This document discusses open access to scholarly communications and outlines the benefits of open access. It notes that currently only a small percentage of scholarly publications are openly accessible. It describes how open access can maximize the visibility and impact of research by making it freely available online to anyone. The document highlights several key benefits of open access, including increased citation rates for published works and better dissemination of research findings to both academic and public audiences. It also reviews various open access policies and initiatives that aim to make scholarly publications more widely available.

1. Open Access to Scholarly
Communications
for maximizing visibility and impact
Sridhar Gutam, PhD, ARS
Senior Scientist (Plant Physiology)
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Research Centre
Ranchi
Ranchi 834010, Jharkhand
Convenor, Open Access India
@SridharGutam I gutam2000@gmail.com

2. Availability and Accessibility
(of IARI publications)
 Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed
journals, only 19 (9%) were open access journals
indexed in DOAJ.
 Additionally, 14% of the published articles could be
found on Eprints@IARI.
 Thus, up to 23% of the published literature is
available and accessible to the public.
 The percentage of articles available in CeRA was
69%.
 This shows that a little more than 30% of the
articles published were not available in CeRA.
Source: http://src-online.ca/index.php/src/article/view/86

3. The Problem
 A lot of valuable information is
generated that could guide decisions
and resolve problems — but so little is
accessible when it is needed!
 We produce results, but what happens
to them? It seems that much useful
data and information never get
published and the farmers don’t seem
to benefit. Source: CIARD

4. Open Access
 Means unrestricted online access to peer-reviewed
scholarly research (also theses, book chapters, and
scholarly monographs).
 Comes in two degrees:
 gratis open access, which is free online access
 libre open access, which is free online access
plus some additional usage rights (granted
through use of Creative Commons licenses).
Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and
free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it
possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.
– Peter Suber.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

5. Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001
 Conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society
Institute on December 1–2, 2001
 Public statement of principles relating to open access to
the research literature.
 Recognized as one of the major historical, and defining,
events of the open access movement.
 On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the initiative
(2012), recommended
 "the new goal that within the next ten years, OA
will become the default method for distributing
new peer-reviewed research in every field and
country”.

6. BOAI 10 Recommendations
 Every institution of higher education
should have a policy assuring that peer-
reviewed versions of all future scholarly
articles by faculty members are
deposited in the institution’s designated
repository.
 Universities with institutional repositories
should require deposit in the repository
for all research articles to be considered
for promotion, tenure, or other forms of
internal assessment and review.

7. Why Open Access?
 Funders invest in research in order to accelerate the
pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation,
enrich education, and stimulate the economy – to
improve the public good.
 Broad access to the results of research is an essential
component of the research process itself.
 Research advances only through sharing of results,
and the value of an investment in research is only
maximized through wide use of its results.
 The Internet provides a new opportunity to bring
information to a wider audience at virtually no marginal
cost, and allow them to use it in new, innovative ways.
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

8. Why Open Access
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

9. Why Open Access
Better visibility and higher
impact for your scholarship:
Avoiding duplication:
Research is useless if it’s not
shared
Text mining
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

10. Who Benefits from Open Access?
 For Researchers
 Increases readers’ ability to find use relevant
literature
 Increases the visibility, readership and impact
of author’s works
 Creates new avenues for discovery in digital
environment
 Enhances interdisciplinary research
 Accelerates the pace of research, discovery
and innovation
Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

11. Who Benefits from Open Access?
 Research Funders
Leverages return on research investment
Creates tool to manage research
portfolio
Avoids funding duplicative research
Creates transparency
Encourages greater interaction with
results of funded researchSource: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

12. Who Benefits from Open Access?
 Public
Provides access to previously
unavailable materials relating to health,
energy, environment, and other areas of
broad interest
Creates better educated populace
Encourages support of scientific
enterprise and engagement in citizen
science
Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

13. Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic open access operated by
Bielefeld University Library. Currently 42,125,071 documents of 2,462 content sources
Source: BASE

14. Citation Impact
 Steve Lawrence's was the earliest study, finding in 2001 that free
online access tripled citations of computer science papers.
 Michael Kurtz's early study on the astronomy literature demonstrated
that Open Access can double the readership.
 Brody & Harnad showed an increase in citations to articles in several
disciplines as a result of their being Open Access.
 Kristin Antelman's work corroborated these findings in the fields of
philosophy, political science, electrical & electronic engineering and
mathematics.
 Michael Norris has published his doctoral thesis that reports similar
impact advantage in the form of increased citations for articles in four
other disciplines - economics, applied mathematics, sociology and
ecology.
Source: http://www.openoasis.org

15. Open Access Mandates
Source: roarmap.eprints.org/

16. NKC Recommends Open Access
Source: knowledgecommission.gov.in/
 At a policy level, allresearch
articles published by Indian
authors receiving substantial
government or public funding must
be made available under Open
Access.
 A national academic OA portal
should be developed.

17. CISR Open Access Policy, 2009
 All research papers published from all CSIR
laboratories and supported by a grant from CSIR
will be made open access by depositing the full ‐
text and the metadata of each paper in an
institutional repository
Source: http://www.csircentral.net/mandate.pdf

18. National Data Sharing and Access Policy, 2012
• Aims at the promotion of a technology-
based culture of data management as well
as data sharing and access.
• It opens up, proactively, information on
available data, which could be shared with
civil society for developmental purposes.
Source: http://ogpl.gov.in/NDSAP/NDSAP-30Jan2012.pdf

19. ICAR’s Open Access Policy, 2013
 The authors of the scholarly literature produced from
the research funded in whole or part by the ICAR or
by other Public Funds at ICAR establishments are
required to deposit the final version of the author's
peer-reviewed manuscript in the ICAR institute’s
Open Access Institutional Repository.
 Scientists are advised to mention the ICAR’s Open
Access policy while signing the copyright
agreements with the publishers and the embargo, if
any, should not be later than 12 months.
Source: http://icar.org.in/en/node/6609

20. DBT/DST Open Access Policy, 2014
 The final accepted manuscript (after
refereeing, revision, etc.) resulting
from research projects, which are fully
or partially funded by DBT or DST, or
were performed using infrastructure
built with the support of these
organizations, should be deposited.
http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

21. OA and Copyrights??
• Most of the publishers allow either
pre-prints/post-prints to archive and
few others allow ‘publisher's pdf’
version.
• SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher's
Copyrights Policies.
• 'All Rights Reserved' to 'Some Rights
Reserved‘ using Creative Commons.

22. DBT/DST Open Access Policy, 2014
 The final accepted manuscript (after
refereeing, revision, etc.) resulting
from research projects, which are fully
or partially funded by DBT or DST, or
were performed using infrastructure
built with the support of these
organizations, should be deposited.
http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

23. Policies@SHERPA/RoMEO
Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

24. MAPAI’s OAJMAP
Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

25. MAPAI’s OAJMAP uses CC-BY
Source: OAJMAP

26. Authors' Rights: Regaining Control
• Scholars who sign away all rights must request permission from
publishers (often for a fee) to place their own articles on a personal
web site, in a course pack for a class they are teaching themselves,
in an institutional repository, or to distribute copies to colleagues.
• And though scholars create the content (i.e., articles) and provide
editing and peer review, publishers typically receive both content
and quality control at no cost.
• Academic libraries then purchase back this content in an attempt to
support all disciplines on campus.
• This contributes to the fact that some commercial publishers post
large profits – up to 40% in some cases.
• As a result, publishers rather than scholars manage and control
access to scholarship and research.
Kevin Smith (2010) http://www.acrl.ala.org/scholcomm/node/8

28. How to Use SPARC Author Addendum
 Complete the addendum.
 Print a copy of the addendum and attach it
to your publishing agreement.
 Note in a cover letter to your publisher that
you have included an addendum to the
agreement.
 Mail the addendum with your publishing
agreement and a cover letter to your
publisher. Source: SPARC

29. Hoorn & Graaf (2006) – Survey
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february06/vandergraaf/02vandergraaf.html

30. Pre-Prints and Post-Prints
 Pre-Prints - “First draft of the article -
before peer-review, even before any
contact with a publisher”
 Post-Prints - “Version of the paper
after peer-review, with revisions
having been made”

31. CC-BY Attribution 4.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
 You are free to:
 Share — copy and redistribute the material in any
medium or format
 Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the
material for any purpose, even commercially.
 The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as
long as you follow the license terms.

32. Articles under CC-BY
Source: OASPA

33. Global Open Access Portal
Source: UNESCO

34. OpenDepot.org
 University of Edinburgh, UK.
 “An assured service to make research Open
Access - now available for researchers
worldwide.”
 “For those without a local repository, including
un-affilitiated researchers, the OpenDepot.org
is a place of deposit, available for others to
harvest.”

35. Global Open Access Portal
Source: UNESCO

36. OpenDepot.org

48. Open Access in Institutions with
Mandates to Non-Mandated
Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality
Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

49. Interaction between OA and Article Age
Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality
Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

50. Dr. Melissa Terras’s Twitter Effect
Downloads of paper on Digital
Curiosities were doubled twice
since the time she deposited and
when she blogged and tweeted.
Source: http://www.oastories.org/2012/10/dr-melissa-terras-open-access-and-the-twitter-effect
“You can spend years producing a research paper, why would you
not spend the time it takes to deposit it in Open Access repository,
and the seconds it takes to share that copy online with as many
people as you possibly can”. -Melissa Terras
@melissaterras

51. Alternate Metrics
• San Francisco Declaration on Research
Assessment
– “Do not use journal-based metrics, such as Journal
Impact Factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality
of individual research articles, to assess an individual
scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or
funding decisions”
• Altmetric.com
• ImpactStory

52. DST – DBT on Metrics
• “The DBT/DST affirms the principle that the
intrinsic merit of the work, and not the title of
the journal in which an author’s work is
published....”
• “DBT/DST does not recommend the use of
journal impact factors, as a surrogate
measure of the quality of individual research
articles, to assess an individual scientist’s
contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or
funding decisions”.Source: http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

53. Aaron Hillel Swartz

54. Caution!
•“Fake open-access
journals flourish in India:
Science” -The Hindu

55. Thank you for your kind attention