Open archives as an international Open access movement

1. Open Archives & Open Access
Mokhtar BEN HENDA
Bordeaux Montaigne University
31 October 2019

2. The editorial paradox!

3. The solution: the Open Access (OA)!
 The OA solution originated in the creation of a database
named HEP-TH BY by the physicist Paul Ginsparg on August
16, 1991
 Intention: the members of the small community of
researchers specialized in the physics of High Energy could
exchange quickly their scientific output.
Open Access
 Since 1997, 50 000 physicists have been using the same type
of databases
 Hep-th will be later replaced by arXiv

4. What is open access (OA)?
 Free online copies of peer-reviewed journal
articles, conference papers, technical reports,
theses, working papers…
 No licensing restrictions
 Used freely for research, teaching and other
purposes
An Open access digital archive
using open source software
An e-print repository
Peer-reviewing
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5. What a repository is? What it is not?
 IT IS
 An Open access institutional (or topic) repository
 A set of services for the management and dissemination of digital materials
created by the university community members
 A means to make research results freely available online to the whole research
community
 A repository where contents are freely available for use
 IT IS NOT
 It is not self-publishing, nor a way to bypass peer-review and publication,
 It is not a sort of second-class publishing route
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6. Institutional Repositories
 Centered around a university (otheracademic institution) and contain
items which are the scholarly output of that institution
 In addition to published works, an IR may include preprints,theses &
dissertations, images, data sets, working papers, course material, oranything
elseacontributordeposits
 Typically motivated by a commitmentto open access
 Institutions are logical implementers ofrepositories because theycan
take responsibilities
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7. IRs & Digital Libraries
 Are organized around a
particularinstitutional
community
 Oftenaredependentupon the
voluntary contribution of
materials by scholars for the
content in theircollection
 Are mainly repositories and
therefore may only offerlimited
userservices
Institutional Repositories Digital Libraries
 May be built around any number of
organizing principles (often topic,
subject, or discipline)
 Arethe productof a deliberate
collection development policy
 Typically include an important
service aspect (reference and
research assistance, interpretive
content, or specialresources.)
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8. Benefits of setting up an institutional repository
Forresearchers
 Increases citation for authors
 24-hour access through any web-enabled device
 Life’s work in one location
 Persistent URLs
For librarians
 Provides new ways forarchiving & preserving valuablework
 Time-saving and cost-effective
 Reduce duplication of records
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9. What type of content can be deposited?
Faculty
 Pre-prints, post-prints, research findings, working papers, technical
 reports, conference papers
 Multimedia, videos, teaching materials, learning objects
 Datasets (scientific, demographic, etc.) and otherancillary research material
 Web-based presentations, exhibits,etc.
Students
 Theses and dissertations
 Projects and portfolios
 Awarded research
 Performances and recitals
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10. Open access benefits

11. The impact of Open Access

12. Starting & Maintaining an IR
 Steps to Building an IR
1. Justify the relevance to the institution and contributors
2. Developa policy framework. Howwill we find this contentand whatwill
wedowith it?
3. Build the infrastructure
Bonus: Get institutional support and amandate.
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13. Starting & Maintaining an IR
IR Technology
 IR software (OpenSource/Commercial)
 OAI-PMH harvesting protocol/software(Free)
 Intel/Pentium servers forIR
 Linux/Red Hat OS, MySQL/PostGreDBMS, Apache/Tomcat web
server, Perl/Java(Free)
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14. Four Widely Used Systems
 Digital commons
 Produced by Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress), focused onmaintaining
scholarly output.
 Not opensource.
 E-prints
 Developed at the University of Southampton (UK). Widely considered to
be the least complex of the major repository software platforms.
 Fedora
 Developed at Cornell and University of Virginia. Based on a framework
known as the Flexible Extensible Digital Object and Repository
Framework.
 Dspace
 Designed by MIT and Hewlett-Packard to manage the intellectual output
of research institutions and provide for long-term preservation.
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15. Subject Based Repositories
Definition : Subject repositories are
archives which collect and manage
material relating to one or more
related subject areas. A number
currently exist mainly within science
subjects.
Subject repositories often managed by anindividual
for agroup
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(eg. Paul Ginsparg)

16. Subject Based Repositories
Significant subject repositories:
 ArXiv - (physics, mathematics, non- linear science and computer
science)
 Cogprints - (Cognitive sciences including psychology, neuroscience,
linguistics and other related areas)
 CiteSeer - (computer science)
 PubMedCentral - (US National Library of Medicine's digital archive of
life sciences journal literature.
 PhilSci Archive - / (philosophy of science)
 E-LIS - (library and information science)
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17. OpenDOAR – Directory of Open Access Repositories
 The OpenDOAR service
 provides a quality-assured listing of open access repositories
around the world.
 OpenDOAR staff harvest and assign metadata to allow
categorisation and analysis to assist the wider use and
exploitation of repositories.
 Each of the repositories has been visited by OpenDOAR staff
to ensure a highdegree of quality and consistency in the
information provided
 OpenDOAR is maintained by SHERPA consortium staff at the
University of Nottingham, UK
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18. ROAR- Registry of Open Access Repositories
ROAR aims to monitoroverall growth in the numberof eprint
archivesand to maintain a list of EPrints sites
Searchable international registry charting the growth of open
access mandates adopted by universities, research institutions
and research funders
ROAR Materials Archiving Policies – ROARMAP
(http://roarmap.eprints.org)
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19. Open Archives Initiative (OAI)
OAI
 OAI has its roots in the open access
and institutional repository
movements
 A major development aimed at
heightening interoperability and
providing more targeted access to
scholarly electronic full texts.
 An international movement with
guidelines and recommendations
OAI
1999: Convention de Santa Fe pour
l’accès ouvert
2002 : Initiative de Budapest pour
l'accès ouvert (BOAI) ;
2003/06 : Déclaration de Bethesda pour
la publication en accès ouvert ;
2003/10 : Déclaration de Berlin sur l‘accès
ouvert aux connaissances dans les
sciences et les humanités
OER
2007 : Déclaration du Cap sur l’Éducation
libre,
2009 : Déclaration de Dakar sur les
Ressources éducatives libres
2011 : Lignes directrices de l'UNESCO et
du Commonwealth of Learning sur les
REL dans l’enseignement supérieur
2012 : Déclaration de Paris sur les REL
2017 : Plan d’action de Ljubljana sur les
REL.

20. Open Archives Initiative (OAI)
 Develops and promotes
interoperability standards that aim to
facilitate the efficient dissemination of
content
 OA-PMH
 Open Archives Initiative Protocol for
Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a
computer protocol developed by the Open
Archives Initiative to collect and exchange
metadata of open resources

21. Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002)
 New guidelines developed by leaders of the Open Access
movement,
 Two complementary strategies:
 I. Self-Archiving:
– First, scholars need the tools and assistance to deposit their refereed
journal articles in open electronic archives, a practice commonly called,
self-archiving.
 II. Open-access Journals:
– Second, scholars need the means to launch a new generation of journals
committed to open access, and to help existing journals that elect to
make the transition to open access.

22. Gold and Green OA publishing
 Gold OA - uses a funding
model that does not charge
readersortheirinstitutions
foraccess (e.g. Ariadne)
 Green OA - authors publish
papers in oneof the 25,000
orsorefereed journals inall
disciplinesand thenself-
archive these papers in
open
access/digital/institutional
repositories.

23. Open access journals
 Free, unrestricted online access to research outputs such as journal articles and books
 The biggest catalogue of Open Access Journals: DOAJ
 DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
 A bibliographic database that lists online scientific journals that meet quality and open access
criteria: full text articles; open access items; items whose quality is controlled.
 Journals are indexed after careful review and only after having fulfilled certain basic criteria
 Getting indexed in DOAJ increases journal visibility, fosters trust, improves citations, attracts
submissions

24. Why does indexing in DOAJ matter?
 A standard for OA quality:
 journals approved by DOAJ are considered to meet ethical and quality standards (against predator
journals/editors)
 A 3X increase in journal traffic:
 After being indexed in DOAJ, journals witness a 3X increase in website traffic, which translates to
better visibility and more exposure. An increase in traffic helps attract better authors and quality
submissions
 DOAJ metadata is freely and widely available:
 When you submit your article metadata to DOAJ, it is distributed to all major aggregators, university
libraries and many research organizations. This improves your content’s reach manifold
 Promotes Open Access:
 DOAJ is working to promote open access as a sustainable model for scholarly publishing. Which is
why it helps put the spotlight on high quality, peer-reviewed OA journals

25. What is DOAJ?
 DOAJ (The Directory of Open Access Journals)
 A service that indexes high quality, peer reviewed Open Access
research journals, periodicals and their articles' metadata.
 The Directory aims to be comprehensive and cover all open access
academic journals that use an appropriate quality control system
 Not limited to particular languages, geographical region, or subject
areas.
 The Directory aims to increase the visibility and ease of use of open
access academic journals—regardless of size and country of origin—
thereby promoting their visibility, usage and impact.

26. DOAJ Impact

27. DOAJ CC oriented licencing

28. How to Get Your Journal Articles Indexed in DOAJ
 Step I: Check your eligibility criteria
 Filling the application for DOAJ indexation (https://doaj.org/application/new) See the GUIDE
 Step II: Handy checklist before you send in your application
 Comply with Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing
 Step III: Applying for DOAJ indexing
https://blog.typeset.io/how-to-get-your-articles-indexed-in-doaj-the-go-to-guide-for-oa-publishers-9ca7342b1a8

29. Plan S
https://www.coalition-s.org/

31. Lists of Open access journals
 APAnnexPublisher
 Wikipedia list (thematic)
 OMICS International
 Open library of humanities
 Scimago Journalsand Country Rank (H Index)
The h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity
and citation impact of the publications of a scientist or scholar.

32. Some OA references
 ArXiv:
 HAL-CCSD: