The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It describes how operating systems manage computer hardware and software resources, provide common services to programs, and how the most common operating systems are Windows and MacOS. It provides several methods to identify the specific Windows or MacOS version running on a computer. The document also discusses the history and versions of Windows, MacOS, and Android operating systems.

1. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
1
04.2
Information Systems:
Software
(Operating Systems)

2. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
2
Which was the first European
settlement in what today is the
continental US?
a) Williamsburg
b) Plymouth
c) Saint Augustine
d) Jamestown

3. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
3
Operating
Systems
Computer
Software
File
Systems
Downloading
Files
File
Management

4. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Operating
Systems
Information Systems
Software

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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An operating system (OS) is
system software that manages
computer hardware and software
resources and provides common
services for computer programs.
Nearly every computer program
requires an operating system to
function.
The two most common operating
systems are Microsoft Windows
and Apple’s MacOS.

6. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
6
To identify your operating system, start by narrowing
down which brand of OS you have.
Often you can determine whether you are running
Windows or MacOS without even turning on your
computer:
• Is there an Apple logo somewhere on your computer?
• Does your computer have a Command key (⌘) on
the keyboard?
• Was your computer purchased at an Apple store?
If the answer to any of those questions is yes, then you
most likely have a computer that runs MacOS.
Do you have Win or MacOS?

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Another good way to see whether you are running
Windows or Mac is simply to turn the computer on.
As the operating system boots up, it will display a logo.
A Windows logo means you are running Windows,
while an Apple logo means you are running MacOS.
If you have determined that you are running Windows,
there are many methods to determine your specific
operating system, not all of which are listed here.
It doesn’t matter which method you use; what’s
important is figuring out which operating system you
have. If one method doesn’t work, try another.
Do you have Win or MacOS?

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Press the Windows key (at
the bottom of the keyboard,
looks like four squares )
and R key at the same time
to open the Run dialog box.
Type in “winver.”
Click OK.
Which Win version?
Method #1

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Method #1

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Open the Start menu by clicking the
bottom left-hand corner of your screen.
If you see a search text box, select it and
then type “about” or “about your pc.”
If you do not see a search text box, then
just start typing “about” or “about your
pc.”
Select About your PC. If you do not see
About your PC, try a different method.
Which Win version?
Method #2

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Method #2

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Open the Start menu by
clicking the bottom left-
hand corner of your
screen.
Right-click on
Computer, then select
Properties.
Which Win version?
Method #3

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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This computer is
running Windows 7
Professional with a 64-
bit operating system.
Which Win version?
Method #3

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Which Win version?
Method #4
Open the Start menu by clicking the bottom
left-hand corner of your screen.
If you see a search text box, select it and then
type “System Information” in the search box.
If you do not see a search text box, then just
start typing “system” or “system
information.”
Select System Information under Programs.
If you do not see System Information, try a
different method.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Which Win
version?
Method #4
This computer is
running Windows
7 Professional
with a 64-bit
operating system.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Are you a Mac? Are you a PC?
Ever since its introduction in 1984, users of the Apple Macintosh
have been quite biased about their preference for the Macintosh
operating system over Microsoft’s.
Mac vs. Windows

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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When Microsoft introduced Windows, Apple sued Microsoft,
claiming that they copied the “look and feel” of the Macintosh
operating system.
In the end, Microsoft successfully defended themselves.
Mac vs. Windows

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
18
Over the past few years, Microsoft and
Apple have traded barbs with each other,
each claiming to have a better operating
system and software.
While Microsoft has always had the larger
market share, Apple has been the favorite
of artists, musicians, and the technology
elite.
Apple also provides a lot of computers to
elementary schools, thus gaining a
following among the younger generation.
Mac vs. Windows

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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If you’ve worked in the world of business,
you may have noticed that almost all of the
computers run a version of Microsoft’s
Windows operating system. Why is this?
On almost all college campuses, you see a
preponderance of Apple Macintosh
laptops. In elementary schools, Apple
reigns as well.
Why has this not extended into the
business world?
Why Is Microsoft Software so
dominant in the Business World

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Almost all businesses used IBM
mainframe computers back in the 1960s
and 1970s.
These same businesses shied away from
personal computers until IBM released
the PC in 1981.
When executives had to make a decision
about purchasing personal computers
for their employees, they would choose
the safe route and purchase IBM.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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The saying then was: “No one ever got
fired for buying IBM.”
So over the next decade, companies
bought IBM personal computers (or those
compatible with them), which ran an
operating system called DOS.
DOS was created by Microsoft, so when
Microsoft released Windows as the next
iteration of DOS, companies took the safe
route and started purchasing Windows.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Microsoft soon found itself with the
dominant personal-computer operating
system for businesses.
As the networked personal computer
began to replace the mainframe
computer as the primary way of
computing inside businesses, it became
essential for Microsoft to give
businesses the ability to administer and
secure their networks.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Microsoft developed business-level
server products to go along with their
personal computer products, thereby
providing a complete business solution.
And so now, the saying goes: “No one
ever got fired for buying Microsoft.”

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Windows 1 (1985)
Windows 2 (1987)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
27
Windows 3 (1990) Windows 3.1 (1992)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Windows 3.3 (1994)
Windows NT (1993)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Windows 95 (1995) Windows 98 (1998)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Windows ME (2000) Windows 2000 (2000)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
31
Windows XP (2001) Windows Vista (2007)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
32
Windows 7 (2009) Windows 8 (2012)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
33
Windows 8.1 (2013) Windows 10 (2014)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
34
Windows 11 (2021) Windows 12 (??)

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
1.3. Operating Systems
35
Functions of an Operating System
(2022) 12
Monterey
(2023) 13
Ventura
(2024) 14
Sonoma

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Android 1.5, Cupcake: April 2009
Android 1.6, Donut: September 2009
Android 2.0-2.1, Eclair: October 2009
Android 2.2-2.2.3, Froyo: May 2010
Android 2.3-2.3.7, Gingerbread: December 2010
Android 3.0-3.2.6, Honeycomb: February 2011
Android 4.0-4.0.4, Ice Cream Sandwich: October 2011
Android 4.1-4.3.1, Jelly Bean: July 2012
Android 4.4-4.4.4, KitKat: October 2013
Android 5.0-5.1.1, Lollipop: November 2014
Android 6.0-6.0.1, Marshmallow: October 2015
Android 7.0-7.1.2, Nougat: August 2016
Android 8.0-8.1, Oreo: August 2017
Android 9.0, Pie: August 2018
Android 10.0: September 2019
Android 11.0: September 2020
Android 12.0: October 2021
Android 13.0: August 2022

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Some Linux Distros (Distributions)
Debian
Fedora
ArchLinux
Linux Mint
Open Suse
Tails
Ubuntu
Manjaro
Zorin
Sparky
Kali

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Which OS do you have in your
PC or Laptop?

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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Which OS do you have in your
cellular phone?

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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42. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
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The software gives the instructions that tell the hardware what to
do.
There are two basic categories of software: operating systems
and applications.
Operating systems provide
access to the computer
hardware and make system
resources available.
Application software is
designed to meet a specific
goal.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
43
Productivity software is a subset of
application software that provides basic
business functionality to a personal
computer: word processing, spreadsheets,
and presentations.
An ERP system is a software application with
a centralized database that is implemented
across the entire organization.
Cloud computing is a method of software
delivery that runs on any computer that has a
web browser and access to the Internet.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
44
Software is developed through a
process called programming, in which
a programmer uses a programming
language to put together the logic
needed to create the program.
While most software is developed
using a closed-source model, the open-
source movement is gaining more
support today.

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4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
45

46. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)

47. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
Textbook
47
https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_
Georges_Community_College/INT_1010%
3A_Concepts_in_Computing
Purchase of a book is not
required.

48. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
Professor C
48
castellr@pgcc.edu
eLearning Expert
BS in Systems Engineering
MS in Systems Engineering
HC Dr in Education
IT Professor | Spanish Instructor
LCINT1010.wordpress.com
Presentation created in 01/2022.
Slides last updated on 10/2023

49. Introduction to Information Technology
4.2. Information Systems: Software (Operating Systems)
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
49
04.2
Information Systems:
Software
(Operating Systems)