4. What?
An Operating System (OS) is e set of application that
manages the computer hardware provides common services
for application software.
Applications
Operating System
Hardware
Operating System 2011/2012
5. OS task
An OS must:
- take trace to the resources
- adopt strategies for resource assignment
- allocate and recover resources
Operating System
Process
Management
Memory
Management
Graphical
User Interface
Network
Operating System 2011/2012
File
System
Security
Device
Drive
Interrupts
I/O
7. MS-DOS
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MicroSoft - Disk Operating System
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Developed by Microsoft Corporation for IBM
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Born in 1982
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No user interface, use of terminal
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Main functionality: data management
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Mono-user
●
mono-task
Operating System 2011/2012
8. Windows 1.0
●
Announced in 1983 but first release 1985
●
An evolution of MS-DOS
●
More than a new OS, it has a GUI for DOS
●
Limited functionalities due to a license conflict with Apple:
●
no overlapping windows
●
no “Trash Box”
Operating System 2011/2012
10. Windows 2.0
●
Released in 1987.
●
Apple conflict solved due to a contract subscription.
●
New application such as Word, Excel, Corel Draw.
●
Aldus releases the first version of Pagemaker available only
for Mac.
●
Last OS installable using floppy disk.
●
Introduces: Control Panel, Icons and Menu bar and Dialog
Box.
Operating System 2011/2012
12. Windows 3.0
●
Released in 1990
●
Great success due to:
●
improved native functionalities
●
better multi-tasking
●
First PC to be a valid competitor to Mac
●
10 million copies in two years
Operating System 2011/2012
14. Microsoft Bob
●
●
●
●
Microsoft first big flop
Due to the great success of Win 3.x the company decides to
launch MS Windows Bob substituting the desktop paradigm
to the house representation where each object is an
application.
Fail duo to:
●
great costs
●
useless
●
high minimum requirements
Some ideas are still used in Microsoft Office Assistant.
Operating System 2011/2012
16. Windows 3.1
●
Different improvement from Windows 3.0
●
Many bugs corrected.
●
Multimedia and first audio support
●
Files with longer names that 8 byte
●
Intranet to connect many computers
●
Besides the lack of important improvement Windows gains a
lot of popularities due to the graphical interface
Operating System 2011/2012
17. Windows NT
●
Windows New Technology, that Microsoft appear as a
parallel distribution
●
Too much hardware requirement
●
Lack of third parts drive
●
Its characteristics are suitable for LAN servers due to
advance networking tools and the efficient NTFS;
●
New 32bit API called Win32
Operating System 2011/2012
18. Windows 95
After Win 3.1 Microsoft begins developing a new OS aimed
to be more stable;
●
It must fully support a pre-emptive multitasking and be a
32bit system;
●
Microsoft did not port all the code making it still unstable
and inefficient;
●
Up to 2 GB memory addressing;
●
Internet support and Plug and Play functionalities;
●
Start button and Application bar make their first appearance.
●
USB and FAT32 support
●
First release of Internet Explorer
●
Operating System 2011/2012
20. Windows NT 4.0
●
Released in 1996
●
Dedicated to workstation with a Win95 user interface based
on NT kernel
●
More stable that Win95 but less flexible due to hardware
virtualization and the API access
●
The overhead introduced by API exploitation make
application run slowly and in particular using games
●
Not suitable for beginners
Operating System 2011/2012
21. Windows 98
●
Released in June 1998;
●
New hardware drives;
●
Introduced FAT32 to support disks larger then 2GB;
●
Internet Explorer become a part of OS distribution;
●
New support for DVD;
●
New support for USB;
●
In 1999 an improved version with several bug fixed was
released called “Win 98 Second Edition”;
Operating System 2011/2012
23. Windows 2000
Released in January 2000
●
Initially called NT 5.0
●
Great success for severs and workstations
●
The Win98 GUI makes it user friendly.
●
A Professional version was designed for CAD, graphical,
mathematical calculus;
●
In 2001 a 64 bit version was released with Itanium/2
processors;
●
NEW: Active Directory, Distributed FS and Encrypted FS,
DirectX, Background Intelligent Transfer System (BITS);
●
Not suitable for beginners;
●
Operating System 2011/2012
25. Windows ME
ME stays for Millennium Edition;
●
Second Microsoft big flop;
●
Built in less then one year;
●
Included:
●
Internet Explorer 5.5,
●
Windows Media Player 7
●
Windows Movie Maker
●
Improved:
●
System utility
●
Network Technologies
●
Automatic update
●
Compressed folder
●
PC World named it the "Mistake Edition"
●
Operating System 2011/2012
27. Windows XP
XP stays for eXPerience
●
Released in 2001 is the first OS unifying Windows NT/2000
and Windows 3.1/95/98/ME
●
Makes use of Win NT kernel
●
Multi-user system
●
The most long-lived (5 years);
●
Distributed in two different version Home (beginners) and
Professional (small enterprises);
●
PC Security Center: firewall, anti-virus and windows update;
●
The first Long Time Release (LTS), Service Package 4 will
be supported up to 2014.
●
Operating System 2011/2012
29. Windows Server 2003
●
Extended Win XP functionalities for servers
●
Volume Shadow Copy Restore
●
Internet Information Services 6
●
802.1X
●
Administration tools
●
Terminal Server
●
Internal firewall
●
Limit the activation of useless services
Operating System 2011/2012
30. Windows Vista
Released in January 2007
●
It took 4 years to get to the market (in 2004 Microsoft
deleted all the work done so far and begin from the Win
2003 Server)
●
New Stack TCP/IP with IPv6 support
●
New GUI called Windows AERO (Authentic, Energetic,
Reflective and Open)
●
Framework .NET 3.0 integration
●
Too much memory and processor consumption
●
Many incompatible applications
●
Over 70 services and functionalities send to Microsoft
personal information
●
Operating System 2011/2012
32. Windows 7
●
Released in October 2009 based on Win Vista
●
Performance improved for multi-core processors
●
Innovative interface for multi touch screen
●
Support for Virtual Disks even for boot
●
RemoteFX: en extension of RDP (Remote Desktop
Protocol);
●
Dynamic Memory: dynamic memory management for
virtual machines;
Operating System 2011/2012
35. Unix/Linux some history
●
●
1969: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T
Bell Laboratories) conceived and implemented the Unix OS.
1977, the UC Berkeley developed the Berkeley Software
Distribution (BSD). It was based on the 6th edition of Unix
from AT&T.
Operating System 2011/2012
36. Unix/Linux some history
1987: MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic
use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum.
●
1991: Linus Torvalds, in Helsinki, began a project that later
became the Linux kernel.
●
Operating System 2011/2012
39. Debian
●
One of the oldest distribution (since 1993)
●
First release based on voluntarism (no enterprise involved)
●
General purpose supporting many architectures
●
Slow development (LTS each 2 years)
●
Particular attention to the security (the Debian Security Team
releases the vulnerability fix in 4h)
●
Three stability level: Stable (squeeze), Testing (wheezy) and
Unstable (sid)
●
APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) though Synaptic
Operating System 2011/2012
42. Ubuntu
●
From an ancient African language “From humanity to man”
●
Born on 2004 and Debian based
●
Same attention to the free software
●
New releases every 6 months (April and October) but LTS
(Long Term Support) every 2 years
●
More user friendly then Debian but less packages
●
A Linux alternative to beginners
Operating System 2011/2012
44. Knoppix/Gnoppix
●
Distributed from 2002
●
Based on Debian
●
Oriented to Live CD
●
Good for beginners
●
Gnoppix uses GNOME (GNu Object Model Environment)
●
Knoppix uses KDE (Common Desktop Environment)
Operating System 2011/2012
46. BackTrack
●
Distributed from 2006
●
Based on Debian (R4)
●
Comes with the fusion of WHAX and Auditor Security
Collection and is used for penetration testing;
●
Frequently updated (every week)
●
Security oriented (more than 300 tools)
●
Not for beginners
●
Only 32 bit version
●
Financed by the Offensive Security
Operating System 2011/2012
48. RedHat/Fedora Core
●
Distributed from 1993
●
Red hat symbol of freedom
●
Package manager based on rpm
●
Red-hat remain an Enterprise oriented version
●
With fee, service included
●
From 2004 a new free version, Fedora core, with no
assistance included.
●
Only for i686 architecture
Operating System 2011/2012
50. CentOS
●
Born in 2004;
●
Community ENTerprise Operating System;
●
Comes from Red Hat Enterprise Linux and is oriented to
professional use;
●
No assistance
●
New logo (RedHat is a brand)
●
Very popular to web servers
Operating System 2011/2012
52. SuSE
●
The first version appeared in early 1994, making SUSE the
oldest existing commercial distribution.
●
“Software und System-Entwicklung”, meaning “Software
and systems development”;
●
Package based on rpm
●
YATS (Yet Another Setup Tool)
●
Acquired from Novell together with Ximian
Operating System 2011/2012
54. Mandrake/Mandriva
●
Born in 1998
●
Package based on rpm
●
Main distribution is free but some packages with fee called
Powerpack.
●
Easy for beginners
●
In 2004 it changes its name due to a brand issue
Operating System 2011/2012
56. Slackware
●
One of the oldest, born in 1993
●
It is the more Unix like
●
“When you know Slackware, you know Linux... when you
know Red Hat, all you know is Red Hat”
●
Packages based on simple archives tgz
●
No dependency/conflict concept
●
Bovet and Cesati, the authors of “Understanding the LINUX
Kernel”
Operating System 2011/2012
58. Gentoo
●
Born in 2002
●
Distribution source oriented
●
Packages are some shell script (.ebuild) containing the
instructions how to download and compile sorces;
●
Automatic management of dependences
●
Very flexible
●
Not for beginners
Operating System 2011/2012
61. Mac OS
●
Born in 1984;
●
Lack of command line;
●
First to introduce the “mouse” concept and device;
●
Its strength: an accurate user-interface;
●
Closed and custom desktop operating system;
●
The first OS was developed in Assembly and Paskal, for
CISC Motorola 68000 microprocessor.
●
Afterwards its adapted for RISC PowerPC, architecture and
finally for Inter processor;
Operating System 2011/2012
64. Mac OS X
●
Apple tried to port the Mac OS code for the new architecture
but soon realized that it was inefficient;
●
The decision was to adapt a pre-existing code;
●
In 2001 MacOS X was developed as a product of Unix
(BSD) and OpenStep (Microkernel Mach);
●
Many components developed in Objective C;
●
X stays for 10. No new versions but branches;
Operating System 2011/2012
68. Mobile OS
OS
First release
Last release
Owner
Android
Android 1.0
September 2008
Android 4.0
May 2011
Open Handset
Alliance
BlackBerry
BlackBerry 1.0
January 1999
BlackBerry 7.0
May 2011
Research In
Motion
iOS
iOS 1.x
June 2007
iOS 5.x
June 2011
Apple
Symbian
Symbian 1
October 2008
Symbian Belle
August 2011
Nokia
(Accenture)
Windows
Mobile
Pocket PC 2000
April 2000
Windows Phone
October 2010
Microsoft
Operating System 2011/2012
