A survey about the diferent technologies used for emergencies notifications in the automobile industry, also prevention techniques are studied.

1. Solutions and Protocols for Vehicles
Accidents Notifications using IoT
A Survey
Mastery Program in
Telecommunication Engineering |By: Diego Jeldu Cuba Zuniga

2. Structure
I. Introduction.
II. Solutions used for notifying alert messages.
a) Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS).
 Architecture.
 Routing Protocols.
 Applications.
 Objectives and Challenges.
b) M2M communications.
 Architecture.
 Protocols.
 Objectives and Challenges.
III. Related Works.
IV. Discussions and Open Issues.
V. Conclusion.
Mastery Program in
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3. Structure
I. Introduction.
II. Solutions used for notifying alert messages.
a) Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS).
 Architecture.
 Routing Protocols.
 Applications.
 Objectives and Challenges.
b) M2M communications.
 Architecture.
 Protocols.
 Objectives and Challenges.
III. Related Works.
IV. Discussions and Open Issues.
V. Conclusion.
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4. Introduction
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1.25 million
Road traffic deaths occur year
cause of death among those
aged 15-29 years#1

5. Introduction
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IoT + Mobile Networks
Facilitate communications, both
play a very important
Objectives:
- Look for an efficient solution in order
to reduce and prevent accidents
- Encourage for developing a future
solution that covers all the topics
discussed in this work.

6. Structure
I. Introduction.
II. Solutions used for notifying alert messages.
a) Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS).
 Architecture.
 Routing Protocols.
 Applications.
 Objectives and Challenges.
b) M2M communications.
 Architecture.
 Protocols.
 Objectives and Challenges.
III. Related Works.
IV. Discussions and Open Issues.
V. Conclusion.
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7. VANET Architecture
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8. VANET Routing Protocols
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9. Objectives and Challenges
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Mobility.
Security and Privacy.
Quality in Service Delivery.
Standardization.
Data administration and Storage.
Improvement in Routing Protocols.

10. M2M Architecture
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11. M2M Protocols
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CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
MQTT (Message Queuing Transport Protocol)
XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol)

12. Objectives and Challenges
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Security.
Ultra-Scalable Connectivity.
Massive Concurrent Data Transmission.
Coexistence of M2M and legacy systems.
Spectrum Management.
Quality of Service.

13. Structure
I. Introduction.
II. Solutions used for notifying alert messages.
a) Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS).
 Architecture.
 Routing Protocols.
 Applications.
 Objectives and Challenges.
b) M2M communications.
 Architecture.
 Protocols.
 Objectives and Challenges.
III. Related Works.
IV. Discussions and Open Issues.
V. Conclusion.
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14. Related Works
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[40] An integration of wave and LTE wireless transmission
in vehicle networks for safety and non-safety messages
dissemination.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[40]
• LTE + 802.11p.
• Collaborative
work.
• Fast Safety
message delivery
• Broadcasting and
rapid difussion.
• Broad coverage.
• More practical WLLs
transmissions.
• LTE deficiences in
terms of security.
• Messages which
not use LTE have
packets loss around
300 m

15. Related Works
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[41] A multiple vehicle sensing approach
for collision avoidance in progressively deployed vehicle
networks.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[41]
• Capable to
detects Kinematic
of vehicles.
• Use DSRC*
Communications.
• Contribute to
evasion of collisions.
• Reach its objective
although is not
equipped with DSRC
comm.
• Programmable and
editable solution.
• Reduce loss of info
due to Cluster head
redundancy.
• The solution is
aimed to
Autonomous
vehicles which has
radar,lidar and
other sense
environment
characteristics

16. Related Works
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[42] SDN enabled 5G-VANET: Adaptive vehicle
clustering and beamformed transmission for aggregated
traffic.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[42]
• SDN + VANET +
5G.
• Grouping o
vehicles.
• Dedicated
Beamforming.
• Improved
communication
quality.
• Simplify the network
access control and
decision making.
• none identified

17. Related Works
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[43] Automatic road accident detection
techniques: A brief survey.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[43]
• Review automatic road
accident notification techniques.
• Ad-hoc networks analysis.
• Applications based solution.
• GSM-GPS M2M solutions.
• VANET are considered more efficient
because fulfills
its objective even in areas without mobile
coverage.
• Latency at delivering the
messages through the VANET network
in case of not coverage.
• Application based solutions may
give a false positive at a sensing
process giving false alarm.

18. Related Works
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[44] Experimentation of v2x communication
in real environment for road alert information sharing system.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[44]
• Evaluation
performance V2X
communication.
• Demonstrates de
feasibility of establish
a functional system.
• Give relevant info
how communication
are affected.
• The simulation
were carried out in
an ideal
environment.
• The environment
was free of RF
interference.

19. Related Works
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[45] Community-aware data propagation with small world
feature for internet of vehicles.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[45]
• Data propagation
with cooperation of
smartphones and
vehicles
• The delivery time is
reduced.
• Long-distance
transmission feature.
• Ad-hoc coverage is
extensive.
• Energy
consumption of
smartphones.

20. Related Works
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[46] A distributed position-based protocol for emergency
messages broadcasting in vehicular ad hoc networks.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[46]
• Look for information about
neighboring vehicles.
• Oriented to transmit messages
according to demand and interest.
• There is no unnecessary channel
overhead.
• The data collection process could be
performed from far distance.
• There is more time to react against an
alert notification.
• There is a customizable broadcast
distance "r" parameter according with
urgency of the situation.
• This method does not offers,
neither gives assurance that the
delivery will be performed correctly.
• The possibility of forwarding is up
to the drivers.
• It must have been speciied what
types of messages does not require an
evaluation for being sent.

21. Related Works
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[47] An IoT enabled real-time communication
and location tracking system for vehicular emergency.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[47]
• GPS-GSM based
system.
• Cameras
Equipped.
• Works over UMTS
mobile network
• Reach its objective
with help of the
mobile network but
needs to improve
another processes.
• Not effective
facing situations
with a lack of
mobile coverage.
• Not negotiate
with Internet for
updating its
database.
• Transmit images
by this
infrastructure,
causes
a greater delay.

22. Related Works
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[50] Performance evaluation
of M2M protocols over cellular networks in a lab environment.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[50]
• Three M2M protocol comparison
(CoAP, MQTT, OPC-UA).
• Cellular Network Emulator.
• Among the 3 protocols, it is verified that
OPC-UA is the protocol that best solves the
data transfer.
• It is concluded that TCP-based protocols
have better performance thanks to its
characteristic "windowing".
• OPC UA has the shortest transmission
time, however it is the one with the highest
overhead.
• The transmission times of MQTT and
OPC-UA had a constant performance on the
LTE network.
• The implementation of data was not
conditioned for broadcasts of large
Payloads.

23. Related Works
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[51] A real time vehicle collision detecting and
reporting system based on internet of things technology.
ARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS PROS CONS
[51]
• TCP and MEMs based notification
system.
• The solution meets the objectives of
notifying the emergency.
• The protocol used CoAP offers low header
size which means a lower overhead.
•Thanks to the use of UDP is lighter and
also fulfills all the features that HTTP can
offers.
• Zig-bee transport protocol has a
very limited scope.
• Zig-bee does not have an strong
security protocol.

24. Structure
I. Introduction.
II. Solutions used for notifying alert messages.
a) Ad-hoc Networks (VANETS).
 Architecture.
 Routing Protocols.
 Applications.
 Objectives and Challenges.
b) M2M communications.
 Architecture.
 Protocols.
 Objectives and Challenges.
III. Related Works.
IV. Discussions and Open Issues.
V. Conclusion.
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25. Conclusion
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-Proposals in VANET were related to improve the efficiency
-Works focused in latency reduction, collective cooperation, reduction of overhead
- CoAP result the more lighter thanks to it is based on UDP.
-Consider work mobile network technology and DSRC.
- Include people's smartphones for long-data transmissions
and include artificial and autonomic intelligence in the messages routing.
- SDN and SOA technology will help to develop new solutions .

26. Mastery Program in
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