Intake and output monitoring involves recording the amount of fluids a patient consumes or is given, as well as the amount eliminated, over specific time periods. Intake includes oral intake, fluids administered intravenously or through tubes, and blood products. Output encompasses urine, vomit, drainage, and stool. Standard containers are used to measure intake and output in milliliters, and a positive or negative fluid balance is calculated by comparing total intake to total output.

1. INTAKE AND
OUTPUT

2. Intake and Output
INTAKE:
• In hospital, the amount of fluid ingested or infused in a given
period by a patient or health care professionals is recorded. Its
include:
1. Nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
2. Per oral
3. Intravenous infusion or blood product.
• Intake is measured and noted in milliliters.

3. NasogastrictubeorPEG Oralintake IntravenousInfusionorbloodproduct

4. OUTPUT:
The amount of fluid which is eliminated by body.
1. Urine
2. Vomitus
3. Drainage
4. NG aspiration
5. Watery Stool
• Output is measured and noted in milliliters.

5. AGUIDETO ROUTINE FLUID INTAKE MEASUREMENT
Standard measures to be used for fluid balancerecord atAKUH.
For maintainingintakeand outputmeasurement, the capacityof the
followingcontainersis set out here:
S.NO NAME OF CONTAINERS SERVING CAPACITY TOTAL CAPACITY
1. Soup /Tea Mug 200ml 250ml
2. Water Glass 250ml 250ml
3. Cereal Bowl 210ml 260ml
4. Dessert Bowl 110ml 150ml
5. Soup Bowl 210ml 300ml
6. Soup Flask 250ml 280ml
7. Tea Cup 250ml 250ml
8. Salad Bowl 230ml 270ml
9. Enteral Feed Glass 250ml 250ml
10. Crystal Glass 220ml 250ml
.
By AKUH

6. WITH PICTURES
CRYSTAL GLASS
WATER GLASS
SOUP/TEA
MUG
ENTERAL FEED
GLASS
TEA CUP SOUP FLASK
By AKUH

7. CONT……
DESSERT BOWL CEREAL BOWL SALAD BOWL
SOUP BOWL TABLE SPOON TEA SPOON
By AKUH

8. OTHER MEASUREMENTS
UTENSILS IN MILLILITRES
1. ONE OWNCE 30 ML
2. ONE TEA SPOON 5 ML
3. ONE TABLE SPOON 15 ML
4. ONE MEDICATION CUP 30 ML
5. ONE PINT 500 ML
6. ONE LITRE 1000 ML

9. INPUT/OUTPUT RECORD
SHEET (By AKUH)

10. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
BALANCE CONCEPT:
• If input is greater than output so, its called positive balance.
E.G : Total intake is 2000 ml and Total output is 1600 ml
2000 – 1600 = 400
400 is positive balance.
• If output is greater than input so, its called negative balance.
E.G : Total intake is 1500 ml and Total output is 2000 ml
1500 – 2000 = - 500
- 500 is negative balance.
• The difference of 500ml or less than 500ml between input and
output is normal but if it is more than 500 ml so, need to be
inform to concern doctor.

12. SCENARIO 1:Mr. XYZ, 40 years old (MR # 012-02-99) is admitted to the D I unit on April 21, 2015 with the
diagnosis of high grade fever. He is on strict intake and output monitoring. Following are the details of
24 hours intake and output. Record the data and result in I/O Sheet provided. Please indicate that
whether the patient is positive or negative balance.
MORNING SHIFT
Time Fluids Amount
1. 0800 hours TEA 200 ML
2. 0820 hours WATER 100 ML
3. 1340 hours URINE 350 ML
EVENING SHIFT
Time Fluids Amount
1. 1500 hours JUICE 200 ML
2. 1755 hours VOMITING 150 ML
3. 2000 hours ORS 100 ML
4. 2200 hours Watery stool
(yellow color)
200 ML
NIGHT SHIFT
Time Fluids Amount
2. 0200 hours WATER 200 ML

14. SCENARIO2:
Mr.ABC,28yearsold(MR#013-06-66)isadmittedtotheCIunitonJUNE2,2015with
thediagnosisofhighbloodpressure. Heisonstrictintakeandoutputmonitoring.
Followingarethedetailsof24hoursintakeandoutput.RecordthedataandresultinI/O
Sheetprovided.Pleaseindicatethatwhetherthepatientispositiveornegativebalance.
Time Fluids Amount
1. 0750 hours TEA 100 ML
2. 0855 hours WATER 30 ML
3. 1230 hours URINE 400 ML
4. 1500 hours VOMIT 250 ML
5. 1840 hours URINE 350 ML
6. 2000 hours VOMIT 200 ML
7. 2100 hours JUICE 50 ML
8. 0150 hours MILK 100 ML
9. 0500 hours SOLID STOOL ---

16. NEW SHEET:

17. SCENARIOFORHOMEPRACTICE:
Mr.HABIBAhmed,42yearsold(MR#161-23-42)isadmittedtotheD2uniton
MAY12,2015withthediagnosisof fever. Heisonstrictintakeandoutput
monitoring.Followingarethedetailsof24hoursintakeandoutput.Recordthe
dataandresultinI/OSheetprovided.Pleaseindicatethatwhetherthepatientis
positiveornegativebalance.
Time Fluids Amount
1. 1000 hours URINE 100 ML
2. 0800 hours WATER 200 ML
3. 1230 hours Watery STOOL (yellow
color)
200 ML
4. 1500 hours VOMIT 25 ML
5. 1840 hours JUICE 200 ML
6. 2000 hours VOMIT 200 ML
7. 2100 hours JUICE 200 ML
8. 0150 hours MILK 100 ML
9. 0500 hours TEA 200 ML

20. References:
Content reference:
• Intake and output - definition of intake and output by Medical dictionary. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intake+and+output
Images references:
• Retrieved from: http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/145264/530wm/C0082310-
Nasogastric_tube-SPL.jpg
• Retrieved from: http://www.myprimeyears.com/hnc/images/photos/800x600/peg1.jpg
• Retrieved from: http://www.krismbeal.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/water.jpg
• Retrieved from:
http://www.asdk12.org/staff/johansen_annette/pages/webPics/vomiting.jpg
• Retrieved from: http://dxline.info/img/new_ail/urine-drainage-bags_2.jpg