3. Important points
• Check for an order –intake output (I&O)
measurement . Hourly/ 24hours
• Review record and analyze trend in I&O
measurement , vital sign, lab finding, weight.
• Inspect all IV fluids –Drip/infusions
• Notice – Suction container, drainage
• Inform patient & family the plan for I&O
measurement
• Keep a paper and pen at bed side
4. Intake
• All fluid entering body
• ENTERAL- WATER,JUICE ,JUICE,MILK, feeding
via naso gastric or PEG tube.......
• PARENTERAL- IV FLUID / (TPN )FEEDING /
BLOOD TRANSFUSION/
FLUSH/MEDICATION..........
5. OUTPUT
• FLUID LEAVING BODY
• URINE,DIARRHEA,VOMITING,DRAINAGE- NG
drainage, INTERCOSTAL/
COLOSTOMY,ILEOSTOMY, BLEEDING, WOUND
DRAINAGE etc
6. Intake and Output calculation
• Normally intake should be = to output
• If intake is more than output you call it as
POSITIVE BALANCE.
• If Output is more than intake you call it as
NEGATIVE BALANCE
9. Calculate intake for 12 hours
• A patient recorded following in a sheet
• Breakfast – 1egg, toast -2,one cup of
coffee(180ml) and small orange juice(120ml)
• Lunch sandwich ,apple , one glass tea (240ml)
• Dinner – chicken, rice, 2 glass tea
• Between meal : 4 glasses of water(one glass
water 120ml)
• IV fluid (Nacl) =30ml/hour
10. Answer =Calculate intake for 12 hours
• one cup of coffee=180ml.
• orange juice= 120
• Three glass tea = 3 x 240 = 720ml
• 4 glasses of water= 120 x 4 = 480ml
• IV fluid (Nacl) =30ml/hour x 12 hours = 360ml
TOTAL INTAKE FOR 12 HOURS =
180+120+720+480+360= 1860ml.
12. Calculate output for 12 hours
• A patient recorded the following amount
voided on a sheet of paper.
• 400ml at 7:00am; 100ml at 10:00am;at 12
noon 200ml;150ml at 2:00pm;400ml at
6:00pm.
• Nurse emptied 300 cc from wound drainage
bag , patient vomited 100cc at 4:00pm
• What is out put for 12 hours
13. Answer output for 12 hours
• Urine voided = 400ml + 100ml+200ml+150ml
+400ml = 1250ml.
• wound drainage =300 cc
• Vomited 100cc
Total out put for 12 hours = 1250+300+100 =
1650ml
14. Calculate the I&O BALANCE
TOTAL INTAKE FOR 12 HOURS = 1860ml.
Total out put for 12 hours = 1650ml
• Intake – Output = Balance
• 1860 – 1650 = + 210ml
Interpretation = Positive balance
15. What is the I&O BALANCE if :
TOTAL INTAKE FOR 12 HOURS =1650ml
Total out put for 12 hours =1860ml
• Intake – Output = Balance
• 1650 –1860= - 210ml
• Interpretation = negative balance
