The document discusses the design of a database for a university to track student club participation. A design team determined that tables were needed to track clubs, students, club memberships, and club events. The team defined the fields for each table, including primary keys. Examples of normalized database tables are also provided, along with explanations of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms. Additional database topics like data types, file-based systems, and database security are also briefly covered.
In this PPT, you will learn:
• The difference between data and information
• What a database is, the various types of databases, and why they are valuable assets for
decision making
• The importance of database design
• How modern databases evolved from file systems
• About flaws in file system data management
• The main components of the database system
• The main functions of a database management system (DBMS)
Dbms lifecycle. ..Database System Development LifecycleNimrakhan89
The database development life cycle (DDLC) is a process of designing, implementing and maintaining a database system to meet strategic or operational information needs of an organisation or enterprise such as: Improved customer support and customer satisfaction. Better production management.
● Why Databases?
● Why Database Design is Important?
● The Database System Environment and Functions.
● Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus.
Database Development Process: A core aspect of software engineering is the subdivision of the development process into a series of phases, or steps, each of which focuses on one part of the development.
In this PPT, you will learn:
• The difference between data and information
• What a database is, the various types of databases, and why they are valuable assets for
decision making
• The importance of database design
• How modern databases evolved from file systems
• About flaws in file system data management
• The main components of the database system
• The main functions of a database management system (DBMS)
Dbms lifecycle. ..Database System Development LifecycleNimrakhan89
The database development life cycle (DDLC) is a process of designing, implementing and maintaining a database system to meet strategic or operational information needs of an organisation or enterprise such as: Improved customer support and customer satisfaction. Better production management.
● Why Databases?
● Why Database Design is Important?
● The Database System Environment and Functions.
● Managing the Database System: A Shift in Focus.
Database Development Process: A core aspect of software engineering is the subdivision of the development process into a series of phases, or steps, each of which focuses on one part of the development.
This presentation gives an overview of Databases and Term used in used in Databases Aspect. It also, help you to understand the clear description of Database Learning. Best Suited for Beginners and advanced level learners.
This presentation gives an overview of Databases and Term used in used in Databases Aspect. It also, help you to understand the clear description of Database Learning. Best Suited for Beginners and advanced level learners.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
INT 1010 07-6.pdf
1. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
1
07.6
Databases:
Designing a Database
2. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
2
Data and
Databases
Before
Databases
Relational
Model
Databases and
security
Database
concepts
Database
design
5. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
5
Suppose a university wants to create an information system to track
participation in student clubs.
After interviewing several people, the design team learns that the goal of
implementing the system is to give better insight into how the university funds
clubs.
This will be accomplished by tracking how many members each club has and
how active the clubs are.
From this, the team decides that the system must keep track of the clubs, their
members, and their events.
6. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
6
Using this information, the design team determines that the following tables
need to be created:
• Clubs: this will track the club name, the club president, and a short description of the club.
• Students: student name, e-mail, and year of birth.
• Memberships: this table will correlate students with clubs, allowing us to have any given
student join multiple clubs.
• Events: this table will track when the clubs meet and how many students showed up.
7. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
7
There are three (3) possible
relationships in DataBase:
8. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
8
Now that the design team has determined which tables to create, they need to
define the specific information that each table will hold. This requires
identifying the fields that will be in each table. • Events
• Clubs
• Memberships
• Students
Events Clubs Memberships Students
FName
LName
email
BirthYear
ClubName
President
ShortDesc
EventName
EventDate
Attendance
Every table should have a field in common
with at least one other table!
A primary key must be
selected for each table
StudID
ClubID
EventID
StudID
ClubID
ClubID
9. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
9
Here’s what the
database tables
might look like
with some sample
data.
10. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
10
Normalization
Database normalization is a process used
to organize a database into tables and
columns.
There are three main forms: 1st normal
form, 2nd normal form, and 3rd normal
form.
The main idea is each table should be
about a specific topic and only supporting
topics included.
https://www.essentialsql.com/database-normalization/
11. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
11
Reasons for Database
Normalization
There are three main reasons to
normalize a database.
1. to minimize duplicate data
2. to minimize or avoid data
modification issues, and
3. to simplify queries.
https://www.essentialsql.com/database-
normalization/
12. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
12
Normal forms
Normal forms are a series of guidelines
for ensuring that databases are
normalized. They are numbered from one
(the lowest form of normalization,
referred to as first normal form or 1NF)
through five (fifth normal form or 5NF).
https://www.lifewire.com/database-
normalization-basics-1019735/
13. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
13
1NF (1st Normal Form)
✓ Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
✓ Create separate tables for each group of related data
and identify each row with a unique column or set of
columns (the primary key).
2NF (2nd Normal Form)
✓ Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of
a table and place them in separate tables.
✓ Create relationships between these new tables and
their predecessors through the use of foreign keys.
3NF (3rd Normal Form)
✓ Remove columns that are not dependent upon the
primary key.
https://www.lifewire.com/database-
normalization-basics-1019735/
14. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
14
1NF
✓ Eliminate duplicative columns from
the same table.
✓ Create separate tables for each group
of related data and identify each row
with a unique column or set of
columns (the primary key).
15. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
15
2NF ✓ Create relationships between
these new tables and their
predecessors through the use
of foreign keys.
✓ Remove subsets of
data that apply to
multiple rows of a
table and place them
in separate tables.
16. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
16
3NF
✓ Remove columns that
are not dependent upon
the primary key.
18. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
18
• Data are the raw bits and pieces of
information with no context.
• Information is data with context and
has usefulness.
• Knowledge is information (Data in
context) that is analyzed and aggregated
to make decisions.
• A database is a digital collection of
related information to transform data
into information in order to generate
knowledge that can be used for decision
making.
19. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
19
• There are three main data types:
structured, unstructured, and semi-
structured.
• Before database systems, computers relied
on a much less elegant and costly approach
to data management called the file-based
system. A file-based system is a collection
of application programs that perform
services for the users wishing to access
information.
• A database management system
(DBMS) is a collection of programs that
enables users to create and maintain
databases and control all access to them.
20. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
20
• There are four main distribution
systems for database systems:
Centralized systems, Distributed database
systems, Homogeneous distributed
database systems, and Heterogeneous
distributed database systems.
• A data warehouse is a centralized view
of all data being collected across the
enterprise and provides a means for
determining data that is inconsistent.
• Data mining is the process of analyzing
data to find previously unknown trends,
patterns, and associations in order to
make decisions.
21. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
21
• It is the confidentiality, integrity, and availability
(CIA) of the data in a database that needs to be
protected.
• The causes of Database Breaches are Threats
and Vulnerabilities.
• Protect yourself better by a) keeping passwords
to yourself, b) use different passwords for different
accounts, c) use strong passwords, d) check your
credit reports annually, e) control physical access
to your devices, and f) remember to log out or lock
your computer when you are finished using it.
27. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
Textbook
27
https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_
Georges_Community_College/INT_1010%
3A_Concepts_in_Computing
Purchase of a book is not
required.
28. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
Professor C
28
castellr@pgcc.edu
eLearning Expert
BS & MS in Systems Engineering
BS & MS in Military Science and Arts
HC Dr in Education
IT Professor | Spanish & GED Instructor
LCINT1010.wordpress.com
Presentation created in 01/2022.
Slides last updated on 06/2023
29. Introduction to Information Technology
7.6. Databases: Designing a Database
Introduction to Information Technology
INT-1010
Prof C
Luis R Castellanos
29
07.6
Databases:
Designing a Database