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Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management

The document discusses integrated municipal solid waste management in India. It notes that solid waste generation in India is expected to increase substantially by 2050 due to population growth and increasing urbanization. The collection and transportation of municipal solid waste involves various types of vehicles and bins at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, ranging from tricycles and auto rickshaws for primary door-to-door collection to larger bins and skips that can be mechanically emptied for secondary storage and transportation to processing or disposal sites. The suitable applications of different equipment are described.

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Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Bashir Ahmed Shirazi Expert in Urban Infrastructure and Waste Management bashir.shirazi@gmail.com
Growth in MSW Generation – India • The MSW generation in India is expected to increase from 62 million MT in 2012 to 436 million MT per annum in 2050 @ 5% annual growth rate • The per capita generation in India 0.42kg/day which is relatively lower than the levels of 2kg/day of US • increasing urbanization and income levels would result in increase in per capita generation in India • 40% of India’s population by 2030 would reside in urban areas compared to 31% in 2011 • The MSW generation in India is expected to increase from 62 million MT in 2012 to 436 million MT per annum in 2050 @ 5% annual growth rate • The per capita generation in India 0.42kg/day which is relatively lower than the levels of 2kg/day of US • increasing urbanization and income levels would result in increase in per capita generation in India • 40% of India’s population by 2030 would reside in urban areas compared to 31% in 2011
Components of MSW Integrated MSW Management Primary Collection Street Sweeping & Drain Cleaning Disposal Integrated MSW Management Secondary Storage & Transportation Transfer Station and Tertiary Transport Processing
Collection and TransportationCollection and Transportation
Primary / Door to Door Collection Type Tricycle with bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households and commercial establishment s  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers streets and colonies  Can travel / cover very short distances  Manual operations involved Models available  The tricycles can be fabricated by the local vendors as per the requirements Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations / municipalities  Suitable in plain areas only  Suitable for closely located individual households like slums and LIG colonies Type Tricycle with bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households and commercial establishment s  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers streets and colonies  Can travel / cover very short distances  Manual operations involved Models available  The tricycles can be fabricated by the local vendors as per the requirements Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations / municipalities  Suitable in plain areas only  Suitable for closely located individual households like slums and LIG colonies
Primary / Door to Door Collection Type 3-wheeler auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers small areas and short distances Models available  3-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.5 to 0.8 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Can collect waste from narrow lanes and congested areas. Type 3-wheeler auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers small areas and short distances Models available  3-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.5 to 0.8 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Can collect waste from narrow lanes and congested areas.
Primary / Door to Door Collection Type 4-wheeler mini van/auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle or to the treatment & disposal facility  Covers ward level areas and medium distances Models available  4-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.8 to 1.2 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations / municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Collection of waste from areas with steep slopes  Can collect waste from narrow lanes Type 4-wheeler mini van/auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle or to the treatment & disposal facility  Covers ward level areas and medium distances Models available  4-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.8 to 1.2 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations / municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Collection of waste from areas with steep slopes  Can collect waste from narrow lanes
Primary / Door to Door Collection Type Chute Collection System Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential, commercial and office buildings  Collection of waste directly into the bin  Covers one building Models available  The system can be designed to suit the requirement of the building and collection arrangements  The system can be gravity or pneumatic operated Suitable for  Collection of waste from residential apartments and high rise buildings  Collection of waste from office complexes  Direct collection of waste households and offices in corporations & municipalities  Very convenient system for high rise & tall structures Type Chute Collection System Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential, commercial and office buildings  Collection of waste directly into the bin  Covers one building Models available  The system can be designed to suit the requirement of the building and collection arrangements  The system can be gravity or pneumatic operated Suitable for  Collection of waste from residential apartments and high rise buildings  Collection of waste from office complexes  Direct collection of waste households and offices in corporations & municipalities  Very convenient system for high rise & tall structures
Secondary Collection Type Small Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential colonies, commercial areas and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the compactor / front end loader  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 60, 80, 90, 120, 140, 180, 240, 260, 270, 320, 340 and 360 lit capacity  Various colours are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for small municipalities  Suitable for areas where more bins are required to be placed in less area Type Small Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential colonies, commercial areas and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the compactor / front end loader  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 60, 80, 90, 120, 140, 180, 240, 260, 270, 320, 340 and 360 lit capacity  Various colours are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for small municipalities  Suitable for areas where more bins are required to be placed in less area
Secondary Collection Type Large Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, commercial areas, parks, markets and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls, malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the Compactors  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 500, 660, 770, 1000, 1100, 1700 and 2000 lit capacity  Various colours and shapes are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where medium quantity of waste is accumulated Type Large Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, commercial areas, parks, markets and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls, malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the Compactors  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 500, 660, 770, 1000, 1100, 1700 and 2000 lit capacity  Various colours and shapes are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where medium quantity of waste is accumulated
Secondary Collection Type Dumper Placer Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, commercial areas, parks and markets  Storage of waste at function halls and exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by dumper placer and transported to treatment & disposal facility  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 0.5 to 5m3 capacity  Various shapes and sizes can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where large quantity of waste is accumulated Type Dumper Placer Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, commercial areas, parks and markets  Storage of waste at function halls and exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by dumper placer and transported to treatment & disposal facility  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 0.5 to 5m3 capacity  Various shapes and sizes can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where large quantity of waste is accumulated
Secondary Collection Type Hook Loader Skips or Roll On – Roll Off Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from large community collection points, parks and markets  Storage of waste at exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and transported to treatment & disposal facility Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 9 to 40m3 capacity  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from large secondary collection points, parks, markets in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where very large quantity of waste is accumulated Type Hook Loader Skips or Roll On – Roll Off Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from large community collection points, parks and markets  Storage of waste at exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and transported to treatment & disposal facility Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 9 to 40m3 capacity  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from large secondary collection points, parks, markets in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where very large quantity of waste is accumulated
Secondary Collection Type Banks Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations Type Banks Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations
Secondary Collection Type Underground Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE / MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where organised waste collection is targeted Type Underground Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE / MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where organised waste collection is targeted
Secondary Transportation Type Open Body Trucks Application / Usage  Transportation of waste from open collection / community points and static containers / bins  Transportation of waste from medium to long distance depending upon the size of the truck Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3Ton to 25Ton vehicle capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small to medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves manual handling of waste which is not in compliance with MSW Rules, 2000 Type Open Body Trucks Application / Usage  Transportation of waste from open collection / community points and static containers / bins  Transportation of waste from medium to long distance depending upon the size of the truck Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3Ton to 25Ton vehicle capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small to medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves manual handling of waste which is not in compliance with MSW Rules, 2000
Secondary Transportation Type Compactors Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from short to long distance depending upon the size of the compactor Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3.5m3 to 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small & medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to unloading arm Type Compactors Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from short to long distance depending upon the size of the compactor Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3.5m3 to 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small & medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to unloading arm
Secondary Transportation Type Front End Loaders Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from medium to long distances depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging 14m3 and 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to the lifting arm Type Front End Loaders Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from medium to long distances depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging 14m3 and 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to the lifting arm
Secondary Transportation Type Auto Lifters or Small Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of small sizes  Transportation of waste to short distances Models available  Various manufactures available providing various size as per the requirements Suitable for  Suitable for small and medium municipalities for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm Type Auto Lifters or Small Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of small sizes  Transportation of waste to short distances Models available  Various manufactures available providing various size as per the requirements Suitable for  Suitable for small and medium municipalities for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm
Secondary Transportation Type Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of various sizes  Transportation of waste from short to medium distance depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing both single and dual loader dumper placers Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm Type Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of various sizes  Transportation of waste from short to medium distance depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing both single and dual loader dumper placers Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm
Secondary Transportation Type Hook Loaders Application / Usage  Transportation of hook loader skips or roll on – roll off bins  Transportation of waste to long distances  Transportation of bulk waste, garden waste, construction & demolition waste Models available  Various manufactures available providing the vehiclle to suit the requirement  Generally used hook loaders are 16ton or 25ton chassis with hook lifts Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system is suitable for transportation of high density bulky waste Type Hook Loaders Application / Usage  Transportation of hook loader skips or roll on – roll off bins  Transportation of waste to long distances  Transportation of bulk waste, garden waste, construction & demolition waste Models available  Various manufactures available providing the vehiclle to suit the requirement  Generally used hook loaders are 16ton or 25ton chassis with hook lifts Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system is suitable for transportation of high density bulky waste
Transfer Station & Tertiary Transport • Large quantities of waste • Large cities • Processing & disposal facilities located far away (> 20 km) • Transfer Station Capacity: Generally 300 MT/day for mechanised TS • Can act as buffer stations, recycling stations and decentralised processing facilities • Reduces cost of MSW management considerably
ICT Based MSW Management – ICT based Integrated MSW • Cluster level online weighment • Biometric attendance of field staff • RFID and geo fencing of each bin • CCTV surveillance of each bin • GPS tracking of vehicles • Real time monitoring of bins and vehicles • Dedicated Mobile App and Website • Interactions with Citizen through Facebook • Customer Care and Compliant Redressal System • Comprehensive and deviation report generation – ICT based Integrated MSW • Cluster level online weighment • Biometric attendance of field staff • RFID and geo fencing of each bin • CCTV surveillance of each bin • GPS tracking of vehicles • Real time monitoring of bins and vehicles • Dedicated Mobile App and Website • Interactions with Citizen through Facebook • Customer Care and Compliant Redressal System • Comprehensive and deviation report generation
ICT Based MSW Management
Underground Bin Collection System
Vacuum Collection System • The vacuum system is an interconnection of underground bins through underground pipes through which waste is collected in to the containers by creating vaccum / pressure difference. • The waste into the containers is compacted which are located at outskirts from where they can be transported without any hassles • With a vacuum system, nobody needs to come into contact with waste or containers. All full inlets are emptied at regular intervals via a control system in a terminal building on the periphery of the area. This terminal building is linked to the inlets by means of an underground pipe system. • The vacuum system eliminates the need for heavy waste collection trucks in the city centre. • The problem of over-full containers in the streets disappears as waste is emptied automatically as required • Waste will no longer attract pests or insects or release unpleasant odours • Digital technology provides information on individual units connected. The quantity and type of waste and the time are recorded. This method allows in case the user charges collection and tipping fee payments are involved • The vacuum system is an interconnection of underground bins through underground pipes through which waste is collected in to the containers by creating vaccum / pressure difference. • The waste into the containers is compacted which are located at outskirts from where they can be transported without any hassles • With a vacuum system, nobody needs to come into contact with waste or containers. All full inlets are emptied at regular intervals via a control system in a terminal building on the periphery of the area. This terminal building is linked to the inlets by means of an underground pipe system. • The vacuum system eliminates the need for heavy waste collection trucks in the city centre. • The problem of over-full containers in the streets disappears as waste is emptied automatically as required • Waste will no longer attract pests or insects or release unpleasant odours • Digital technology provides information on individual units connected. The quantity and type of waste and the time are recorded. This method allows in case the user charges collection and tipping fee payments are involved
Vacuum Collection System – Stationary
Vacuum Collection System – Mobile
Processing and DisposalProcessing and Disposal
Compost
Anaerobic Digestion  Anaerobic Digestion  Decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen  The Process  Digesting Organic Waste in Closed Vessel  Organic material is converted by series of bacteria into CH4 & CO2  This bio gas could be used for heating and energy conversion  The sludge / residue consisting bacterial biomass could be used as compost  Anaerobic Digestion  Decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen  The Process  Digesting Organic Waste in Closed Vessel  Organic material is converted by series of bacteria into CH4 & CO2  This bio gas could be used for heating and energy conversion  The sludge / residue consisting bacterial biomass could be used as compost
Refuse Derived Fuel  RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel  Process and separate the combustible and non-combustible portions of the MSW stream prior to combustion.  The combustible fraction is shredded into fluff or pelletized to be used as either fuel or mixed with another fuel and burned  RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel  Process and separate the combustible and non-combustible portions of the MSW stream prior to combustion.  The combustible fraction is shredded into fluff or pelletized to be used as either fuel or mixed with another fuel and burned
Incineration / Mass Burn  Incineration Means?  Controlled burning of MSW  Incineration Process  Drying – moisture is driven off  Ignition – solid waste is ignited  Burnout – Solid waste is gradually moved through the furnace by the grate subsystem where the combustible fraction of solid waste is burned out
Compost with WTE Option
Segregation of MSW & WTE Option
Segregation of MSW & WTE Option
ImplementationImplementation
Technology Options – MSW Processing
Technology Options – MSW Processing
Swachh Bharat Mission
Implementation Options Components Options Primary Collection NGOs Local resources BOT BOOT BOO BOT BOOT BOO DFBOOT Secondary Collection & Transportation O&M BOT BOOT BOO Transfer Station & Tertiary Transportation O&M BOT BOOT O&M BOT BOOT DFBOOT Transfer Station & Tertiary Transportation O&M BOT BOOT O&M BOT BOOT Processing EPC O&M DFBOOT DFBOOT DFBOOT Disposal EPC O&M DFBOOT Street Sweeping & Drain Cleaning Manpower O&M
Driving Factors for Private Sector’s Participation Government Funding Demand for Outputs Availability of Financing Increasing MSW Quantities PPP Business Model Legal Obligation of ULB Improving Quality of MSW
Challenges for ULBs • Funds – Capital as well as O&M Expenditure • Technical Expertise – Design, Estimates, Supervision, Monitoring, Environmental Protection • Commercial Competence – Project Feasibility • Bid Process Management – Bid Documents and Evaluation of proposals technically and financially • Skilled Manpower – to take up O&M • Availability of Land – Extent & Suitability of Land, Cost of Land and NIMBY • Business Approach – Mostly Capital Budget not Profit Centre • Funds – Capital as well as O&M Expenditure • Technical Expertise – Design, Estimates, Supervision, Monitoring, Environmental Protection • Commercial Competence – Project Feasibility • Bid Process Management – Bid Documents and Evaluation of proposals technically and financially • Skilled Manpower – to take up O&M • Availability of Land – Extent & Suitability of Land, Cost of Land and NIMBY • Business Approach – Mostly Capital Budget not Profit Centre
What PPP Partner Offers • Private Partner brings in Investment/Capital/Finance, Technology, Sector Expertise, Skilled Manpower • Private Partner Manages the project for 5 – 30 years • Improvement of service levels (mostly linked with payments) • Compliances with statutory requirements • Protection of Environment • Professional planning, execution and operations • Transparency in payments • Stakeholders can also monitor performance of concessionaire • Private Partner brings in Investment/Capital/Finance, Technology, Sector Expertise, Skilled Manpower • Private Partner Manages the project for 5 – 30 years • Improvement of service levels (mostly linked with payments) • Compliances with statutory requirements • Protection of Environment • Professional planning, execution and operations • Transparency in payments • Stakeholders can also monitor performance of concessionaire
Risks and Mitigations • Well Drafted Concession Agreement • Political will at the highest levelPolitical Risk • Accurate forecasting • Considering economic factors in assessing the payments like WPI Economic Risk • Stakeholder Consultation • Strict Monitoring • Campaigning • Compliance Social Risk • Phase wise Planning • Selection of already demonstrated technology for the quantity and quality of waste considered • Modular in nature Technological Risk
Bio-Mining and Open Dumps ReclamationBio-Mining and Open Dumps Reclamation
This is Not Hill StationThis is Not Hill Station
It’s Dump SiteIt’s Dump Site
Open DumpsOpen Dumps Stray animals, birds, rodents, insects, etc. Gaseous products i.e. methane, CO2, Volatile Organics, etc. to atmosphere Vehicle unloading As per CPCB report 2012-13 ULBs generate 1,33,760 TPD of MSW, of which only 91,152 TPD (68%) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD (19%) is treated. The MSW, therefore, dumped in low lying urban areas is a whopping 1,07,876 TPD (81%), which needs 2,12,752 cubic meter space every day and 776 hectare of precious land per year 48 Ground level Ground level Wastes Land Ground water
Is LandfillIs Landfill CappingCapping AA Solution?Solution?
BioBio--Mining and Land ReclamationMining and Land Reclamation •Revenue Generation - Extraction of Compost and Recyclables •Reclamation of precious land resources •Permanently mitigating pollution issues •Scope for new developments •Increase in surrounding land prices •Improved health and social conditions •Revenue Generation - Extraction of Compost and Recyclables •Reclamation of precious land resources •Permanently mitigating pollution issues •Scope for new developments •Increase in surrounding land prices •Improved health and social conditions
Material BalanceMaterial Balance Excavation, Stabilization and Processing of MSW Volatile and Moisture Loss (15%) Compost (40%) Compost (40%) Recyclables (5%) Inerts / Remnants (40%) * The material balance depends on characteristics of waste, age, burning activities and method of dumping
ProcessProcess Assess the Situation Excavation & Stabilization Sieving the Material Compost Recyclables Inerts / RemnantsCompost Mixing the Additives Packing & Storage Recyclables Storage and Sale Inerts / Remnants Landfill Cover
Cost EconomicsCost Economics •Case: 10 Ac open dump with 1 lakhs MT waste •Compost Produced: 40,000 MT •Recyclables: 5,000 MT •Inerts / Remnants: 40,000 MT Compost Production Cost: Rs.7.2Cr @ Rs.1800/MT Revenue: Rs.6 Cr @ Rs.1500/MT Net Loss: Rs.1.2Cr @ Rs.300/MT Recyclables Separation Cost: Rs.5Lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Revenue: Rs.5 lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Net Profit / Loss: Nil Inerts Area required to landfill 40,000 MT inerts is 2.5 Ac Cost of Landfill: Rs.1.8Cr Compost Production Cost: Rs.7.2Cr @ Rs.1800/MT Revenue: Rs.6 Cr @ Rs.1500/MT Net Loss: Rs.1.2Cr @ Rs.300/MT Recyclables Separation Cost: Rs.5Lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Revenue: Rs.5 lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Net Profit / Loss: Nil Inerts Area required to landfill 40,000 MT inerts is 2.5 Ac Cost of Landfill: Rs.1.8Cr Reclaim 7.5 acres of land with Rs.3 Cr cost i.e. Rs.40 lakhs/acre Environmental Cost Benefit needs to be assessed Make a choice between capping and bio-mining + reclamation
Thank You

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Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management

  • 1.
    Integrated Municipal SolidWaste Management Bashir Ahmed Shirazi Expert in Urban Infrastructure and Waste Management bashir.shirazi@gmail.com
  • 2.
    Growth in MSWGeneration – India • The MSW generation in India is expected to increase from 62 million MT in 2012 to 436 million MT per annum in 2050 @ 5% annual growth rate • The per capita generation in India 0.42kg/day which is relatively lower than the levels of 2kg/day of US • increasing urbanization and income levels would result in increase in per capita generation in India • 40% of India’s population by 2030 would reside in urban areas compared to 31% in 2011 • The MSW generation in India is expected to increase from 62 million MT in 2012 to 436 million MT per annum in 2050 @ 5% annual growth rate • The per capita generation in India 0.42kg/day which is relatively lower than the levels of 2kg/day of US • increasing urbanization and income levels would result in increase in per capita generation in India • 40% of India’s population by 2030 would reside in urban areas compared to 31% in 2011
  • 3.
    Components of MSW Integrated MSW Management Primary Collection Street Sweeping& Drain Cleaning Disposal Integrated MSW Management Secondary Storage & Transportation Transfer Station and Tertiary Transport Processing
  • 4.
  • 5.
    Primary / Doorto Door Collection Type Tricycle with bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households and commercial establishment s  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers streets and colonies  Can travel / cover very short distances  Manual operations involved Models available  The tricycles can be fabricated by the local vendors as per the requirements Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations / municipalities  Suitable in plain areas only  Suitable for closely located individual households like slums and LIG colonies Type Tricycle with bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households and commercial establishment s  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers streets and colonies  Can travel / cover very short distances  Manual operations involved Models available  The tricycles can be fabricated by the local vendors as per the requirements Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations / municipalities  Suitable in plain areas only  Suitable for closely located individual households like slums and LIG colonies
  • 6.
    Primary / Doorto Door Collection Type 3-wheeler auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers small areas and short distances Models available  3-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.5 to 0.8 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Can collect waste from narrow lanes and congested areas. Type 3-wheeler auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle  Covers small areas and short distances Models available  3-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.5 to 0.8 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Can collect waste from narrow lanes and congested areas.
  • 7.
    Primary / Doorto Door Collection Type 4-wheeler mini van/auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle or to the treatment & disposal facility  Covers ward level areas and medium distances Models available  4-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.8 to 1.2 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations / municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Collection of waste from areas with steep slopes  Can collect waste from narrow lanes Type 4-wheeler mini van/auto with tipping hopper Application / Usage  Collection of waste from households, commercial establishments and institutions  Collection of waste from open dumping points  Collection and transportation of street sweeping & drain cleaning silt  Transportation of waste to nearest bin or directly into the bigger vehicle or to the treatment & disposal facility  Covers ward level areas and medium distances Models available  4-wheeler auto are supplied by different manufacturers. The hopper can be designed for 0.8 to 1.2 m3 capacity. Suitable for  Door to door collection of waste from residential areas / colonies in corporations & municipalities  Direct collection of waste from commercial and institutional sources in corporations / municipalities  Direct collection of horticulture waste and street sweeping & drain cleaning silt in corporations & municipalities  Collection of waste from areas with steep slopes  Can collect waste from narrow lanes
  • 8.
    Primary / Doorto Door Collection Type Chute Collection System Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential, commercial and office buildings  Collection of waste directly into the bin  Covers one building Models available  The system can be designed to suit the requirement of the building and collection arrangements  The system can be gravity or pneumatic operated Suitable for  Collection of waste from residential apartments and high rise buildings  Collection of waste from office complexes  Direct collection of waste households and offices in corporations & municipalities  Very convenient system for high rise & tall structures Type Chute Collection System Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential, commercial and office buildings  Collection of waste directly into the bin  Covers one building Models available  The system can be designed to suit the requirement of the building and collection arrangements  The system can be gravity or pneumatic operated Suitable for  Collection of waste from residential apartments and high rise buildings  Collection of waste from office complexes  Direct collection of waste households and offices in corporations & municipalities  Very convenient system for high rise & tall structures
  • 9.
    Secondary Collection Type SmallMechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential colonies, commercial areas and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the compactor / front end loader  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 60, 80, 90, 120, 140, 180, 240, 260, 270, 320, 340 and 360 lit capacity  Various colours are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for small municipalities  Suitable for areas where more bins are required to be placed in less area Type Small Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from residential colonies, commercial areas and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the compactor / front end loader  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 60, 80, 90, 120, 140, 180, 240, 260, 270, 320, 340 and 360 lit capacity  Various colours are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for small municipalities  Suitable for areas where more bins are required to be placed in less area
  • 10.
    Secondary Collection Type LargeMechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, commercial areas, parks, markets and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls, malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the Compactors  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 500, 660, 770, 1000, 1100, 1700 and 2000 lit capacity  Various colours and shapes are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where medium quantity of waste is accumulated Type Large Mechanically Lifted Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, commercial areas, parks, markets and institutional premises  Storage of waste at hotels, function halls, malls and multiplexes  Stores the waste till it is being transported  Movable bins and easy to handle  The bins can be emptied mechanically into the Compactors  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE material  The bins are available in 500, 660, 770, 1000, 1100, 1700 and 2000 lit capacity  Various colours and shapes are available to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where medium quantity of waste is accumulated
  • 11.
    Secondary Collection Type DumperPlacer Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, commercial areas, parks and markets  Storage of waste at function halls and exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by dumper placer and transported to treatment & disposal facility  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 0.5 to 5m3 capacity  Various shapes and sizes can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where large quantity of waste is accumulated Type Dumper Placer Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, commercial areas, parks and markets  Storage of waste at function halls and exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by dumper placer and transported to treatment & disposal facility  Limited manual operations involved Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 0.5 to 5m3 capacity  Various shapes and sizes can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, communities, colonies and street side in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where large quantity of waste is accumulated
  • 12.
    Secondary Collection Type HookLoader Skips or Roll On – Roll Off Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from large community collection points, parks and markets  Storage of waste at exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and transported to treatment & disposal facility Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 9 to 40m3 capacity  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from large secondary collection points, parks, markets in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where very large quantity of waste is accumulated Type Hook Loader Skips or Roll On – Roll Off Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from large community collection points, parks and markets  Storage of waste at exhibitions / public gatherings  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be moved manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and transported to treatment & disposal facility Models available  Generally these bins are made of MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in 9 to 40m3 capacity  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users Suitable for  Waste collection from large secondary collection points, parks, markets in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where very large quantity of waste is accumulated
  • 13.
    Secondary Collection Type Banks Application/ Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations Type Banks Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for medium to large municipalities and corporations
  • 14.
    Secondary Collection Type UndergroundBins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE / MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where organised waste collection is targeted Type Underground Bins Application / Usage  Collection of waste from community collection points, residential colonies, parks, commercial areas, etc.  Storage of waste at function halls  Stores the waste till it is being transported  These bins can not be operated manually  The bins can be mechanically lifted by hook loaders and emptied into the vehicles Models available  Generally these bins are made of HDPE / MS with rust proof painting  The bins are available in capacities as required  The bins can be fabricated to suit the requirements of the users in different sizes & shapes Suitable for  Waste collection from secondary collection points, parks, residential colonies in corporations & municipalities  More suitable for large municipalities and corporations  Suitable for areas where organised waste collection is targeted
  • 15.
    Secondary Transportation Type OpenBody Trucks Application / Usage  Transportation of waste from open collection / community points and static containers / bins  Transportation of waste from medium to long distance depending upon the size of the truck Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3Ton to 25Ton vehicle capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small to medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves manual handling of waste which is not in compliance with MSW Rules, 2000 Type Open Body Trucks Application / Usage  Transportation of waste from open collection / community points and static containers / bins  Transportation of waste from medium to long distance depending upon the size of the truck Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3Ton to 25Ton vehicle capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small to medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves manual handling of waste which is not in compliance with MSW Rules, 2000
  • 16.
    Secondary Transportation Type Compactors Application/ Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from short to long distance depending upon the size of the compactor Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3.5m3 to 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small & medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to unloading arm Type Compactors Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from short to long distance depending upon the size of the compactor Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging from 3.5m3 to 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for small & medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to unloading arm
  • 17.
    Secondary Transportation Type FrontEnd Loaders Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from medium to long distances depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging 14m3 and 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to the lifting arm Type Front End Loaders Application / Usage  Collection and transportation of waste from compactor bins of all sizes  Transportation of waste from medium to long distances depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing the models ranging 14m3 and 18m3 capacity Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e dragging & connecting the bin to the lifting arm
  • 18.
    Secondary Transportation Type AutoLifters or Small Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of small sizes  Transportation of waste to short distances Models available  Various manufactures available providing various size as per the requirements Suitable for  Suitable for small and medium municipalities for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm Type Auto Lifters or Small Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of small sizes  Transportation of waste to short distances Models available  Various manufactures available providing various size as per the requirements Suitable for  Suitable for small and medium municipalities for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm
  • 19.
    Secondary Transportation Type DumperPlacers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of various sizes  Transportation of waste from short to medium distance depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing both single and dual loader dumper placers Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm Type Dumper Placers Application / Usage  Transportation of dumper bins of various sizes  Transportation of waste from short to medium distance depending upon the size of the vehicle Models available  Various manufactures available providing both single and dual loader dumper placers Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system involves limited manual handling i.e connecting the bin to loading arm
  • 20.
    Secondary Transportation Type HookLoaders Application / Usage  Transportation of hook loader skips or roll on – roll off bins  Transportation of waste to long distances  Transportation of bulk waste, garden waste, construction & demolition waste Models available  Various manufactures available providing the vehiclle to suit the requirement  Generally used hook loaders are 16ton or 25ton chassis with hook lifts Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system is suitable for transportation of high density bulky waste Type Hook Loaders Application / Usage  Transportation of hook loader skips or roll on – roll off bins  Transportation of waste to long distances  Transportation of bulk waste, garden waste, construction & demolition waste Models available  Various manufactures available providing the vehiclle to suit the requirement  Generally used hook loaders are 16ton or 25ton chassis with hook lifts Suitable for  Suitable for medium municipalities and corporations for transportation of waste  The system is suitable for transportation of high density bulky waste
  • 21.
    Transfer Station &Tertiary Transport • Large quantities of waste • Large cities • Processing & disposal facilities located far away (> 20 km) • Transfer Station Capacity: Generally 300 MT/day for mechanised TS • Can act as buffer stations, recycling stations and decentralised processing facilities • Reduces cost of MSW management considerably
  • 22.
    ICT Based MSWManagement – ICT based Integrated MSW • Cluster level online weighment • Biometric attendance of field staff • RFID and geo fencing of each bin • CCTV surveillance of each bin • GPS tracking of vehicles • Real time monitoring of bins and vehicles • Dedicated Mobile App and Website • Interactions with Citizen through Facebook • Customer Care and Compliant Redressal System • Comprehensive and deviation report generation – ICT based Integrated MSW • Cluster level online weighment • Biometric attendance of field staff • RFID and geo fencing of each bin • CCTV surveillance of each bin • GPS tracking of vehicles • Real time monitoring of bins and vehicles • Dedicated Mobile App and Website • Interactions with Citizen through Facebook • Customer Care and Compliant Redressal System • Comprehensive and deviation report generation
  • 23.
    ICT Based MSWManagement
  • 24.
  • 25.
    Vacuum Collection System •The vacuum system is an interconnection of underground bins through underground pipes through which waste is collected in to the containers by creating vaccum / pressure difference. • The waste into the containers is compacted which are located at outskirts from where they can be transported without any hassles • With a vacuum system, nobody needs to come into contact with waste or containers. All full inlets are emptied at regular intervals via a control system in a terminal building on the periphery of the area. This terminal building is linked to the inlets by means of an underground pipe system. • The vacuum system eliminates the need for heavy waste collection trucks in the city centre. • The problem of over-full containers in the streets disappears as waste is emptied automatically as required • Waste will no longer attract pests or insects or release unpleasant odours • Digital technology provides information on individual units connected. The quantity and type of waste and the time are recorded. This method allows in case the user charges collection and tipping fee payments are involved • The vacuum system is an interconnection of underground bins through underground pipes through which waste is collected in to the containers by creating vaccum / pressure difference. • The waste into the containers is compacted which are located at outskirts from where they can be transported without any hassles • With a vacuum system, nobody needs to come into contact with waste or containers. All full inlets are emptied at regular intervals via a control system in a terminal building on the periphery of the area. This terminal building is linked to the inlets by means of an underground pipe system. • The vacuum system eliminates the need for heavy waste collection trucks in the city centre. • The problem of over-full containers in the streets disappears as waste is emptied automatically as required • Waste will no longer attract pests or insects or release unpleasant odours • Digital technology provides information on individual units connected. The quantity and type of waste and the time are recorded. This method allows in case the user charges collection and tipping fee payments are involved
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    Anaerobic Digestion  AnaerobicDigestion  Decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen  The Process  Digesting Organic Waste in Closed Vessel  Organic material is converted by series of bacteria into CH4 & CO2  This bio gas could be used for heating and energy conversion  The sludge / residue consisting bacterial biomass could be used as compost  Anaerobic Digestion  Decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen  The Process  Digesting Organic Waste in Closed Vessel  Organic material is converted by series of bacteria into CH4 & CO2  This bio gas could be used for heating and energy conversion  The sludge / residue consisting bacterial biomass could be used as compost
  • 31.
    Refuse Derived Fuel RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel  Process and separate the combustible and non-combustible portions of the MSW stream prior to combustion.  The combustible fraction is shredded into fluff or pelletized to be used as either fuel or mixed with another fuel and burned  RDF – Refuse Derived Fuel  Process and separate the combustible and non-combustible portions of the MSW stream prior to combustion.  The combustible fraction is shredded into fluff or pelletized to be used as either fuel or mixed with another fuel and burned
  • 32.
    Incineration / MassBurn  Incineration Means?  Controlled burning of MSW  Incineration Process  Drying – moisture is driven off  Ignition – solid waste is ignited  Burnout – Solid waste is gradually moved through the furnace by the grate subsystem where the combustible fraction of solid waste is burned out
  • 33.
  • 34.
    Segregation of MSW& WTE Option
  • 35.
    Segregation of MSW& WTE Option
  • 36.
  • 37.
    Technology Options –MSW Processing
  • 38.
    Technology Options –MSW Processing
  • 39.
  • 40.
    Implementation Options Components Options PrimaryCollection NGOs Local resources BOT BOOT BOO BOT BOOT BOO DFBOOT Secondary Collection & Transportation O&M BOT BOOT BOO Transfer Station & Tertiary Transportation O&M BOT BOOT O&M BOT BOOT DFBOOT Transfer Station & Tertiary Transportation O&M BOT BOOT O&M BOT BOOT Processing EPC O&M DFBOOT DFBOOT DFBOOT Disposal EPC O&M DFBOOT Street Sweeping & Drain Cleaning Manpower O&M
  • 41.
    Driving Factors forPrivate Sector’s Participation Government Funding Demand for Outputs Availability of Financing Increasing MSW Quantities PPP Business Model Legal Obligation of ULB Improving Quality of MSW
  • 42.
    Challenges for ULBs •Funds – Capital as well as O&M Expenditure • Technical Expertise – Design, Estimates, Supervision, Monitoring, Environmental Protection • Commercial Competence – Project Feasibility • Bid Process Management – Bid Documents and Evaluation of proposals technically and financially • Skilled Manpower – to take up O&M • Availability of Land – Extent & Suitability of Land, Cost of Land and NIMBY • Business Approach – Mostly Capital Budget not Profit Centre • Funds – Capital as well as O&M Expenditure • Technical Expertise – Design, Estimates, Supervision, Monitoring, Environmental Protection • Commercial Competence – Project Feasibility • Bid Process Management – Bid Documents and Evaluation of proposals technically and financially • Skilled Manpower – to take up O&M • Availability of Land – Extent & Suitability of Land, Cost of Land and NIMBY • Business Approach – Mostly Capital Budget not Profit Centre
  • 43.
    What PPP PartnerOffers • Private Partner brings in Investment/Capital/Finance, Technology, Sector Expertise, Skilled Manpower • Private Partner Manages the project for 5 – 30 years • Improvement of service levels (mostly linked with payments) • Compliances with statutory requirements • Protection of Environment • Professional planning, execution and operations • Transparency in payments • Stakeholders can also monitor performance of concessionaire • Private Partner brings in Investment/Capital/Finance, Technology, Sector Expertise, Skilled Manpower • Private Partner Manages the project for 5 – 30 years • Improvement of service levels (mostly linked with payments) • Compliances with statutory requirements • Protection of Environment • Professional planning, execution and operations • Transparency in payments • Stakeholders can also monitor performance of concessionaire
  • 44.
    Risks and Mitigations •Well Drafted Concession Agreement • Political will at the highest levelPolitical Risk • Accurate forecasting • Considering economic factors in assessing the payments like WPI Economic Risk • Stakeholder Consultation • Strict Monitoring • Campaigning • Compliance Social Risk • Phase wise Planning • Selection of already demonstrated technology for the quantity and quality of waste considered • Modular in nature Technological Risk
  • 45.
    Bio-Mining and OpenDumps ReclamationBio-Mining and Open Dumps Reclamation
  • 46.
    This is NotHill StationThis is Not Hill Station
  • 47.
  • 48.
    Open DumpsOpen Dumps Strayanimals, birds, rodents, insects, etc. Gaseous products i.e. methane, CO2, Volatile Organics, etc. to atmosphere Vehicle unloading As per CPCB report 2012-13 ULBs generate 1,33,760 TPD of MSW, of which only 91,152 TPD (68%) waste is collected and 25,884 TPD (19%) is treated. The MSW, therefore, dumped in low lying urban areas is a whopping 1,07,876 TPD (81%), which needs 2,12,752 cubic meter space every day and 776 hectare of precious land per year 48 Ground level Ground level Wastes Land Ground water
  • 49.
    Is LandfillIs LandfillCappingCapping AA Solution?Solution?
  • 50.
    BioBio--Mining and LandReclamationMining and Land Reclamation •Revenue Generation - Extraction of Compost and Recyclables •Reclamation of precious land resources •Permanently mitigating pollution issues •Scope for new developments •Increase in surrounding land prices •Improved health and social conditions •Revenue Generation - Extraction of Compost and Recyclables •Reclamation of precious land resources •Permanently mitigating pollution issues •Scope for new developments •Increase in surrounding land prices •Improved health and social conditions
  • 51.
    Material BalanceMaterial Balance Excavation,Stabilization and Processing of MSW Volatile and Moisture Loss (15%) Compost (40%) Compost (40%) Recyclables (5%) Inerts / Remnants (40%) * The material balance depends on characteristics of waste, age, burning activities and method of dumping
  • 52.
    ProcessProcess Assess the Situation Excavation& Stabilization Sieving the Material Compost Recyclables Inerts / RemnantsCompost Mixing the Additives Packing & Storage Recyclables Storage and Sale Inerts / Remnants Landfill Cover
  • 53.
    Cost EconomicsCost Economics •Case:10 Ac open dump with 1 lakhs MT waste •Compost Produced: 40,000 MT •Recyclables: 5,000 MT •Inerts / Remnants: 40,000 MT Compost Production Cost: Rs.7.2Cr @ Rs.1800/MT Revenue: Rs.6 Cr @ Rs.1500/MT Net Loss: Rs.1.2Cr @ Rs.300/MT Recyclables Separation Cost: Rs.5Lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Revenue: Rs.5 lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Net Profit / Loss: Nil Inerts Area required to landfill 40,000 MT inerts is 2.5 Ac Cost of Landfill: Rs.1.8Cr Compost Production Cost: Rs.7.2Cr @ Rs.1800/MT Revenue: Rs.6 Cr @ Rs.1500/MT Net Loss: Rs.1.2Cr @ Rs.300/MT Recyclables Separation Cost: Rs.5Lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Revenue: Rs.5 lakhs @ Rs.100/MT Net Profit / Loss: Nil Inerts Area required to landfill 40,000 MT inerts is 2.5 Ac Cost of Landfill: Rs.1.8Cr Reclaim 7.5 acres of land with Rs.3 Cr cost i.e. Rs.40 lakhs/acre Environmental Cost Benefit needs to be assessed Make a choice between capping and bio-mining + reclamation
  • 54.