse rules and the role of input, interaction, and output. Psycholinguistically, interlanguage is shaped by first language transfer, consciousness, processing, and communication strategies. Linguistically, aspects like universals, grammar, learnability, and markedness contribute to a learner's developing system. Interlanguage represents a learner's evolving language system that retains first language features but progresses toward the target language over time through exposure and practice.

1. INTERLANGUAGE
Presented by A. Najib Tuanany

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THEORY OF INTERLANGUAGE
1. BEHAVIOURIST THEORY
2. MENTALIST THEORY

3. 3
BEHAVIOURIST THEORY
LEARNERS IMITATED MODELS OF CORRECT
LANGUAGE (STIMULUS-RESPONSE CONNECTION)
Input
Process
Output

4. 4
MENTALIST THEORY
» NURTURE NATURE
» In the 1960s and 1970s a mentalist theory of first
language (L1) acquisition emerged. According to this
theory:
» Only human beings are capable of learning language
» The human mind is equipped with a faculty for learning
language, referred to as a Language Acquisition Device.
» This faculty is the primary determinant of language
acquisition.

5. WHAT IS INTERLANGUAGE ?
A Computational model of L2 acquisition
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Input – Intake – L2 Knowledge - Output

6. INTERLANGUAGE ASPECTS
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There are 4 aspects in
interlanguage, such as:
1. Social aspect
2. Discourse aspect
3. Psycholinguistic aspect
4. Linguistic aspect

7. SOCIAL ASPECT OF INTERLANGUAGE
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» Stylistic continuum (Alsine Tarone)
» Attractive in a number of ways
Accommodation theory (Howard
Giles)
Social factors influence interlanguage
development via the impact, they have on
the attitudes that determine the kinds of
language use learners engage in.
Acculturation model (John Sehumann)
Social factors determine the amount of contact
with the L2 individual learners experience and
there by hoe successful they are learning.

8. Social identity and
investment in L2 learning
(Bonny Pierce)
L2 acquisition involves a
‘struggle’ and ‘investment’.
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9. DISCOURSE ASPECTS OF
INTERLANGUAGE
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a. Acquiring discourse rules
b. The role of input and interaction in L2 acquisition
1. Ungrammatical foreigner talk
2. Grammatical foreigner talk
3. Negotiation of meaning

10. Cont…
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Type of talk Example
Baseline talk “You won’t forget to buy the ice
cream on your way home, will
you?”
Ungrammatical
foreigner talk
“No forget buying ice-cream,
eh?”
Grammatical foreigner
talk
“The ice cream-You will not
forget to buy it on your way
home-Get it when you are
coming home. All right?”

11. Cont….
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c. The role of output in L2 acquisition
1. Output can serve a consciousness-
raising by helping learners to notice
gaps in their interlanguages.
2. Output helps learners to test
hypothesis.
3. Learners sometimes talk about
their own output, identifying
problems with it and discussing
ways in which they can be put right.
(Swain, M)

12. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT OF
INTERLANGUAGE
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1. L1 Transfer
- Positive transfer
- Negative transfer
2. The role of consciousness in L2 acquisition
3. Processing operations
4. Communication strategies
5. Two types of communication models
- First type involves the idea of serial processing where the
information is processed in a series of sequential steps and results in
the representation of what has been learned as some kind of strategy
or rule.
- The second type involves the idea of parallel distributed processing.

13. LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF
INTERLANGUAGE
f
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Typological universals;
relative clauses
Example :
The police have caught the
man who boomed the hotel
The man who boomed the
hotel has been caught by the
police
Universal grammar
Example :
The actress blamed herself
Emily knew the actress would
blame herself

14. Cont…
Learnability
Example :
Sam kicked fiereely his toy car
Markedness
Example :
/t/ and /d/
Tin/din
Betting/bedding
Wet/wed
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The critical period hypothesis

15. CONCLUSION
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Interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of
a second language (or L2) which preserves some features of their first
language (or L1).
There are 4 aspects in interlanguage, Social aspect ; Stylistic continuum
(Alsine Tarone) , Accommodation theory (Howard Giles), Acculturation
model (John Sehumann), Social identity and investment in L2 learning
(Bonny Pierce). Discourse aspect ; Acquiring discourse rule, The role of
input and interaction in L2 acquisition, The role of output in L2 acquisition.
Psycholinguistic aspect ; L1 Transfer consist of Positive transfer and
Negative transfer,The role of consciousness in L2 acquisition, Processing
operations, Communication strategies,Two types of communication models.
Linguistic aspect of interlanguage; typological universal (relative clauses),
universal grammar, learnability, the critical period hypotesis,Markedness.

16. THANKS!
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