The motors and drives have wide applications from servos to traction and it is mainly used in automation industry, CNC machines and robots. The application of interfacing and commissioning of motor and drive to the tandem test jig helps to achieve improved reliability and cost effectiveness. This paper mainly describes how motors and drive system is interfaced to tandem test jig.BG605 motor grader vehicle is used for grading operation and bank cutting operation of roads. Tandem is a part of BG605 Motor grader equipment and it is used for transmission of power in the equipment. Testing of the tandem before assembling on to the vehicle is very much essential.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A variable speed drive can save 20% to 50% depending on the operating cycle and average flow. Applying variable speed drives to ventilation systems creates 20% to 70% in energy savings!
A PROJECT REPORT SIM & SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTIO DRIVEPawan Kumar
The document discusses speed control methods for three-phase induction motors. It analyzes the transients during starting of an induction motor with different machine parameters. It then examines various speed control methods including variable rotor resistance, variable stator voltage, and constant V/f control. Simulation results are presented to show the torque-speed characteristics for each method. Vector control is also introduced, which allows independent control of torque and flux.
This paper presents a control scheme for speed control system in brushless dc (BLDC) motor to be utilized for electric motorbike. While conventional motorbikes require engine and fuel, electric motorbikes require DC motor and battery pack in order to be powered up. The limitation with battery pack is that it will need to be recharged after a certain period and distance. As the recharging process is time consuming, a PID controller is designed to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum state, thus ensuring a longer lasting battery time (until the next charge). The controller is designed to track variations of speed references and stabilizes the output speed accordingly. The simulation results conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK® shows that the motor, equipped with the PID controller was able to track the reference speed in 7.8x10-2 milliseconds with no overshoot. The result shows optimistic possibility that the proposed controller can be used to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum speed.
IRJET- Review on Micro Air Consumption Engine Vehicle with Energy MultiplierIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on developing a micro air consumption engine vehicle with an energy multiplier. The system aims to utilize exceptionally small amounts of compressed air (3cc per stroke) from an air tank to drive a piston in a cylinder. This motion is converted to rotary by a rack and pinion system and transferred to a flywheel energy multiplier. Together, the low air consumption engine and flywheel are intended to provide improved mileage from compressed air compared to conventional high air consumption systems. The review covers the design, components, calculations, advantages and applications of combining a micro air engine with an energy multiplier flywheel system to displace a vehicle.
IRJET- Efficient BLDC Motor for Mixer and GrinderIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing the universal motor currently used in residential mixers and grinders with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor to improve energy efficiency. Some key points:
- BLDC motors are more efficient than universal motors due to electronic commutation and lack of brushes. They allow for easier speed control and produce less heat.
- A BLDC motor was designed for a mixer/grinder with specifications like 60W power, 24V voltage, 3000 rpm speed. Speed can be varied using a potentiometer.
- Tests show the universal motor in mixers has low efficiency around 50% due to high no-load power loss. Replacing it with a BLDC motor
IRJET- Experimental Study of Renewable Sources for Lighting and Irrigation fo...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study of renewable energy sources for lighting and irrigation in a forest village in India without grid power. The study examines using solar energy as the main source and human or animal power as backup. A system was designed using a speed increaser to convert human or animal torque into rotations to power a generator or water pump. Experimental results showed the system reliably provided power for lighting and irrigation when solar power was unavailable, using animal or human power instead. The system was low-cost, required little maintenance, and could be operated by anyone with or without skills.
IRJET- Efficiency Improvement in Electrical Utility: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses various methods for improving the efficiency of electrical utilities, specifically in thermal power plants. It describes conventional methods like improving mechanical protection, reducing stator and rotor losses, and minimizing core losses. Modern methods discussed include using variable frequency drives to control motor speed, which can save up to 45% of energy consumption. Other methods are impeller trimming to match operating points and reduce motor loading, and de-staging impellers in multi-stage pumps when pressure requirements decrease to lower energy usage. Adopting these modern efficiency improvement methods, especially variable frequency drives and redesigning mechanical parameters, can help reduce motor loads and improve overall plant efficiency.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A variable speed drive can save 20% to 50% depending on the operating cycle and average flow. Applying variable speed drives to ventilation systems creates 20% to 70% in energy savings!
A PROJECT REPORT SIM & SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTIO DRIVEPawan Kumar
The document discusses speed control methods for three-phase induction motors. It analyzes the transients during starting of an induction motor with different machine parameters. It then examines various speed control methods including variable rotor resistance, variable stator voltage, and constant V/f control. Simulation results are presented to show the torque-speed characteristics for each method. Vector control is also introduced, which allows independent control of torque and flux.
This paper presents a control scheme for speed control system in brushless dc (BLDC) motor to be utilized for electric motorbike. While conventional motorbikes require engine and fuel, electric motorbikes require DC motor and battery pack in order to be powered up. The limitation with battery pack is that it will need to be recharged after a certain period and distance. As the recharging process is time consuming, a PID controller is designed to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum state, thus ensuring a longer lasting battery time (until the next charge). The controller is designed to track variations of speed references and stabilizes the output speed accordingly. The simulation results conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK® shows that the motor, equipped with the PID controller was able to track the reference speed in 7.8x10-2 milliseconds with no overshoot. The result shows optimistic possibility that the proposed controller can be used to maintain the speed of the motor at its optimum speed.
IRJET- Review on Micro Air Consumption Engine Vehicle with Energy MultiplierIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on developing a micro air consumption engine vehicle with an energy multiplier. The system aims to utilize exceptionally small amounts of compressed air (3cc per stroke) from an air tank to drive a piston in a cylinder. This motion is converted to rotary by a rack and pinion system and transferred to a flywheel energy multiplier. Together, the low air consumption engine and flywheel are intended to provide improved mileage from compressed air compared to conventional high air consumption systems. The review covers the design, components, calculations, advantages and applications of combining a micro air engine with an energy multiplier flywheel system to displace a vehicle.
IRJET- Efficient BLDC Motor for Mixer and GrinderIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing the universal motor currently used in residential mixers and grinders with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor to improve energy efficiency. Some key points:
- BLDC motors are more efficient than universal motors due to electronic commutation and lack of brushes. They allow for easier speed control and produce less heat.
- A BLDC motor was designed for a mixer/grinder with specifications like 60W power, 24V voltage, 3000 rpm speed. Speed can be varied using a potentiometer.
- Tests show the universal motor in mixers has low efficiency around 50% due to high no-load power loss. Replacing it with a BLDC motor
IRJET- Experimental Study of Renewable Sources for Lighting and Irrigation fo...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study of renewable energy sources for lighting and irrigation in a forest village in India without grid power. The study examines using solar energy as the main source and human or animal power as backup. A system was designed using a speed increaser to convert human or animal torque into rotations to power a generator or water pump. Experimental results showed the system reliably provided power for lighting and irrigation when solar power was unavailable, using animal or human power instead. The system was low-cost, required little maintenance, and could be operated by anyone with or without skills.
IRJET- Efficiency Improvement in Electrical Utility: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses various methods for improving the efficiency of electrical utilities, specifically in thermal power plants. It describes conventional methods like improving mechanical protection, reducing stator and rotor losses, and minimizing core losses. Modern methods discussed include using variable frequency drives to control motor speed, which can save up to 45% of energy consumption. Other methods are impeller trimming to match operating points and reduce motor loading, and de-staging impellers in multi-stage pumps when pressure requirements decrease to lower energy usage. Adopting these modern efficiency improvement methods, especially variable frequency drives and redesigning mechanical parameters, can help reduce motor loads and improve overall plant efficiency.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
This document presents a simulation of speed control for a three-phase induction motor using open-loop and closed-loop V/F control methods. In the open-loop method, a PWM inverter drives the motor and the torque is observed to remain constant with varying rotor speed. In the closed-loop method, a PI controller provides feedback to vary the supply frequency to maintain a constant V/F ratio. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show that closed-loop control provides superior speed regulation compared to the open-loop method.
This document discusses active magnetic bearings (AMBs). It provides background on AMBs, explaining that they support rotating machinery without physical contact using electromagnetic forces controlled by sensors and electronics. The document then describes the basic components and working principles of AMB systems, including electromagnets, position sensors, and control systems that use feedback to maintain the rotor's position. It explains that AMBs offer benefits over traditional bearings like reduced friction, vibration, and maintenance needs. However, it notes that AMB systems are more complex and expensive to implement initially.
Modeling and Simulation of Three Phase Induction Machine Using Written Pole T...IOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper in which stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same stator core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. In this study, it is suggested to operate the machine with flat efficiency characteristics, irrespective of shaft load. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt high frequency ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor. The aim of this paper is to analyze and simulate performance of a 1Hp three phase induction motor using written pole technology using the well known Park’s transformation. A three phase squirrel cage machine is reconfigured and modeled into a two three phase stator winding accommodate in same stator core of the same volume as the three phase machine. Different tests are carried out on the novel machine to determine machine parameters. Simulation results, that predicts the dynamic performance of the machine using ANSYS, at start up are presented and discussed.
Gesture control wheel chair cum stretcherIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a gesture-controlled wheelchair and stretcher system. The system uses accelerometers and microcontrollers to detect hand gestures and control electric motors that move the wheelchair in directions like left, right, forward, and brake. It can also convert the wheelchair into a stretcher by adjusting the seat height with actuators. The goal is to create a hands-free mobility aid for disabled users to control through natural hand motions. The paper describes the technical components, communication system, and hardware implementation to read gestures and translate them into wheelchair commands. The results demonstrate the ability to accurately control wheelchair direction and conversion through different hand position inputs.
The document discusses reliability centered maintenance of an electric motor powering a water pump station. It provides information on the motor components and common failure modes. Bearings experience over 40% of failures mostly due to improper lubrication. Statos and rotors also commonly fail due to overheating, corrosion, or contamination. The document analyzes the risks of each component using an RPN analysis. It recommends monitoring components using vibration analysis and infrared thermography to detect issues early and lower maintenance costs. Implementing preventative maintenance and inspections was expected to reduce the total risk by 60%.
Implementation of pi, fuzzy & ann controllers to improve dynamic response...eSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, vector controlled induction motor drives with variable speed applications are widely used in order to achieve good dynamic performance and wide speed control. In this paper a new method of controlling technique based on Artificial Neural Network is proposed to improve the speed control of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Indirect vector controlled induction motor with conventional PI controller is developed and is replaced with Fuzzy logic controller to overcome the problem of overshoot occurred in conventional PI controller. To obtain quick steady state response and better speed control, ANN technique is proposed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper the speed, torque and stator voltage responses with conventional PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and proposed artificial neural network based controller are compared and found that the proposed ANN based controller showed increased dynamic performance. Keywords: ANN, FLC, PI controller, IVCIM
Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor using Delstar Conve...IJECEIAES
DELSTAR converter is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR – DELTA starter for machine tools. Induction motor consumes more power while it is operated at DELTA mode for a long time under no load condition. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated problem. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of full load, it switches the motor to operate in STAR mode to save energy. When the load increases beyond 40%, it automatically switches the motor to operate in DELTA mode. The starting regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where load changes are not more than 120 times/hour. This can be used with any capacity motor by choosing appropriate current transformers and setting the current level using the potentiometer built in. The proposed converter is designed for 5HP induction motor and experimentally tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IRJET- Automated Machine Design through Software Controller SupportIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated machine design that uses a software controller to support a continuous cyclic mechanism for energy generation. It involves using components like a ball nut screw, gear shafts, coils of wire, and an Arduino controller to convert mechanical motion from a house jack into rotational motion that drives the coils to generate electricity, and then uses the generated electricity to power the jack in a self-sustaining cycle. The goal is to create a machine that can generate power continuously without relying on external energy sources like fossil fuels.
This document summarizes a handbook on selecting energy-efficient electric motors. It was created to help industry identify opportunities to save costs by using high-efficiency motors. The handbook covers factors to consider when purchasing motors, such as efficiency, economics, and performance. It also provides guidance on launching motor improvement programs to realize energy and cost savings. The overall goal is to educate industry on replacing standard motors with energy-efficient options where cost-effective.
IRJET- Speed Control of Three Phase Motor using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of a three phase induction motor using a fuzzy logic controller. It proposes implementing a fuzzy logic controller based speed control system in MATLAB Simulink. The controller aims to reduce errors between the rotor speed and reference speed as quickly as possible. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller improves the dynamic performance of the induction motor compared to a conventional PI controller. The motor is also able to better withstand load disturbances with less effect on stability. The fuzzy logic control scheme does not require a complex mathematical model of the motor.
Neuro-Genetic Adaptive Optimal Controller for DC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
Conventional speed controllers of DC motors suffer from being not adaptive; this is because of the nonlinearity in the motor model due to saturation. Structure of DC motor speed controller should vary according to its operating conditions, so that the transient performance is acceptable. In this paper an adaptive and optimal Neuro-Genetic controller is used to control a DC motor speed. GA will be used first to obtain the optimal controller parameter for each load torque and motor reference speed. The data obtained from GA is used to train a neural network; the inputs for the neural network are the load torque and the motor reference speed and the outputs are the controller parameters. This neural network is used on line to adapt the controller parameters according to operating conditions. This controller is tested with a sudden change in the operating conditions and could adapt itself for the conditions and gave an optimal transient performance.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
Stablitiy, classification and selection of motorWaqas Afzal
DC motors can operate in either steady state or transient state stability. They are classified based on duty including continuous, short time, intermittent periodic, and continuous with intermittent loads. Thermal models are used to understand motor heating and cooling. Motors are selected based on requirements like economical operation, dependability, efficiency, and adaptation to load cycles. Specifications include output power, voltage, winding type, excitation voltage, speed, current, frame size, and rating.
This document provides guidance on sizing and protecting dynamic braking resistors for AC drives. It discusses calculating the resistance, wattage, and protection scheme needed. For resistance, the minimum allowable for the drive must be met. Wattage is based on application details like machine type and stopping frequency. Protection can be via a manual motor protector sized based on peak current and a trip time to safeguard the resistor. The drive software can also limit full power braking time and periodic use to prevent overuse. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate the process.
This document summarizes international standards for the energy efficiency of low voltage AC motors. It introduces the International Efficiency (IE) classification system developed by IEC, which has 4 classes (IE1-IE4) with IE4 being the most efficient. The minimum efficiency requirements for 50Hz motors ranging from 0.12kW to 1000kW are provided for each IE class and pole configuration. European Union regulations requiring minimum IE2 or IE3 classes for new motors from 2011-2017 are also summarized. A comparison notes IE testing directly measures stray load loss while EFF assumes it is 0.5% of power, which may overestimate efficiency of lower power motors.
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
This document discusses induction motor faults. It begins by describing the construction of induction motors, including the stator, rotor, and other parts. It then discusses various types of faults that can occur, including broken rotor bars, rotor mass unbalance, stator faults, single phasing, crawling, and bearing faults. The causes and effects of some key faults are described in more detail, such as broken rotor bars which can be caused by manufacturing defects or thermal/mechanical stresses and produce sideband frequencies in the stator current signature. Rotor mass unbalance is also discussed as causing air-gap eccentricity.
IRJET - Performance Comparison of a Small Size Rotor with Self Induced Instab...IRJET Journal
This document presents a performance comparison of stabilizing a small size rotor experiencing self-induced instability using sliding mode control and fractional-order control. It first introduces the challenges of stabilizing small rotors due to their size, then describes a proposed smart structure with embedded sensors, controllers, and piezoelectric actuators. It analyzes the rotor instability, derives equations of motion, and calculates the critical threshold speed. Finally, it proposes using fractional-order PID control and modulating the internal damping parameter to stabilize the rotor, as this approach allows shifting the critical speed beyond the operating speed more practically than alternative control methods.
Matlab simulation on chopper based speed control of dc motor: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on MATLAB simulation of chopper-based speed control of a DC motor. It describes how the speed of a DC motor below rated speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage using a chopper converter in a closed-loop control system with a PI controller. The review covers DC chopper circuits, separately excited DC motors, modeling a DC motor drive system in MATLAB Simulink with a PI speed controller, and conclusions on simulating speed control of a DC motor using a chopper.
This document outlines the course contents for the subject "Commissioning of Electrical Equipments" in the 8th semester of the Electrical Engineering program at Gujarat Technological University. It details the various testing and commissioning procedures for major electrical equipment including transformers, induction motors, substation equipment, circuit breakers, DC machines, synchronous machines, and transmission lines and cables. The term work will involve applying the concepts from the syllabus and reference books are provided for further study.
digital testing of high voltage circuit breakerRenuka Verma
The document discusses digital testing of high voltage circuit breakers. Digital testing involves developing a software model of a circuit breaker using measurements from standard laboratory tests. This allows evaluation of circuit breakers' performance in different scenarios without full-scale testing. Some advantages are reducing testing costs and time, estimating interrupting limits, and accelerating circuit breaker design development. Applications include analyzing the influence of parallel capacitance and current line length. Digital testing provides precise information about circuit breakers' performance.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
This document presents a simulation of speed control for a three-phase induction motor using open-loop and closed-loop V/F control methods. In the open-loop method, a PWM inverter drives the motor and the torque is observed to remain constant with varying rotor speed. In the closed-loop method, a PI controller provides feedback to vary the supply frequency to maintain a constant V/F ratio. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show that closed-loop control provides superior speed regulation compared to the open-loop method.
This document discusses active magnetic bearings (AMBs). It provides background on AMBs, explaining that they support rotating machinery without physical contact using electromagnetic forces controlled by sensors and electronics. The document then describes the basic components and working principles of AMB systems, including electromagnets, position sensors, and control systems that use feedback to maintain the rotor's position. It explains that AMBs offer benefits over traditional bearings like reduced friction, vibration, and maintenance needs. However, it notes that AMB systems are more complex and expensive to implement initially.
Modeling and Simulation of Three Phase Induction Machine Using Written Pole T...IOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper in which stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same stator core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. In this study, it is suggested to operate the machine with flat efficiency characteristics, irrespective of shaft load. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt high frequency ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor. The aim of this paper is to analyze and simulate performance of a 1Hp three phase induction motor using written pole technology using the well known Park’s transformation. A three phase squirrel cage machine is reconfigured and modeled into a two three phase stator winding accommodate in same stator core of the same volume as the three phase machine. Different tests are carried out on the novel machine to determine machine parameters. Simulation results, that predicts the dynamic performance of the machine using ANSYS, at start up are presented and discussed.
Gesture control wheel chair cum stretcherIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a gesture-controlled wheelchair and stretcher system. The system uses accelerometers and microcontrollers to detect hand gestures and control electric motors that move the wheelchair in directions like left, right, forward, and brake. It can also convert the wheelchair into a stretcher by adjusting the seat height with actuators. The goal is to create a hands-free mobility aid for disabled users to control through natural hand motions. The paper describes the technical components, communication system, and hardware implementation to read gestures and translate them into wheelchair commands. The results demonstrate the ability to accurately control wheelchair direction and conversion through different hand position inputs.
The document discusses reliability centered maintenance of an electric motor powering a water pump station. It provides information on the motor components and common failure modes. Bearings experience over 40% of failures mostly due to improper lubrication. Statos and rotors also commonly fail due to overheating, corrosion, or contamination. The document analyzes the risks of each component using an RPN analysis. It recommends monitoring components using vibration analysis and infrared thermography to detect issues early and lower maintenance costs. Implementing preventative maintenance and inspections was expected to reduce the total risk by 60%.
Implementation of pi, fuzzy & ann controllers to improve dynamic response...eSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, vector controlled induction motor drives with variable speed applications are widely used in order to achieve good dynamic performance and wide speed control. In this paper a new method of controlling technique based on Artificial Neural Network is proposed to improve the speed control of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Indirect vector controlled induction motor with conventional PI controller is developed and is replaced with Fuzzy logic controller to overcome the problem of overshoot occurred in conventional PI controller. To obtain quick steady state response and better speed control, ANN technique is proposed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper the speed, torque and stator voltage responses with conventional PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and proposed artificial neural network based controller are compared and found that the proposed ANN based controller showed increased dynamic performance. Keywords: ANN, FLC, PI controller, IVCIM
Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor using Delstar Conve...IJECEIAES
DELSTAR converter is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR – DELTA starter for machine tools. Induction motor consumes more power while it is operated at DELTA mode for a long time under no load condition. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated problem. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of full load, it switches the motor to operate in STAR mode to save energy. When the load increases beyond 40%, it automatically switches the motor to operate in DELTA mode. The starting regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where load changes are not more than 120 times/hour. This can be used with any capacity motor by choosing appropriate current transformers and setting the current level using the potentiometer built in. The proposed converter is designed for 5HP induction motor and experimentally tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
IRJET- Automated Machine Design through Software Controller SupportIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated machine design that uses a software controller to support a continuous cyclic mechanism for energy generation. It involves using components like a ball nut screw, gear shafts, coils of wire, and an Arduino controller to convert mechanical motion from a house jack into rotational motion that drives the coils to generate electricity, and then uses the generated electricity to power the jack in a self-sustaining cycle. The goal is to create a machine that can generate power continuously without relying on external energy sources like fossil fuels.
This document summarizes a handbook on selecting energy-efficient electric motors. It was created to help industry identify opportunities to save costs by using high-efficiency motors. The handbook covers factors to consider when purchasing motors, such as efficiency, economics, and performance. It also provides guidance on launching motor improvement programs to realize energy and cost savings. The overall goal is to educate industry on replacing standard motors with energy-efficient options where cost-effective.
IRJET- Speed Control of Three Phase Motor using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of a three phase induction motor using a fuzzy logic controller. It proposes implementing a fuzzy logic controller based speed control system in MATLAB Simulink. The controller aims to reduce errors between the rotor speed and reference speed as quickly as possible. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller improves the dynamic performance of the induction motor compared to a conventional PI controller. The motor is also able to better withstand load disturbances with less effect on stability. The fuzzy logic control scheme does not require a complex mathematical model of the motor.
Neuro-Genetic Adaptive Optimal Controller for DC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
Conventional speed controllers of DC motors suffer from being not adaptive; this is because of the nonlinearity in the motor model due to saturation. Structure of DC motor speed controller should vary according to its operating conditions, so that the transient performance is acceptable. In this paper an adaptive and optimal Neuro-Genetic controller is used to control a DC motor speed. GA will be used first to obtain the optimal controller parameter for each load torque and motor reference speed. The data obtained from GA is used to train a neural network; the inputs for the neural network are the load torque and the motor reference speed and the outputs are the controller parameters. This neural network is used on line to adapt the controller parameters according to operating conditions. This controller is tested with a sudden change in the operating conditions and could adapt itself for the conditions and gave an optimal transient performance.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
Stablitiy, classification and selection of motorWaqas Afzal
DC motors can operate in either steady state or transient state stability. They are classified based on duty including continuous, short time, intermittent periodic, and continuous with intermittent loads. Thermal models are used to understand motor heating and cooling. Motors are selected based on requirements like economical operation, dependability, efficiency, and adaptation to load cycles. Specifications include output power, voltage, winding type, excitation voltage, speed, current, frame size, and rating.
This document provides guidance on sizing and protecting dynamic braking resistors for AC drives. It discusses calculating the resistance, wattage, and protection scheme needed. For resistance, the minimum allowable for the drive must be met. Wattage is based on application details like machine type and stopping frequency. Protection can be via a manual motor protector sized based on peak current and a trip time to safeguard the resistor. The drive software can also limit full power braking time and periodic use to prevent overuse. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate the process.
This document summarizes international standards for the energy efficiency of low voltage AC motors. It introduces the International Efficiency (IE) classification system developed by IEC, which has 4 classes (IE1-IE4) with IE4 being the most efficient. The minimum efficiency requirements for 50Hz motors ranging from 0.12kW to 1000kW are provided for each IE class and pole configuration. European Union regulations requiring minimum IE2 or IE3 classes for new motors from 2011-2017 are also summarized. A comparison notes IE testing directly measures stray load loss while EFF assumes it is 0.5% of power, which may overestimate efficiency of lower power motors.
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
This document discusses induction motor faults. It begins by describing the construction of induction motors, including the stator, rotor, and other parts. It then discusses various types of faults that can occur, including broken rotor bars, rotor mass unbalance, stator faults, single phasing, crawling, and bearing faults. The causes and effects of some key faults are described in more detail, such as broken rotor bars which can be caused by manufacturing defects or thermal/mechanical stresses and produce sideband frequencies in the stator current signature. Rotor mass unbalance is also discussed as causing air-gap eccentricity.
IRJET - Performance Comparison of a Small Size Rotor with Self Induced Instab...IRJET Journal
This document presents a performance comparison of stabilizing a small size rotor experiencing self-induced instability using sliding mode control and fractional-order control. It first introduces the challenges of stabilizing small rotors due to their size, then describes a proposed smart structure with embedded sensors, controllers, and piezoelectric actuators. It analyzes the rotor instability, derives equations of motion, and calculates the critical threshold speed. Finally, it proposes using fractional-order PID control and modulating the internal damping parameter to stabilize the rotor, as this approach allows shifting the critical speed beyond the operating speed more practically than alternative control methods.
Matlab simulation on chopper based speed control of dc motor: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on MATLAB simulation of chopper-based speed control of a DC motor. It describes how the speed of a DC motor below rated speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage using a chopper converter in a closed-loop control system with a PI controller. The review covers DC chopper circuits, separately excited DC motors, modeling a DC motor drive system in MATLAB Simulink with a PI speed controller, and conclusions on simulating speed control of a DC motor using a chopper.
This document outlines the course contents for the subject "Commissioning of Electrical Equipments" in the 8th semester of the Electrical Engineering program at Gujarat Technological University. It details the various testing and commissioning procedures for major electrical equipment including transformers, induction motors, substation equipment, circuit breakers, DC machines, synchronous machines, and transmission lines and cables. The term work will involve applying the concepts from the syllabus and reference books are provided for further study.
digital testing of high voltage circuit breakerRenuka Verma
The document discusses digital testing of high voltage circuit breakers. Digital testing involves developing a software model of a circuit breaker using measurements from standard laboratory tests. This allows evaluation of circuit breakers' performance in different scenarios without full-scale testing. Some advantages are reducing testing costs and time, estimating interrupting limits, and accelerating circuit breaker design development. Applications include analyzing the influence of parallel capacitance and current line length. Digital testing provides precise information about circuit breakers' performance.
The document describes how to conduct short circuit and open circuit tests on transformers using a DPATT-3Bi device to measure copper and iron losses, respectively. It provides details on the test setups, calculations for full load current and no load current, and how to interpret the results displayed on the DPATT-3Bi screen. The document also lists standard limits for transformer impedance voltages and losses according to Indian standards.
Troubleshooting, Maintenance and Protection of AC Electrical Motors and DrivesLiving Online
It is estimated that electrical drives and other rotating equipment consume about 50% of the total electrical energy consumed in the world today. The cost of maintaining electrical motors can be a significant amount in the budget item of manufacturing and mining industries. This workshop gives you a thorough understanding of electrical motor’s working, maintenance and failure modes and gives you the tools to maintain and troubleshoot electrical motors.
You will gain a fundamental understanding of the installation, operation and troubleshooting of electric motors. Typical applications of electric motors in mining, manufacturing, materials handling, process control are covered in detail. You will learn the basic steps in specifying, installing, wiring and commissioning motors. The concluding section of the workshop gives you the fundamental tools in troubleshooting motors confidently and effectively.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/troubleshooting-maintenance-protection-ac-electrical-motors-and-drives-13
This document summarizes a study on using Pongamia pinnata seed shell as an adsorbent for removing copper from simulated wastewater. Batch experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of parameters like pH, initial copper concentration, amount of adsorbent, and contact time on adsorption capacity. Maximum removal of 98.3% was achieved at pH 8. Adsorption decreased with increasing initial copper concentration but increased with greater adsorbent amounts. Equilibrium was reached within 120 minutes of contact time. Column experiments confirmed the adsorption behavior predicted by batch studies.
The document discusses techniques for secure neighbor discovery and position verification in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It proposes a distributed protocol called Neighbor Position Verification (NPV) that allows nodes to verify the positions of neighboring nodes without relying on trusted third parties. The NPV protocol uses a 4-step message exchange and distance calculations to classify neighbor nodes as verified, faulty, or unverifiable. It aims to minimize false positives and negatives while being robust against adversarial attacks. The document also discusses extending NPV to dynamic source routing to allow for verification of mobile nodes rather than static node positions. This improves security and network performance for MANETs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer-based technology to identify the perpetrator of a crime accurately and scientifically by measuring brain-wave responses to crime-relevant words or pictures presented on a computer screen. Brain Fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in over 120 tests, including tests on FBI agents, tests for a US intelligence agency and for the US Navy, and tests on real-life situations including felony crimes. Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in lie detection derives from studies suggesting that persons asked to lie show different patterns of brain activity than they do when being truthful. Issues related to the use of such evidence in courts are discussed. The author concludes that neither approach is currently supported by enough data regarding its accuracy in detecting deception to warrant use in court. In the field of criminology, a new lie detector has been developed in the United States of America. This is called “brain fingerprinting”. This invention is supposed to be the best lie detector available as on date and is said to detect even smooth criminals who pass the polygraph test (the conventional lie detector test) with ease. The new method employs brain waves, which are useful in detecting whether the person subjected to the test, remembers finer details of the crime. Even if the person willingly suppresses the necessary information, the brain wave is sure to trap him, according to the experts, who are very excited about the new kid on the block.
Data Collection via Synthetic Aperture Radiometry towards Global SystemIJERA Editor
Nowadays it is widely accepted that remote sensing is an efficient way of large data management philosophy. In
this paper, we present a future view of the big data collection by synthetic aperture radiometry as a passive
microwave remote sensing towards building a global monitoring system. Since the collected data may not have
any value, it is mandatory to analyses these data in order to get valuable and beneficial information with respect
to their base data. The collected data by synthetic aperture radiometry is one of the high resolution earth
observation, these data will be an intensive problems, Meanwhile, Synthetic Aperture Radar able to work in
several bands, X, C, S, L and P-band. The important role of synthetic aperture radiometry is how to collect data
from areas with inadequate network infrastructures where the ground network facilities were destroyed. The
future concern is to establish a new global data management system, which is supported by the groups of
international teams working to develop technology based on international regulations. There is no doubt that the
existing techniques are so limited to solve big data problems totally. There is a lot of work towards improving 2-
D and 3-D SAR to get better resolution.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes...IJERA Editor
The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Growth Processes for a pulse of leptin in fasting human subjectsIJERA Editor
A meal-like transient hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, with a pulse of xamethasone, increased serum leptin levels from baseline by 54±21% at 9 h (P = 0.038). In the absence of transient hyperglycemia, leptin increased significantly after doses of both insulin and xamethasone. The effect of insulin was dose-dependent, with a larger increment of serum leptin at 9 h after the highest dose of insulin (75.2±15.7% vs 21.3±8.5%, P = 0.013). Fasting, with or without dexamethasone, resulted in a significant 20% decrease in leptin from morning basal levels. Conversely, the administration of a pulse of insulin and glucose, in the absence of dexamethasone, prevented the drop in serum leptin observed during fasting, regardless of the insulin dose or the serum glucose elevation. The permissive effect of dexamethasone, a single pulse of insulin triggered a rise in serum leptin in humans, even in the absence of transient hyperglycemia. A single pulse of insulin with glucose can prevent the drop in serum leptin normally observed during fasting. We also find the Growth Processes of Leptin
Effect of Medium Composition on Changes of Surface Tension During Cultivation...IJERA Editor
This study evaluated the ability of biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBM10 using glycerol as the sole carbon source. Batch cultivations were performed at 30°C and 180 rpm. The effects of glycerol concentration, C/N ratio and C/P ratio on changes of surface tension were analyzed through a Central Composite Rotational Design. Nitrogen and phosphorus-limiting conditions favored the biosurfactant production. In order to maximize the surface tension reduction, contour plots constructed by predictive polynomial equations resulted in a glycerol concentration of 13.2 g/l, a C/N ratio of 80 and a C/P ratio of 147.2.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hankel Determinent for Certain Classes of Analytic FunctionsIJERA Editor
Let 1 A denote the class of functions
2
( )
n
n
n f z z a z analytic in the unit disc E {z : |z| <1}.
M denotes the class of functions in 1 A which satisfy the conditions 0
( ). ( )
z
f z f z
and for
0 1, 0
( )
( ( ))
( )
( )
) 1 ( Re
f z
zf z
f z
zf z
. We are interested in determining the sharp upper bound
for the functional
2
2 4 3 a a a for the class M .
HeroCloud: The Next Generation Solution to Online Game Development HeroEngine
HeroCloud removes the business barriers to online game development-- with no up-front costs as well as covering the costs associated with running your game online. HeroCloud provides full access to HeroEngine, hosting, bandwidth, and access to billing and marketing systems in return for a 30% revenue share.
HeroEngine technology provides a groundbreaking online system where development teams build their games live in a what-you-see-is-what-you-get 3D environment with a rich suite of tools, where games come to life instantly as they are built. Licensees include BioWare (Star Wars: The Old Republic), ZeniMax Online, and many more around the world who demand a better process for developing and maintaining online worlds
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- IoT based Energy Efficient Ceiling Fan with BLDC Motor for Home Automa...IRJET Journal
This document describes a project to develop an energy efficient ceiling fan that can be controlled by smartphone using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It uses a brushless DC motor powered by a switching power supply via a closed loop controller. An ESP8266 WiFi module is incorporated to allow control via a smartphone app. Brushless DC motors offer advantages over brushed DC motors like higher efficiency and reliability. The methodology involves using a microcontroller in the ESP module to generate control signals for motor speed and direction. An Android app is developed for the user interface. This allows remote control of the ceiling fan speed and provides home automation capabilities while saving energy.
IRJET- Variable Frequency Drive Used in TreadmillIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the use of variable frequency drives in treadmills. It discusses how most treadmills previously used DC brush motors but these had issues like high failure rates and maintenance costs. The document then explores how using an AC motor with a variable frequency drive can improve on the limitations of DC motors. It provides details on how variable frequency drives work, including discussing the rectifier, DC bus, inverter and control circuit components. It also explains techniques like pulse width modulation and flux vector control that are used to control the speed of AC motors. The objectives of using a variable frequency drive in a treadmill are listed as energy savings, increased life of components, reduced noise and vibration, lower thermal and mechanical stresses, and
This document describes an automatic coil winding machine that aims to reduce the time required for making coils compared to a manual coil winding process. The automatic coil winding machine uses an Arduino microcontroller to control servo motors for precise winding. It has digital displays to show the number of turns and status indicators. The Arduino processes the input data and sends signals to the servo motor, which rotates a master die mechanism to precisely wind wire into slots. This automatic design aims to lower manufacturing costs and increase productivity compared to manual winding.
Electrical drives short Question answer.pdfTapasNandi7
This document contains 27 questions and answers about electric drives and electric motors. Some key points covered:
1. An electric drive converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using an electric motor, transmission system, and electrical control system. Electric drives are preferred over mechanical drives for their simplicity, easy control, flexibility, reliability and low cost.
2. Individual drives are used when each machine needs independent control, while group drives use a single motor to power multiple machines via a line shaft. Multimotor drives have several individual drives to power different parts of a production unit.
3. Induction motors are commonly used for electric drives due to their rugged and low maintenance construction. Squirrel cage rotors provide simple and low
SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF MASTER –SLAVE D.C. MOTORS USING MICROCONTROLLER, FOR...Editor IJMTER
In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and motor speed synchronization is vital in conveyor belt driven by multiple motors. Abrupt load variations may cause hunting or oscillatory behavior in d. c. machines. This behavior can be detrimental to the process. The digitally controlled d. c. machines can have much aggravated phenomenon owing to poor sampling period selection. Traditionally processes are synchronized through mechanical transmission system consisting of a line shaft gears, pullers etc. Among the available software mechanisms master-slave synchronization is a widely used technique. Multi-motor applications have become very attractive field in industrial applications replacing in traditional mechanical coupling. Many textile applications involved synchronized speed motors. For example wrapping of clothes should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and Similarly in some cases the speed of long conveyor belt driven by multiple motors is need to be constant. In such types of applications master slave technique is used as a software mechanism to synchronize the speed of different motors to avoid damage.
1. The document discusses electric drives and their components. Electric drives use electric motors as prime movers and include a power source, power modulator, motor, control unit, and sensing unit.
2. Power modulators can be converters, variable impedance circuits, or switching circuits. Converters provide adjustable voltage/current/frequency to control motor speed and torque. Variable impedance circuits and switching circuits are used to control motor parameters.
3. Electric drives are classified as individual drives, group drives, or multimotor drives depending on how many motors are used to drive different loads. Individual drives use one motor for all loads while group drives use one motor connected to multiple loads through pulleys. Multimotor
IRJET-Investigation of Three Phase Induction Speed Control Strategies using N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control strategies for a three-phase induction motor using different controllers. It first introduces induction motors and their challenges in speed control due to their complex nonlinear dynamics. It then discusses various speed control techniques including proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The document presents MATLAB simulations of speed control using these different controllers under full load conditions. The results show that PID control provides more efficient speed control with minimal steady state error and faster response compared to no controller or only P control. Vector control techniques are used to implement the speed controllers in the simulation.
Comparative study of electrical motors for ceiling fan applicationIAEME Publication
This document compares different types of motors used for ceiling fan applications, including single phase induction motors, universal motors, and brushless DC (BLDC) motors. It finds that BLDC motors provide benefits over traditional induction motors used in ceiling fans, including higher efficiency, better speed regulation, and ability to achieve higher energy efficiency ratings. A MATLAB model of a BLDC motor-driven ceiling fan is presented and analyzed, showing performance advantages in starting torque, speed control, and airflow compared to single phase induction motors commonly used in ceiling fans. While BLDC motors have a higher cost, the document concludes they can provide better performance and increased energy efficiency compared to traditional ceiling fan motors.
IRJET- Speed Control of Induction Motor using Hybrid PID Fuzzy ControllerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on speed control of induction motors using a hybrid PID fuzzy controller. It begins with an introduction to induction motors and their increasing use in industrial applications. It then discusses various speed control techniques for induction motors, including scalar (v/f) control, vector control, and direct torque control. The document also reviews related work by other authors on topics like PID control, adaptive control, compensating for voltage fluctuations, optimal preview control, and sensorless speed control of induction motors.
SURVEY OF CONVENTIONAL &NEW GENERATION ADVANCED D.C.BRAKING SYSTEM OF 3-PHASE...IJCI JOURNAL
Any variable frequency drive requires an efficient and controlled braking system. Therefore, different braking techniques have been the subject area of researchers to enhance the performance as well as overall life of the drives. In this paper, a literature study is made of various existing braking methods, focused on induction motor (IM) drive performance. The braking methods are compared and summarized based on speed range, braking time and efficiency of 3-phase squirrel cage IM drive. Finally, an advancedD.C. braking technique is presented where braking torque in terms of varyingD.C.signal is injected into the stator windings using fully controlled Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation pulses (SVPWM). A method has been described for providing occasional fast, smooth and controlled braking torque from a non-regenerative VFD, without additional power circuits. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, tested and validated on Digital signal processor (DSP) based drive. Test results are presented in this paper.
IRJET- Power Generation using GYM Equipment (Lat Pull Down)IRJET Journal
1. Students at the D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering and Technology developed a system to generate electricity from a lat pull down gym machine.
2. The system works by connecting the pulley of the lat pull down machine to a generator via a gear mechanism. As the user exercises on the machine, the pulley turns, rotating the generator and producing electricity.
3. Testing showed the system could produce an average of 4.2 watts of power per hour of machine use, which could provide enough energy to power a LED bulb in the gym for 2 hours if the machine was operated for 8 hours. The electricity is stored in batteries and has potential applications to power small appliances.
This document provides an introduction and overview of AC drive fault diagnosis and detection. It discusses the basics of AC drives, including PWM inverters and semiconductor technologies. It describes common faults in AC drives systems, including faults in the AC power line, frequency converter, and AC motor. It also discusses conventional protection schemes for AC drives and various fault diagnosis and detection methods, such as expert knowledge-based systems and online condition monitoring of the AC motor. The document is organized into sections on introduction, AC drive basics, faults, protection, and diagnosis/detection methods.
Development of Enhanced Frequency Drive for 3-Phase Induction Motors Submitte...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Three-phase induction motors produce mechanical power by electromagnetic induction and run on a 3-phase ac supply. They require efficient speed control, to enable them do variable speed operations, save power consumption and reduce machine noise. In this dissertation, a new switching device called MosControlled Thyristor (MCT) for frequency drive is introduced. Based on the new switching device and AT89C52 microcontroller, an enhanced frequency drive for controlling the speed and torque of 3-phase 15kW squirrel cage induction motor is modeled. Different voltages ranging from 342V to 415V and frequencies ranging from 50Hz to 60Hz are used in a systematic manner to simulate the system based on the new switching device. The simulation program is written in C language and tested with Proteus 7.6 simulation software. Voltage and frequency have significant impact on the actual speed and torque of the motor. Simulation results show that with the new model, the torque (56.66Nm) developed by the motor which is constant throughout each speed range is directly proportional to the ratio (6.7:1) of the applied voltage and the frequency of the supply and the selected speeds (1450, 1510, 1570, 1630, 1690 and 1750 rpm) are locked irrespective of change in load. This is unlike other models where magnetic saturation and conduction drop of IGBT lead to voltage/frequency imbalance resulting in excessive drawing of current by the motor and overheating. This new control method has a speed regulation of ±2 to 3% of maximum frequency, speed response of 3Hz, speed control range of 1: 40 and efficiency of 88%, as further advantages. Comparison of the system with other speed control techniques shows improved energy-saving, cost effectiveness and safety in operation. The contributions of this research aim to make Volts per Hertz speed control method based on MCT a reliable better alternative to other well known methods in speed control of three-phase induction motors
This document presents a study on using an artificial neural network technique for flux position estimation and sector selection in direct torque control of an induction motor. Direct torque control aims to provide quick torque response without complex transformations but suffers from high torque ripples. The proposed method uses a neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection to determine the optimal voltage vector, with the goal of reducing torque and flux ripples. The neural network structure is simple to facilitate short training and processing times. Simulation results show the neural network based controller provides high performance speed control of the induction motor.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Starting Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document compares different methods for starting induction motors, including direct online (DOL), star-delta, autotransformer, capacitor, and soft starting. It analyzes the current, torque, and speed characteristics of each method through simulations. The results show that no single method is universally better, as there is a tradeoff between factors like starting current, torque, speed, and cost for each approach. While DOL and capacitor starting produce high currents and torque but reach rated speed quickly, star-delta, autotransformer, and soft starting gradually increase current and torque but take longer to start. The document concludes that the optimal starting method depends on the specific application and power system constraints.
IRJET- Development of an Electric Vehicle using PWM Control TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of an electric vehicle that uses a brushless DC motor powered by a 72V lead acid battery pack and controlled using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. A PWM controller varies the duty cycle of voltage pulses to the motor to control its speed. The electric vehicle aims to provide efficient and pollution-free transportation. The brushless DC motor provides benefits like higher efficiency and lower maintenance compared to internal combustion engines. The PWM technique allows for improved motor speed control. The developed electric vehicle provides a potential solution for sustainable transportation goals while demonstrating control of an electric motor using PWM.
IRJET-Comparison between Scalar & Vector Control Technique for Induction Moto...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comparison of scalar and vector control techniques for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors. It presents the modeling and simulation of scalar and vector control methods for an induction motor drive using a two-level inverter in MATLAB/Simulink. The scalar control technique is simpler to implement but provides lower performance compared to the vector control technique. Simulation results show that vector control reduces torque ripple and lower order harmonics compared to scalar control, providing better speed regulation and power quality. Vector control also offers faster dynamic response making it suitable for applications with frequent load changes.
IRJET- Comparative Study of using Different Electric Motors for EVIRJET Journal
This document compares different electric motors that can be used to power electric vehicles, including DC brushed motors, BLDC motors, induction motors, and switched reluctance motors. It provides an overview of each motor type, discussing their characteristics, efficiencies, and suitability for electric vehicles. The conclusion is that induction motors are currently the best candidate due to being robust, cost-effective, and requiring low maintenance, but that BLDC motors may have advantages in terms of lower pollution and fuel consumption.
Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using Different Intelligence SchemesIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of a brushless DC motor using different control schemes, including an I-controller, PI-controller, and fuzzy logic controller. It first provides background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then discusses modeling of a BLDC motor and the design of an I-controller, PI-controller, and fuzzy logic controller for speed control. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller provides the best performance with minimum overshoot and settling time. A comparison table confirms that the fuzzy logic controller has the best response dynamics of the three controllers tested.
Hydrostatic Continuous Variable Power Transmission Drive for Two wheelers usi...ijsrd.com
Power transmission is an extremely important factor for the automotive industry today. In vehicles, the power transmission system is the major source of energy losses. This is an intentionally compact review for a module addressing basic Fluid Mechanics for incompressible fluids within the context of Applied Energy Systems. Rather than attempting to cover Fluid Mechanics in a very broad and general way, two practical areas are selected in the use of fluids, hydrostatic power transmission systems and the flow of fluids through pipes and fittings. Thus readers are prepared for applying the same and similar principles to a much broader range of practical applications in the future. The present review work relates to a rotary pump and motor transmission system, which permits a change in ratio between the speed of the driver and driven shafts from direct drive to neutral position. This transmission, which may be adopted for many uses, such as vehicles and machine tools, is endowed with the utmost ease of operation even under load, is of a simple and rugged construction and offers safety of operation even after an extended use.
Similar to Interfacing and Commissioning of Motor and Drive to the Tandem test jig (20)
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
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Interfacing and Commissioning of Motor and Drive to the Tandem test jig
1. Varshitha N Gowda et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 8, (Part - 1) August 2015, pp.68-73
www.ijera.com 68 | P a g e
Interfacing and Commissioning of Motor and Drive to the
Tandem test jig
Varshitha N Gowda (1)
, Mrs. Radha R (2)
,Arun H(3)
(1)
IV Sem MTech Student, (2)
Associate Professor, E&E dept, NIE, Mysore (3)
Senior Manager, Electrical
Maintenance, BEML Limited, Mysore
Abstract
The motors and drives have wide applications from servos to traction and it is mainly used in automation
industry, CNC machines and robots. The application of interfacing and commissioning of motor and drive to the
tandem test jig helps to achieve improved reliability and cost effectiveness. This paper mainly describes how
motors and drive system is interfaced to tandem test jig.BG605 motor grader vehicle is used for grading
operation and bank cutting operation of roads. Tandem is a part of BG605 Motor grader equipment and it is
used for transmission of power in the equipment. Testing of the tandem before assembling on to the vehicle is
very much essential.
Keywords: BG605 Motor Grader, Tandem equipment, Variable frequency drive, AC Motor.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this modern era where everything is becoming
automated, the business sector especially the
manufacturing companies have gained so many
benefits from using machines and technology to
increase their profits and productivity rate. Tandem
means having two identical components arranged one
behind or adjacent to the other. Tandem is a part of
BG605 Motor grader equipment and it is used for
transmission of power in the equipment. Testing of
the tandem before assembling on to the vehicle is
very necessary. Testing the tandem by manual
method is a tedious job. In order to make work easy
and to get quality of product automation of jig is to
be implemented.
There are many disadvantages of testing tandem
after assembling in BG605 Motor grader; to
overcome this testing of tandem by manual method is
a tedious job. In order to make work easy and to get
quality of product automation of jig is to be
implemented. The challenge here is to test the tandem
before assembling on to the vehicle to overcome the
following disadvantages:
1. Failure related to torque and speed.
2. Obtaining accuracy is not easy.
3. Time required for testing is more.
4. Has peak torque fixed to a 1% duty cycle.
5. Required power supply is 10 times more than
before assembling testing.
6. Leakage problem.
7. Present of Abnormal sound.
8. Tandem heating problem.
All the protection devices and other equipment
are selected based on the application rating.
Figure 1: Motor Grader
Figure 2: Tandem of Motor Grader
II. Methodology
This paper describes selection of suitable motor,
selection of suitable drive, how motor-drive system is
interfaced to jig using electrical circuit diagram,
software parameter to auto tune the drive. The
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 8, (Part - 1) August 2015, pp.68-73
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application of interfacing and commissioning of
motor and drive to tandem test jig.
The principle involved in this technique is first to
convert the fixed frequency, fixed voltage AC supply
into a variable or constant DC voltage. This is then
converted into the AC supply of desired frequency
and amplitude. Hence the speed of induction motor is
controlled by controlling the frequency which in turn
controls the speed of tandem jig. By changing the
phase sequence of the motor supply connections
induction motor can be made to run either clockwise
or anticlockwise. An IGBT based AC drive has to be
selected for the required function and tested. The
IGBT based AC drive is responsible for the speed
control.
III. Proposed System
The block diagram consists of a control panel
which is interfaced with the tandem jig through
induction motors coupled with gears box. The gears
are required for smooth torque controls. The control
panel comprises of the IGBT based AC drive which
are controlled by their respective push buttons. The
IGBT based AC drive is responsible for the speed
control.
Figure 3: Block diagram of the proposed system
IV. Selection of AC Motor
Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)
motors have traditionally served distinctly different
applications due to their construction and inherent
operating characteristics. In general, AC motors were
smaller, less expensive, lighter and more rugged than
DC motors. DC motors, on the other hand, operated
better in variable-speed applications, particularly
those requiring wide speed ranges, and provided
more precise speed control. When the application
load varies greatly and light loads may be
encountered for prolonged periods, DC motor
commutators and brushes may wear rapidly under
this condition.
DC motors have been the workhorse of industry
in many applications where variable speed operation
is needed. In these applications, DC motors are
reliable and provide precise speed control under
variable operating conditions. However, DC motors
are expensive to purchase and to maintain. In
addition, over the past 10 years, AC drives have
improved to the point whether their speed control is
far more precise, rivaling that of servo drives. What’s
more, the AC motor and drive together often cost
about the same price as the DC motor alone.
Disadvantages of dc motors
Overload can damage motor.
Cannot operate in explosive and hazardous
condition due to sparks occurring at brush.
Increases operation and maintenance cost due to
presence of commutator and brush gear.
High initial cost.
Benefits of ac motor
The types of motors that AC drives control are
normally operating at constant speed. Enabling the
user to control the speed of motor potentially gives
various benefits in terms of process control, system
stress and energy savings.
Adjusting speed as a means of controlling a process
Smoother operation
Acceleration control
Different operating speed for each process
Allow slow operation for setup purposes
Allow accurate positioning
Control torque or tension
Low coat
High power factor
Figure 4: Induction motor
Selection of Squirrel cage Induction motor
Squirrel cage induction motors are cheaper in
cost compared to slip ring induction motor.
Requires less maintenance and rugged
construction. Because of the absence of slip
rings, brushes maintenance duration and cost
associated with the wear and tear of brushes are
minimized.
Squirrel cage induction motors requires less
conductor material than slip ring motor, hence
copper losses in squirrel cage motors are less
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results in higher efficiency compared to slip ring
induction motor.
Squirrel cage motors are explosion proof due to
the absence of brushes which eliminates the risk
of sparking.
Squirrel cage motors operate at nearly constant
speed, high over load capacity, and operate at
better power factor.
The AC induction motor is the workhorse in
adjustable speed drive systems. The most popular
type is a 3-phase squirrel-cage AC induction motor
that is an efficient, low-cost, maintenance-free, low
noise motor. The stator is supplied by a balanced
three phase AC power source. The synchronous
speed of the motor (Ns) is given by
Where, fs is the synchronous stator frequency in
Hz, and p is the number of stator poles. The AC
induction motor produces zero torque at the
synchronous frequency and therefore must run at the
speed given by a load torque. The motor speed is
characterized by a slip Sr
Where, Nr is the rotor mechanical speed and Nsl
is the slip speed, both in rpm. Figure 5 illustrates the
torque characteristics and corresponding slip. As can
be seen from the above equations of ns and Sr, the
motor speed is controlled by variation of a stator
frequency with influence of the load torque.
Figure 5: Torque-Speed Characteristic at
Constant Voltage and Frequency
V. Selection of AC Drive
An AC drive is a device that is used to control
the speed of an electrical motor, either an induction
motor or a synchronous motor. AC drives are also
known by various other names such as adjustable
speed drives (ASD) or adjustable frequency
drives (AFD) or variable frequency drives (VFD)
or variable speed drives (VSD) or frequency
converters (FC).
Obviously, a fixed speed is not suitable for all
processes in all circumstances, thus the need for
adjusting the speed according to need. If speed
control is required, that controller is called a (variable
speed) AC drive. AC drives are used in a wide
variety of industrial applications. However, variable
speed AC drives are commonly used in more
complex and difficult environments such as water
and wastewater processing, paper mills, tunnel
boring, oil drilling platforms or mining.
Main Components of AC drive
1. Rectifier unit
The AC drive is supplied by the electrical
network via a rectifier. The rectifier unit can be
unidirectional or bidirectional. When unidirectional,
the AC drive can accelerate and run the motor by
taking energy from the network. If bidirectional, the
AC drive can also take the mechanical rotation
energy from the motor and process and feed it back
to the electrical network.
2. DC circuit
The DC circuit will store the electrical energy
from the rectifier for the inverter to use. In most
cases, the energy is stored in high-power capacitors.
3. Inverter unit
The inverter unit takes the electrical energy from
the DC circuit and supplies it to the motor. The
inverter uses modulation techniques to create the
needed 3-phase AC voltage output for the motor. The
frequency can be adjusted to match the need of the
process. The higher the frequency of the output
voltage is, the higher the speed of the motor, and
thus, the output of the process.
Figure 6: Block diagram of AC drive
Three-phase AC induction motor drive with Volt
per Hertz Control in open loop
The design of a 3-phase AC induction motor
drive with Volt per Hertz control in Opened Loop is
based on Motorola’s 56F80X digital signal processor
(DSP) which is dedicated for motor control
applications. The system is designed as a motor
control system for driving medium power, three
phase AC induction motors and is targeted for
applications in both industrial and appliance fields
(e.g. washing machines, compressors, air
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conditioning units, pumps or simple industrial
drives). The software design takes advantage of SDK
(Software Development Kit). The drive to be
introduced is intended as an example for a 3-phase
AC induction motor drive. It serves as an example of
AC V/Hz motor control system design using
Motorola DSP with SDK support. It also illustrates
the usage of dedicated motor control libraries that are
included in the SDK.
Motorola DSP Advantages and Features
The Motorola DSP56F80x family is well suited
for digital motor control, combining the DSP’s
calculation capability with MCU’s controller features
on a single chip. These DSPs offer a rich dedicated
peripheral set, including Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) modules Analog-to-Digital Converters
(ADCs), Timers, communication peripherals (SCI,
SPI, CAN), on-board Flash and RAM. Generally, all
family members are well suited for motor control.
Volts per Hertz Control
The Volt per Hertz control method is the most
popular method of Scalar Control which controls the
magnitude of the variable like frequency, voltage or
current. The command and feedback signals are DC
quantities which are proportional to the respective
variables.
This scheme is defined as volts per Hertz control
because the voltage applied command is calculated
directly from the applied frequency in order to
maintain the air-gap flux of the machine constant. In
steady state operation the machine air-gap flux is
approximately proportional to the ratio Vs/fs, where
Vs is the amplitude of motor phase voltage and fs is
the synchronous electrical frequency applied to the
motor. The control system is illustrated in Figure 7.
The characteristic is defined by the base point of the
motor. Below the base point the motor operates at
optimum excitation, called constant torque operation,
because of the constant Vs/fs ratio. Above this point
the motor operates under-excited, called constant
power operation, because of the rated voltage limit. A
simple open-loop Volts/Hertz speed control for an
induction motor is the control technique targeted for
low cost, low performance drives. This basic scheme
is unsatisfactory for more demanding applications
where speed precision is required.
Figure 7: Volts per Hertz Control Method
For understanding the basic principles behind
VFD operation requires understanding three basic
section of VFD: the Rectifier unit, DC Bus and the
Inverter unit. The supply voltage is firstly pass
through a rectifier unit where in gets converted into
AC to DC supply, the three phase supply is fed with
three phase full wave diode where it gets converts
into DC supply. The DC bus comprises with a filter
section where the harmonics generated during the AC
to DC conversion are filtered out. The last section
consists of an inverter section which comprises with
six IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) where
the filtered DC supply is being converted to quasi
sinusoidal wave of AC supply which is supply to the
induction motor connected to it. As we know that the
synchronous speed of motor (rpm) is dependent upon
frequency. Therefore by varying the frequency of the
power supply through VFD we can control the
synchronous motor speed.
VI. Interfacing of Motor and Drive
Figure 8: Connection diagram of the AC drive
and motor with tandem jig
1. Circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
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circuit from damage caused by overload or short
circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition
and interrupt current flow.
2. Input AC reactor
Drives are nonlinear loads. They tend to draw
current only at the positive and negative peaks of the
line. Since the current wave-form is not sinusoidal
the current is said to contain harmonics. If a line
reactor is installed, the peaks of the line current are
reduced and broadened out. This makes the current
more sinusoidal, lowering the harmonic level to
around 35% when a properly sized reactor is used.
3. Output AC reactor
When the motor inductance is too low, a reactor
may be needed. Running multiple motors on one
drive may also result in a low inductance load and the
requirement of an output reactor.
4. Braking resistor
For applications that require faster deceleration
rates, or where motor speeds are exceeding the
synchronous speed set up by the output frequency of
the drive (an overhauling load condition), a braking
resistor is required. Braking resistors increase the
braking torque capability of a variable frequency
drive, producing faster and more controlled braking.
The resistor dissipates regenerated power to keep the
bus voltage from exceeding the rated limit of the
drive.
VII. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
The Figure 9 shows the tandem of BG605 motor
grader interfaced with induction motor through
coupling bevel gear. The wheels of the grader are
connected to the tandem. Once the frequency is
varied the motor starts rotating in either direction.
Therefore tandem jig speed can also be controlled.
This would increase their productivity and efficiency.
So tandem has to be tested before assembly.
The 3 phase output of the drive is connected to
the 3 phase terminal of the motor. The motor is tested
by giving suitable frequency using the ac drive. The
motor is then made to run in both the directions.
After testing the motor, the tandem is then coupled to
the motor which is in turn connected to the ac drive.
The tandem is then checked for rotation in both the
directions i.e. forward and backward
Figure 9: Interfacing of motor and tandem jig
Table 1: Results of testing interfacing
The Table 1 shows the results of testing Tandem
after interfacing with motor and drive. Speed of the
tandem is checked till 1500RPM and left for
observation for 2 hours. After watching the tandem
for 2 hours Oil leakage problem and noise was not
found.
VIII. Conclusion
The IGBT based AC drive along with induction
motor finds its application in controlling the
movement of tandem in either directions. This system
mainly requires the induction motor for smooth
control of tandem jig reducing the human error and
requiring minimal number of skilled workers. The
tandem jig can be tested without assembling the
whole motor grader which would reduce the time and
increase the productivity. In future drive can be
Characteristic Checking
Method
Results
Speed Tachometer 500-
1500RPM
Duration Watch 2hrs
Noise level Sound meter 100db max
Check and cleaning
of strainer
Visual Clean/free
from dust
Temperature Gauge 90 max
Oil
leakage
Coupling
portion
Visual No leakage
Weld
joints of
tandem
Centre
case cage
portion
All as cast
portion
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designed for larger motor graders and the overall
productivity of the company can be increased.
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