Institutional repositories play an important role in making scholarly research openly accessible and increasing its impact. They house research outputs like journal articles, theses, and other works. Repositories enhance the visibility of the hosting institution and facilitate further research by providing access to latest information. There are currently over 1,400 repositories worldwide adhering to interoperability standards so their contents can be indexed together. Repositories provide benefits like increased citations and downloads for authors, and give institutions metrics to assess their research programs. For these reasons, more Indian institutions are establishing their own open access repositories.

1. Institute Repositories:
Enhancing the Visibility and Impact of
the Institution
Gutam Sridhar

2. • Crucial part of research
• Carriers of scholarly knowledge
• Research results available to general public
• Aid researchers with latest information
• Facilitate further research
Scholarly Communication

3. Issues facing OAP in India
 Fear that revenue loss from print subscriptions
if journal becomes OA
– even as it increases readership and circulation of
knowledge
–
 Lack of IT infrastructure or the funds to
develop it for using far more efficient online
means of managing and publishing journals.
 Other obstacles include uncertainty around
copyright issues and a lack of management
support and clerical support.

4. • Repository- is a central place in which an
aggregation of data is kept and maintained
in an organized way, usually in computer
storage.
• Institutional repositories are digital
collections of the scholarly outputs created
within a university or research institution.
• Repositories may be institutionally-based,
enhancing the visibility and impact of the
institution, or they may be centralised,
subject-based collections.
Institutional Repositories

5.  Removes access barriers to literature
accelerating research.
 Recommended by the Berlin Declaration
2003.
 Contain unrefereed preprints, refereed
post prints, or both.
 Authors may archive their preprints
without anyone else's permission and
make their contents freely available to
the world.
Open Access Repositories

6. Open Access Repositories
• There are currently just over 1,400 repositories
around the world.
• Over the past three years the number has
been growing at an average rate of one per
day.
• The statistics on numbers and where they are
can be found in the Registry of Open Access
Repositories (ROAR) and in the Directory of
Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR).
Repositories are also shown on a world map
at Repository66.

7. Open Archives
 When archives comply with the meta
data harvesting protocol of the Open
Archives Initiative (OAI), then they are
inter-operable.
 Universities and research centers
throughout the world are actively
planning for the implementation of
institutional repositories.

8. Interoperable - Metadata
Repositories adhere to an internationally-agreed
set of technical standards that means that they
expose the metadata.
The bibliographic details such as author names,
institutional affiliation, date, titles of the article,
abstract and so forth of each item they contain
in the same basic way.
In other words, they are ‘interoperable’.

9. Open Archive Initiative
The common protocol to which they all adhere is
called the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for
Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).
The contents of all repositories are then indexed
by Web search engines such as Google and
Google Scholar, creating online Open Access
databases of freely-available global research.

12. Repository Projects
• There are many international repository
initiatives, which aim to enhance the value of
individual repositories through content
aggregation and the development of common
services.
– DRIVER (EU), DRF (Japan), JISC (UK),
DARE (Netherlands), HAL (France) and
CARL IR Program (Canada).

13. Content in OA Repositories
• Peer-reviewed journal literature.
• Authors benefit from increased visibility for their
work.
• A collection of the journal articles published from an
institution, gives the institution’s research programme
worldwide visibility and increases its impact.
• Majority of journals permit authors to archive their
post-prints in an institutional or disciplinary
repository.
• The SHERPA-ROMEO service that monitors
publishers so called ‘self-archiving’ policies shows
that the majority of publishers allow authors to
deposit a copy of their published paper into a
repository.

15. Benefits
• Repositories can provide usage data to show
the number of times articles have been
downloaded.
• For example, in New Zealand, the University
of Otago’s Business School set up an Open
Access repository in November 2005: by
February 2006, with just 220 articles in it at the
time, it had received almost 20,000 ‘hits’
(downloads) (Stanger and McGregor, 2006).
• No doubt many of these are translating into
citations over time.

16. Scholarly Communication
Landscape
• A service that organises content in specific ways may
help authors,
– for example, to download a list of articles into
their CV, or aid institutions in assessing the
institution’s research programme or for reporting
data to governments.
• We may be looking forward to a time when
repositories play a formal role in the publishing
process.
– Repositories can collect articles from the
institution’s authors when they are ready for peer
review and a peer review service will collect them
from the repository for processing.

18. Citation Impact
Steve Lawrence's was the earliest study, finding in 2001
that free online access tripled citations of computer
science papers.
Michael Kurtz's early study on the astronomy literature
demonstrated that Open Access can double the
readership.
Brody & Harnad showed an increase in citations to articles
in several disciplines as a result of their being Open
Access.
Kristin Antelman's work corroborated these findings in the
fields of philosophy, political science, electrical &
electronic engineering and mathematics.
Michael Norris has published his doctoral thesis that reports
similar impact advantage in the form of increased
citations for articles in four other disciplines - economics,

19. Institutional Repository: A tool for
Research Managers
• What is being published from this institution?
• Who is producing what?
• Where it is being published / performed / installed?
• How much impact it is having (by measuring citations
and other things)?
• Where are the upward trends?
• Where are the downward trends?
• How much collaborative work is being done?
• With whom?
• In which other institutions?
• What results are we getting for the money we put into our
physics department?
• Are our strongest research departments attracting the
right numbers of students?

20. Repositories in India
• 36 Repositories
• Digital Knowledge Repository of Central Drug
Research Institute (DKR@CDRI)
• DSpace at National Chemical Laboratory
(DSpace@NCL)
• Electronic Theses and Dissertations at Indian
Institute of Science (edt@IISc)
• ICRISAT Open Access Repository
• Mahatma Gandhi University Theses Online
• NOPR (NISCAIR Online Periodical
Repository)
• OpenMED@NIC

24. NARS – Krishi Prabha
Krishi Prabha is a full-text electronic database of
Indian Agricultural Doctoral Dissertations
submitted by research scholars to the 48
State/Deemed Agricultural Universities during
the period from 1.1.2000 to 31.12.2006.
This database, listing about 10500 Dissertations,
has been created by Nehru Library,
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar (Haryana) under National
Agricultural Innovation Project.

25. ICRISAT Green Route
• The International Crops Research Institute for
the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has formally
launched an open access (OA) system for its
scientific publications.
• ICRISAT has declared the Green OA Mandate
in the Institute, thereby making available a
digital, web-accessible repository of pre-prints
of the scientific and scholarly publications
emerging from ICRISAT’s research.

28. Establishing a Repository
Making the business case
Defining the purpose of the repository
Defining repository services
Choosing repository software
 Open Source: Dspace, Eprints, Greenstone
Developing repository policies
 Collection, Management, Access
Staffing
 Manager, Administrator
Marketing the repository
 Profilling, Pull, Push, Consultation

34. Conclusion
• Need to create awareness about Open Access
Repositories.
• More and more OARs will increase the
visibility of Indian Agricultural Research.
• Authors should be made aware and insisted to
deposit their refereed research in a central
repository.
• A Open Access Policy for Indian Agricultural
Research is needed.

35. Thank you all