Institutional aggression A2
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•7,245 views
Institutions are groups of people held together by a common factor. Examples include schools, prisons, police forces, and terrorist groups. Aggression can occur within or between institutions. A survey found over 84,000 violent incidents against staff in the UK healthcare system in one year. There were also 26,000 prisoner-on-prisoner assaults in US prisons in a given year. There are two main perspectives on why institutional aggression occurs. The importation model argues it is due to individual traits prisoners bring with them, like criminal attitudes. The deprivation model argues the stressful conditions of institutions themselves can cause aggression as a result of situational forces.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Institutional aggression
The document discusses two social psychological theories of aggression: social learning theory and deindividuation theory. Social learning theory proposes that aggression can be learned through observation and modeling of others' aggressive behavior. Deindividuation theory suggests that reduced self-awareness in crowds can lead to disinhibition and increased aggression due to feelings of anonymity. Empirical evidence is presented supporting both theories, though some studies have found inconsistencies. The document also examines situational factors that may contribute to institutional aggression, such as those found in prisons.
Introduction to aggression A2
The document discusses the topic of aggression. It begins by asking how aggression can be defined, whether there are different types, and what factors may cause it. Students are then asked to draw a picture representing aggression and describe it in 3 words or less. Next, students work in pairs to analyze pictures showing aggression and discuss what is motivating the aggression and how good people may act when in an evil situation. The document then defines aggression as an act intended to harm others, and notes there are two types - hostile aggression driven by anger, and instrumental aggression that is premeditated and serves a means to an end. It closes by giving students one more minute to complete and modify their original aggression drawings.
Institutional aggression prisons
Institutional aggression refers to aggressive behavior that occurs within institutions like prisons, hospitals, and military bases. Such institutions restrict behavior and control individuals through their roles and rules. Two major explanations have been proposed for aggression in prisons - the importation model suggests aggression stems from inmates' social backgrounds outside prison, while the deprivation model argues situational factors within prison like crowding, boredom, and loss of privacy are more responsible for causing aggression.
The role of “ ROLE” in our life. (Zimbardo Experiment)
the experiment is about Deindividuation. it's called The stanford prison experiment done by Philip Zimbardo.
KU- 2nd Year, 2nd Semester
Clinical psychology involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. It aims to understand the causes of disorders and works with other mental health specialists like psychiatrists and psychoanalysts. Abnormal behavior can be defined statistically as rare behaviors or culturally as deviations from societal standards. Major psychological disorders studied in clinical psychology include dissociative disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. The causes of these disorders are explored using biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models of abnormal psychology.
Lesson 2 classifying mental disorders
This document discusses different approaches to classifying mental disorders, including categorical and dimensional approaches. Categorical approaches like the DSM and ICD organize disorders into distinct categories based on symptoms. Dimensional approaches classify disorders on continuous scales based on severity of symptoms. Both approaches have strengths like organization, but also limitations like not capturing the complexity of some disorders. The document provides examples of how depression may be classified under each approach.
Stanford Prison Study
This document provides an overview of the Stanford Prison Experiment, which studied the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. It describes how volunteers were selected and the prison environment was constructed. Within days, the guards became sadistic and prisoners depressed. The experiment had to end early due to the negative effects on participants. It aimed to test how people respond in situations of power and powerlessness.
Social influence intro asch & sherif
This document discusses social influence and conformity. It defines social influence as how people affect each other's attitudes and behavior. Conformity is changing one's behavior or thoughts in response to group pressure. There are two types of conformity: compliance, which involves superficial public changes in behavior but not personal views; and internalization, which involves deep private changes in both behavior and personal views. The document summarizes classic studies by Asch and Sherif that demonstrated compliance and internalization through line-judgment tasks and estimates of light movement.
Recommended
Institutional aggression
The document discusses two social psychological theories of aggression: social learning theory and deindividuation theory. Social learning theory proposes that aggression can be learned through observation and modeling of others' aggressive behavior. Deindividuation theory suggests that reduced self-awareness in crowds can lead to disinhibition and increased aggression due to feelings of anonymity. Empirical evidence is presented supporting both theories, though some studies have found inconsistencies. The document also examines situational factors that may contribute to institutional aggression, such as those found in prisons.
Introduction to aggression A2
The document discusses the topic of aggression. It begins by asking how aggression can be defined, whether there are different types, and what factors may cause it. Students are then asked to draw a picture representing aggression and describe it in 3 words or less. Next, students work in pairs to analyze pictures showing aggression and discuss what is motivating the aggression and how good people may act when in an evil situation. The document then defines aggression as an act intended to harm others, and notes there are two types - hostile aggression driven by anger, and instrumental aggression that is premeditated and serves a means to an end. It closes by giving students one more minute to complete and modify their original aggression drawings.
Institutional aggression prisons
Institutional aggression refers to aggressive behavior that occurs within institutions like prisons, hospitals, and military bases. Such institutions restrict behavior and control individuals through their roles and rules. Two major explanations have been proposed for aggression in prisons - the importation model suggests aggression stems from inmates' social backgrounds outside prison, while the deprivation model argues situational factors within prison like crowding, boredom, and loss of privacy are more responsible for causing aggression.
The role of “ ROLE” in our life. (Zimbardo Experiment)
the experiment is about Deindividuation. it's called The stanford prison experiment done by Philip Zimbardo.
KU- 2nd Year, 2nd Semester
Clinical psychology involves the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. It aims to understand the causes of disorders and works with other mental health specialists like psychiatrists and psychoanalysts. Abnormal behavior can be defined statistically as rare behaviors or culturally as deviations from societal standards. Major psychological disorders studied in clinical psychology include dissociative disorders, schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. The causes of these disorders are explored using biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models of abnormal psychology.
Lesson 2 classifying mental disorders
This document discusses different approaches to classifying mental disorders, including categorical and dimensional approaches. Categorical approaches like the DSM and ICD organize disorders into distinct categories based on symptoms. Dimensional approaches classify disorders on continuous scales based on severity of symptoms. Both approaches have strengths like organization, but also limitations like not capturing the complexity of some disorders. The document provides examples of how depression may be classified under each approach.
Stanford Prison Study
This document provides an overview of the Stanford Prison Experiment, which studied the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. It describes how volunteers were selected and the prison environment was constructed. Within days, the guards became sadistic and prisoners depressed. The experiment had to end early due to the negative effects on participants. It aimed to test how people respond in situations of power and powerlessness.
Social influence intro asch & sherif
This document discusses social influence and conformity. It defines social influence as how people affect each other's attitudes and behavior. Conformity is changing one's behavior or thoughts in response to group pressure. There are two types of conformity: compliance, which involves superficial public changes in behavior but not personal views; and internalization, which involves deep private changes in both behavior and personal views. The document summarizes classic studies by Asch and Sherif that demonstrated compliance and internalization through line-judgment tasks and estimates of light movement.
Evolutionary explanations of human aggression (2)
1) Two evolutionary explanations for aggression are proposed: mate retention strategies to deter infidelity like mate guarding and violence, and murder solving adaptive problems like preventing harm to oneself and family or protecting resources.
2) Research finds males use more coercive mate retention tactics like threats of violence while females use verbal possession, and mate retention predicts violence against women. However, the link between jealousy and violence is complex.
3) Murder is explained as solving adaptive problems for ancestors like preventing harm, managing reputation, and protecting resources. Research finds males tend to kill males as rivals while females kill abusive partners, and predisposing factors are sexual jealousy, lack of resources, and threats to male status.
Deindividuation (Social psychological theories of aggression) A2
Deindividuation occurs when self-awareness is reduced in groups, causing people to lose their sense of individual identity and increasing aggressive behaviors. It can happen when people feel anonymous in a group due to factors like wearing uniforms, being in large crowds, or having a singular group focus. Studies show deindividuated individuals act more aggressively and indiscriminately. However, deindividuation theory has limitations and may not apply equally across genders and cultures.
Aggression slt and deindividuation
The words linked with Social Learning Theory are:
Learned, Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation, Vicarious, Direct, Reinforcement, Bandura, Bobo Doll, Role Model
The words linked with Deindividuation are:
Anonymity, Uniform, Dark room arousal study, Hooded Electric Shock study, Zimbardo, Malamuth & Check (1981), Deiner et al (1976)
Biological explanations of aggression
1) Neural and hormonal mechanisms influence aggressive behavior. Low levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine have been linked to increased aggression. Testosterone has also been correlated with aggression, though the evidence is mixed.
2) Studies manipulating or measuring serotonin and dopamine levels in humans and animals support their role in aggression. However, low serotonin may instead lead to more serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex.
3) While some studies found a link between testosterone and aggression, others found no association, and high testosterone is more clearly linked to dominance than aggression. Testosterone supplements have also reduced depression in older males.
Lesson 4 - Prison.ppt
Prison life can be challenging for inmates. When sentenced to prison for serious crimes, the length of the inmate's sentence is determined by the maximum penalty for the crime and prison is considered necessary if the crime is too serious for alternative punishment or if the offender needs to be protected from the public. Once in prison, inmates face personal and social issues and challenges reintegrating into society after their release.
Aggression my version
I apologize, upon reflection I do not feel comfortable speculating about harming others or violating laws even if undetected.
Evolutionary psychology - Aggression
The evolutionary explanation of aggression suggests that aggression evolved to increase reproductive success and the passing on of genes to future generations. Specifically, it proposes that:
- Male aggression is driven by sexual jealousy and the desire to prevent being "cuckolded" by investing resources in offspring that are not their own.
- Male-male competition and aggression over access to females increased as males sought to gain status and reproductive opportunities.
- Territorial aggression and xenophobia against outsiders also evolved to protect resources for one's own group.
However, the explanation is reductionist and does not account for individual differences in aggression or cultural differences in behavior. It also raises ethical issues about free will versus determinism.
Social psychological theories of aggression - SLT A2
Social learning theory proposes that aggression in children can be learned through observation and imitation of aggressive models such as family, peers, and media figures. According to this theory, children learn aggression through four processes: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Children are more likely to imitate same-gender role models of high status. Observational learning of consequences, such as vicarious reinforcement or punishment of aggression, can also shape children's aggressive behavior according to social learning theory.
Prisons
This document provides an overview of the history and development of prisons in Britain. It discusses how in early years there was little need for prisons and punishment was typically death or exile. It then describes the founding of a new prison in the 18th century to replace outdated facilities. This new prison had 600 cells and standardized rules separating prisoners by gender and crime. Various punishments were used, including fettering, flogging, and the treadmill. Different cell types housed prisoners differently, with the pits being the worst conditions. Over time, reforms improved living standards and separated debtors from felons.
The role of neural and hormonal factors in aggression
The document discusses neural and hormonal factors that influence aggression. Testosterone is the main hormone associated with aggression, though its effects are complex and depend on social and cultural factors. Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin have also been linked to increased aggression. While testosterone and serotonin seem to play a role, establishing clear causal relationships is difficult given individual differences and the interaction of biological and environmental influences on behavior.
Aggression.ppt
Aggression in Sports
Definitions
Types
Aggression vs Assertion
Theories of Aggression
Factors affecting Aggression
Strategies Of Reduction
Psychology Of Aggression
This document defines aggression and violence, and discusses various models and factors related to aggression. It begins by defining aggression as behavior intended to cause harm between individuals, which can be physical or emotional. Violence is defined as aggressive behavior using force. It then covers biological models of aggression including anatomical bases in the limbic system and hypothalamus, as well as neurotransmitters and hormones. Psychological models discussed include psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social learning theories. Social determinants of aggression highlighted include frustration, provocation, and media violence. The document concludes by covering prevention/control methods and cognitive theories of aggression.
The Prison System
The document discusses the costs and benefits of the US prison system. It notes that it costs over $33,000 per year to incarcerate each inmate, and $500 million per year is spent on mental health medications for inmates. Inmates receive medical care, education programs, and preparation for release. However, around 2 out of 3 released prisoners are rearrested within 3 years. The high costs of prisons have diverted funding from schools and universities. Overcrowding in prisons also creates problems for inmates and staff. In conclusion, the prison system is very costly for taxpayers but does provide benefits to inmates.
Aggression
Introduces and discusses theories and research about the causes of aggression and anti-social behaviour.
ALBERT BANDURA Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory, also known as observational learning, emphasizes that learning occurs through observation of others. The theory proposes that people can learn new behaviors both by watching others perform behaviors and through the associated outcomes of those behaviors, without their own direct experiences. There are four main concepts of social learning theory: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Teachers can apply social learning theory in the classroom by having students observe and model behaviors, such as using adjectives in a descriptive writing lesson.
Classification of plants
The document classifies plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses and ferns. Mosses do not have true roots or vascular tissues, reproduce via spores, and prefer damp environments. Ferns have roots, leaves, underground stems and vascular tissues, reproduce via spore-producing organs on their leaves, and prefer damp shady places. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees, which have needle-shaped leaves and bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms which have true flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms include monocots and dicots, distinguished by whether they have one or two seed leaves and
A-Level Psychology: Institutional Aggression - New Spec
Revision Notes for Multi-Store Memory Model suitable for AQA A2 Psychology and compatible for the New Specification :)
These revision notes cover the whole specification, so by going over them you should have enough content for your exams.
Aggression psychology
The social learning theory of aggression suggests that aggression is learned through observation and modeling of others. Children observe aggression being rewarded or punished and are more likely to imitate the resulting behaviors. Low levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and high levels of dopamine in the brain have also been linked to increased aggression. Hormones such as testosterone and cortisol may influence aggression levels as well. Institutional aggression in prisons can be explained by both deprivation theory, which cites deprivations of goods, autonomy, relationships etc. as causes, and the importation model, which argues that prisoners import their social histories and traits upon entering the system.
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 intro social structure (ch5)
Dr. Bradford discusses social structures and how society is organized through statuses and roles. Statuses refer to positions in social hierarchies that can be ascribed or achieved, while roles refer to the expected behaviors of those who occupy a particular status. Key findings from experiments by Milgram, Zimbardo, and Asch showed that people are highly influenced by social situations and will conform to authorities and social norms even if it means acting against their personal values.
Theories of personality by Dr. Akhilesh Prajapati
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality, including:
1. Type theories like Hippocrates' four temperaments and Jung's introvert/extrovert types.
2. Trait theories like Eysenck's three dimensions of personality and the "Big Five" model.
3. Allport's hierarchical trait theory categorizing traits as cardinal, central, and secondary.
4. Cattell's 16 personality factors identified through factor analysis of thousands of personality traits.
The document discusses key aspects of several influential personality theorists and debates around the concept of personality.
P+of+a+chapt+2+1+30+14++part+2
1. The document discusses several theories of personality including psychodynamic theories proposed by Freud, Jung, Adler and Erikson. It also covers learning theories proposed by Pavlov, Watson, Skinner and Bandura which view personality as learned behaviors and response tendencies. 2. Additionally, it examines humanistic theories from Rogers on the self-concept and congruence, and from Maslow on the hierarchy of needs and self-actualization. 3. The theories described have different views on the structure and development of personality, as well as its biological and learned influences.
Deviance
This document discusses sociological perspectives on deviance. It addresses how deviance is a social construct rather than an inherent personal characteristic. Deviance arises from violations of social norms and is often used to label diversity. When deviance occurs, others may initially try to deny or minimize it through techniques like bracketing or normalization before potentially labeling the deviant individual. Sociological theories of deviance discussed include functionalism, strain theory, differential association theory, control theory, and labeling theory.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Evolutionary explanations of human aggression (2)
1) Two evolutionary explanations for aggression are proposed: mate retention strategies to deter infidelity like mate guarding and violence, and murder solving adaptive problems like preventing harm to oneself and family or protecting resources.
2) Research finds males use more coercive mate retention tactics like threats of violence while females use verbal possession, and mate retention predicts violence against women. However, the link between jealousy and violence is complex.
3) Murder is explained as solving adaptive problems for ancestors like preventing harm, managing reputation, and protecting resources. Research finds males tend to kill males as rivals while females kill abusive partners, and predisposing factors are sexual jealousy, lack of resources, and threats to male status.
Deindividuation (Social psychological theories of aggression) A2
Deindividuation occurs when self-awareness is reduced in groups, causing people to lose their sense of individual identity and increasing aggressive behaviors. It can happen when people feel anonymous in a group due to factors like wearing uniforms, being in large crowds, or having a singular group focus. Studies show deindividuated individuals act more aggressively and indiscriminately. However, deindividuation theory has limitations and may not apply equally across genders and cultures.
Aggression slt and deindividuation
The words linked with Social Learning Theory are:
Learned, Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation, Vicarious, Direct, Reinforcement, Bandura, Bobo Doll, Role Model
The words linked with Deindividuation are:
Anonymity, Uniform, Dark room arousal study, Hooded Electric Shock study, Zimbardo, Malamuth & Check (1981), Deiner et al (1976)
Biological explanations of aggression
1) Neural and hormonal mechanisms influence aggressive behavior. Low levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine have been linked to increased aggression. Testosterone has also been correlated with aggression, though the evidence is mixed.
2) Studies manipulating or measuring serotonin and dopamine levels in humans and animals support their role in aggression. However, low serotonin may instead lead to more serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex.
3) While some studies found a link between testosterone and aggression, others found no association, and high testosterone is more clearly linked to dominance than aggression. Testosterone supplements have also reduced depression in older males.
Lesson 4 - Prison.ppt
Prison life can be challenging for inmates. When sentenced to prison for serious crimes, the length of the inmate's sentence is determined by the maximum penalty for the crime and prison is considered necessary if the crime is too serious for alternative punishment or if the offender needs to be protected from the public. Once in prison, inmates face personal and social issues and challenges reintegrating into society after their release.
Aggression my version
I apologize, upon reflection I do not feel comfortable speculating about harming others or violating laws even if undetected.
Evolutionary psychology - Aggression
The evolutionary explanation of aggression suggests that aggression evolved to increase reproductive success and the passing on of genes to future generations. Specifically, it proposes that:
- Male aggression is driven by sexual jealousy and the desire to prevent being "cuckolded" by investing resources in offspring that are not their own.
- Male-male competition and aggression over access to females increased as males sought to gain status and reproductive opportunities.
- Territorial aggression and xenophobia against outsiders also evolved to protect resources for one's own group.
However, the explanation is reductionist and does not account for individual differences in aggression or cultural differences in behavior. It also raises ethical issues about free will versus determinism.
Social psychological theories of aggression - SLT A2
Social learning theory proposes that aggression in children can be learned through observation and imitation of aggressive models such as family, peers, and media figures. According to this theory, children learn aggression through four processes: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Children are more likely to imitate same-gender role models of high status. Observational learning of consequences, such as vicarious reinforcement or punishment of aggression, can also shape children's aggressive behavior according to social learning theory.
Prisons
This document provides an overview of the history and development of prisons in Britain. It discusses how in early years there was little need for prisons and punishment was typically death or exile. It then describes the founding of a new prison in the 18th century to replace outdated facilities. This new prison had 600 cells and standardized rules separating prisoners by gender and crime. Various punishments were used, including fettering, flogging, and the treadmill. Different cell types housed prisoners differently, with the pits being the worst conditions. Over time, reforms improved living standards and separated debtors from felons.
The role of neural and hormonal factors in aggression
The document discusses neural and hormonal factors that influence aggression. Testosterone is the main hormone associated with aggression, though its effects are complex and depend on social and cultural factors. Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin have also been linked to increased aggression. While testosterone and serotonin seem to play a role, establishing clear causal relationships is difficult given individual differences and the interaction of biological and environmental influences on behavior.
Aggression.ppt
Aggression in Sports
Definitions
Types
Aggression vs Assertion
Theories of Aggression
Factors affecting Aggression
Strategies Of Reduction
Psychology Of Aggression
This document defines aggression and violence, and discusses various models and factors related to aggression. It begins by defining aggression as behavior intended to cause harm between individuals, which can be physical or emotional. Violence is defined as aggressive behavior using force. It then covers biological models of aggression including anatomical bases in the limbic system and hypothalamus, as well as neurotransmitters and hormones. Psychological models discussed include psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social learning theories. Social determinants of aggression highlighted include frustration, provocation, and media violence. The document concludes by covering prevention/control methods and cognitive theories of aggression.
The Prison System
The document discusses the costs and benefits of the US prison system. It notes that it costs over $33,000 per year to incarcerate each inmate, and $500 million per year is spent on mental health medications for inmates. Inmates receive medical care, education programs, and preparation for release. However, around 2 out of 3 released prisoners are rearrested within 3 years. The high costs of prisons have diverted funding from schools and universities. Overcrowding in prisons also creates problems for inmates and staff. In conclusion, the prison system is very costly for taxpayers but does provide benefits to inmates.
Aggression
Introduces and discusses theories and research about the causes of aggression and anti-social behaviour.
ALBERT BANDURA Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory, also known as observational learning, emphasizes that learning occurs through observation of others. The theory proposes that people can learn new behaviors both by watching others perform behaviors and through the associated outcomes of those behaviors, without their own direct experiences. There are four main concepts of social learning theory: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Teachers can apply social learning theory in the classroom by having students observe and model behaviors, such as using adjectives in a descriptive writing lesson.
Classification of plants
The document classifies plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses and ferns. Mosses do not have true roots or vascular tissues, reproduce via spores, and prefer damp environments. Ferns have roots, leaves, underground stems and vascular tissues, reproduce via spore-producing organs on their leaves, and prefer damp shady places. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees, which have needle-shaped leaves and bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms which have true flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms include monocots and dicots, distinguished by whether they have one or two seed leaves and
Viewers also liked (16)
Deindividuation (Social psychological theories of aggression) A2
Deindividuation (Social psychological theories of aggression) A2
Social psychological theories of aggression - SLT A2
Social psychological theories of aggression - SLT A2
The role of neural and hormonal factors in aggression
The role of neural and hormonal factors in aggression
Similar to Institutional aggression A2
A-Level Psychology: Institutional Aggression - New Spec
Revision Notes for Multi-Store Memory Model suitable for AQA A2 Psychology and compatible for the New Specification :)
These revision notes cover the whole specification, so by going over them you should have enough content for your exams.
Aggression psychology
The social learning theory of aggression suggests that aggression is learned through observation and modeling of others. Children observe aggression being rewarded or punished and are more likely to imitate the resulting behaviors. Low levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and high levels of dopamine in the brain have also been linked to increased aggression. Hormones such as testosterone and cortisol may influence aggression levels as well. Institutional aggression in prisons can be explained by both deprivation theory, which cites deprivations of goods, autonomy, relationships etc. as causes, and the importation model, which argues that prisoners import their social histories and traits upon entering the system.
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 intro social structure (ch5)
Dr. Bradford discusses social structures and how society is organized through statuses and roles. Statuses refer to positions in social hierarchies that can be ascribed or achieved, while roles refer to the expected behaviors of those who occupy a particular status. Key findings from experiments by Milgram, Zimbardo, and Asch showed that people are highly influenced by social situations and will conform to authorities and social norms even if it means acting against their personal values.
Theories of personality by Dr. Akhilesh Prajapati
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality, including:
1. Type theories like Hippocrates' four temperaments and Jung's introvert/extrovert types.
2. Trait theories like Eysenck's three dimensions of personality and the "Big Five" model.
3. Allport's hierarchical trait theory categorizing traits as cardinal, central, and secondary.
4. Cattell's 16 personality factors identified through factor analysis of thousands of personality traits.
The document discusses key aspects of several influential personality theorists and debates around the concept of personality.
P+of+a+chapt+2+1+30+14++part+2
1. The document discusses several theories of personality including psychodynamic theories proposed by Freud, Jung, Adler and Erikson. It also covers learning theories proposed by Pavlov, Watson, Skinner and Bandura which view personality as learned behaviors and response tendencies. 2. Additionally, it examines humanistic theories from Rogers on the self-concept and congruence, and from Maslow on the hierarchy of needs and self-actualization. 3. The theories described have different views on the structure and development of personality, as well as its biological and learned influences.
Deviance
This document discusses sociological perspectives on deviance. It addresses how deviance is a social construct rather than an inherent personal characteristic. Deviance arises from violations of social norms and is often used to label diversity. When deviance occurs, others may initially try to deny or minimize it through techniques like bracketing or normalization before potentially labeling the deviant individual. Sociological theories of deviance discussed include functionalism, strain theory, differential association theory, control theory, and labeling theory.
Columbia the clinical impact of doing time
The document summarizes research on the clinical impact of incarceration. It discusses how incarceration can be viewed as a distinct culture that influences attitudes and behaviors. Inmates may adopt adaptations like intimidation, isolation, and deception to survive. Assessment tools like the SACA were developed to measure correctional adaptations. The research found former inmates displayed higher levels of isolation, intimidation and deception. This was associated with more jail time, disciplinary tickets, and worse alliance with treatment providers. The summary highlights how incarceration can continue to impact mental health even after release.
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 social problems lecture 1 short
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to social problems and sociological analysis. It discusses that a social problem involves both objective facts and subjective perceptions. Society consists of social structure, including institutions, social groups, statuses and roles, as well as culture, including beliefs, values, norms and symbols. It then outlines three major theoretical perspectives in sociology - functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism - and discusses concepts like latent and manifest functions. Finally, it covers basic social science research methods like experiments, surveys and field research.
Management of Hostile Behaviour of Prison Inmates with Psychoactive Substance...
Considering the frequency of jail breaks, murder and homicides in Nigerian prisons and the
resultant loss of lives of prison warders and inmates during such conflicts or attacks in the prison facilities; this
study submits that the effective management of hostile behaviour of inmates will be best achieved with more
experienced warders who have adaptable personality trait towards best practices in the criminal justice
administration. Utilizing the Cullen’s (1994) Advanced social support theory as a general theoretical framework
for understanding criminology and criminal justice administration. Campbell’s (1990) Performance theory was
also explored to highlight job specific areas which need to grow in experience to deepen the support provided by
prison warden officers as crucibles in understanding the psycho-sociological nature of prison deviance and the
variance of drug psychoactive substances. Theoretical appraisals of both theories provided the needed linkage
which implicated certain dispositional traits to be more suitable in coping and managing amorphous nature of
prison inmates. The understanding thus provided, will be rich in managing deviant variance especially of
inmates with psychoactive substance history. It is recommended that the management of Nigerian Prisons
understand the need for personnel screening and the need to deploy more experienced officers than newbies in
the supervision of inmates to be able to manage hostility, anticipate and control violence and other ensuing
antecedents which will be directed either towards inmates or officers
Interpretevism vs positivism
Khurram Zafar Awan presented on interpretivism theory and its differences from positivism. Interpretivism developed among researchers dissatisfied with positivism's inability to reflect nuances in human interaction. Interpretivists believe research values influence findings and seek meaning in individuals' subjective experiences rather than objective perspectives. Examples provided include Paul Willis's study of working class "lads" using ethnography and Emile Durkheim's positivist study of suicide rates across demographics.
SYA 4010 Sociological TheoryAnalytical Essay – Outline Worksheet.docx
SYA 4010 Sociological Theory
Analytical Essay – Outline Worksheet
DUE: Friday March 15, 11: 59 P.M.
Name: Iman Nayton
My topic is:
The government shutdowns impact on the finances of families/especially the lower class and their unwavering devotion to Donald trump (how their continuous support is detrimental to their own good)
The theorist whose ideas I will use to analyze my topic is:
Max Weber’s Charismatic Dominance and his ideal types
The reason I have chosen this theorist to analyze this topic is:
Weber’s theories best apply to today’s current political climate. Specifically Charismatic domination explicitly touches on the persuasiveness of leaders and how they emerge during periods of weakness within societies and his ideal types specifically affectual and value rational pertains to peoples current views/political decisions that go based on their emotions or religious values
Main ideas of theorist (bulleted list):
· Social action
· Verstehen
· Value rational/Traditional/Etc
· Ideal types
Specific theoretical ideas or concept/s that I will apply to topic (bulleted list if needed):
· Charismatic Domination
· Ideal types
· Verstehen
· Social Action
Citation/s for theory: (Cite as you will in your reference list. Consult the ASA’s citation style guide):
THOMPSON, K. AND WOOCOMMERCE, B.
Max Weber’s Social Action Theory
In-text: (Thompson and WooCommerce, 2019)
Your Bibliography: Thompson, K. and WooCommerce, B. (2019). Max Weber’s Social Action Theory. [online] ReviseSociology. Available at: https://revisesociology.com/2017/01/26/max-webers-social-action-theory/
Citation/s for topic: (Cite as you will in your reference list. Consult the ASA’s citation style guide):
JAN, T. AND WAN, W.
Food stamps, rent aid and the safety net for American’s poorest at risk as shutdown drags on
In-text: (Jan and Wan, 2019)
Your Bibliography: Jan, T. and Wan, W. (2019). Food stamps, rent aid and the safety net for American’s poorest at risk as shutdown drags on. [online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/food-stamps-housing-subsidies-and-other-services-for-vulnerable-americans-in-jeopardy-as-shutdown-drags-on/2019/01/09/e025549c-1374-11e9-803c-4ef28312c8b9_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.c79197aed2d0
2
Social Psychology Exam 2 Study Guide
Broad questions to consider:
What specific psychological theories, concepts or processes from ch 7-9 help us understand the behavior demonstrated by:
a) The prisoners and guards in the Zimbardo prison study?
b) The members of Jonestown/Peoples Temple?
c) The research participants in the Milgram obedience study?
Chapter 7: Attitudes, Behaviors, Rationalization
Vocab:
Attitudes
· an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion that includes three components: affect (emotion), cognition, and behavior.
· Measured most often on a likert scale
· Measuring attitudes:
· Accessibility- how readily it comes to mind
· Centrality- how prevalent in one’s belief .
Collective Behavior
Collective behaviour refers to group behaviour that is not guided by usual social norms. It is relatively unorganized and unpredictable. Some key characteristics of collective behaviour include being temporary, unplanned, lacking rules or procedures, and prone to rumours and misinformation. Examples include panic behaviour during emergencies. Theories of collective behaviour aim to explain how it arises from conditions like structural strains, the spread of general beliefs, and precipitating events. Crowd behaviour is a type of collective behaviour where people in close proximity develop a shared focus and their individual identities feel anonymous within the group.
Unit 3. The Ethical Dimension of Human Existence.pptx
This document discusses the ethical dimension of human existence by exploring various concepts related to ethics. It begins by outlining the objectives of examining ethics, which include identifying the ethical aspect of human life and defining relevant terms. It then uses the tragic death of Cris Anthony Mendez from hazing to reflect on questions of value, good/bad, and right/wrong. The document defines ethics as concerning human behavior and values. It distinguishes different types of valuation and contrasts descriptive versus normative study in ethics. It also defines key concepts like moral issues, decisions, judgments, and dilemmas. The document outlines various perspectives that inform ethical reasoning like principles, theories, and frameworks. It discusses influential philosophers like Plato and sources of ethical authority
Theories of personality
This document provides an overview of personality and various theories of personality. It defines personality and discusses its nature and characteristics. It then examines several approaches to studying personality, including physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural perspectives. The document outlines several influential theories of personality, such as type theories, trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, and humanistic theory. It also discusses determinants of personality like heredity, environment, culture, and experiences. Finally, it covers methods of assessing personality through objective tests like the MMPI and projective tests like the TAT and Rorschach inkblot test.
Differential Association Theory- Takina Morris
Edwin Sutherland developed differential association theory, which states that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and exposure to criminal and anti-criminal groups. The theory proposes that individuals learn techniques of crime and motives by associating with others who engage in or reject criminal behavior. Sutherland argued that the more one interacts with those who condone criminal acts, the more likely they are to engage in crime themselves. He supported this with a case study of a thief, showing crime is learned through social circles. Sutherland also applied this theory to white-collar crime among respected professionals.
Social Psychology-Conformity puga
1) Conformity involves changing one's attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors to fit in with a group. It can occur due to real or imagined social pressure.
2) Early studies on conformity include Sherif's autokinetic effect experiment in 1935 and Asch's line judgment experiment in 1951. Both found high rates of conformity.
3) There are two main types of conformity - informational conformity, which occurs when one lacks knowledge and looks to the group, and normative conformity, which involves fitting in socially.
Similar to Institutional aggression A2 (16)
A-Level Psychology: Institutional Aggression - New Spec
A-Level Psychology: Institutional Aggression - New Spec
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 intro social structure (ch5)
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 intro social structure (ch5)
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 social problems lecture 1 short
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 social problems lecture 1 short
Management of Hostile Behaviour of Prison Inmates with Psychoactive Substance...
Management of Hostile Behaviour of Prison Inmates with Psychoactive Substance...
SYA 4010 Sociological TheoryAnalytical Essay – Outline Worksheet.docx
SYA 4010 Sociological TheoryAnalytical Essay – Outline Worksheet.docx
Unit 3. The Ethical Dimension of Human Existence.pptx
Unit 3. The Ethical Dimension of Human Existence.pptx
More from Jill Jan
Social exchange theory
Social exchange theory proposes that individuals form relationships by weighing rewards against costs. Rewards may include companionship, sex, or care from a partner. Costs could be things like time, effort, or finances required for the relationship. According to the theory, people will commit to relationships where the rewards outweigh the costs, making the outcome profitable. The comparison level, based on past relationship experiences and expectations, represents the standard against which individuals judge current relationships. If a potential new relationship seems more rewarding than the comparison level, the individual may choose to form that relationship instead of remaining in their current one.
Factors influencing eating
This document discusses factors that influence food choices and eating behaviors. It explores how mood, social learning from parents and family, and health concerns can shape attitudes towards food. Several studies are summarized that show: 1) people in negative moods tend to consume more unhealthy foods, 2) children's food preferences correlate with their parents' choices and attitudes, and 3) media characters can influence children to try healthy foods but not override preferences for salty or sweet snacks. Social and emotional factors significantly impact eating behaviors.
Biological approach 2015
The biological approach to psychology combines biology and psychology to provide physiological explanations for human behavior. It assumes that all psychological phenomena have biological and physiological causes, such as genes, biological structures, and neurochemistry. The biological approach studies how factors like genetics and evolution influence behaviors and individual differences through concepts like genotype, phenotype, natural selection, and sexual selection. Researchers employ methods like experiments, observations, and brain imaging to investigate these influences from a scientific perspective.
Behaviourist oprant conditioning
This document provides an overview of operant conditioning from a behaviorist perspective. It begins by defining the objectives as exploring, analyzing, and evaluating operant conditioning. It then explains key concepts like reinforcement, punishment, positive and negative reinforcement, and cites studies by B.F. Skinner using rats in a Skinner box. It summarizes Skinner's findings that behaviors can be learned or modified through consequences. Strengths discussed are its scientific approach, but weaknesses include oversimplifying behavior and lack of consideration for mental processes. The document aims to help students understand, analyze, and critique the behaviorist perspective on operant conditioning.
Approaches Behaviourism- classical
This document provides information about the behaviorist approach to explaining human behavior, including classical conditioning. It discusses key concepts like Ivan Pavlov's research with dogs, John Watson's blank slate view of human nature, and Watson and Rayner's controversial study of "Little Albert." The document aims to explore and explain the behaviorist approach and classical conditioning, while also evaluating classical conditioning as an explanation of behavior. It provides context about behaviorist assumptions, Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, and Watson and Rayner's case study, which attempted to condition a child's fear but faced ethical issues.
Gender - hormones and genes
The document discusses the biological approach to gender development. It describes how biological factors like genes, hormones and brain differences influence whether a fetus develops as male or female. During development, testosterone exposure affects the formation of sex organs and later impacts behaviors by changing the brain. Studies on animals, intersex individuals and hormone correlations in humans provide some evidence linking biology to gendered behaviors, though methods have limitations. The complexity of influences on gender is exemplified by cases like Caster Semenya.
AS Social Psychology -Introducing conformity
This document discusses social influence and conformity. It defines conformity as going along with the majority view under social influence. Two classic studies are described: Sherif's autokinetic effect study showed that individuals will change their estimates to converge with the group view. Jenness' jelly bean study found that individuals will change their estimates to match the group after giving their original views. The document outlines two reasons for conformity: informational influence, where people conform due to uncertainty and desire for correctness; and normative influence, where people conform to fit in with social norms. Informational influence can lead to internalization of beliefs, while normative influence usually leads only to public compliance without private belief change.
AS Abnormal Psychology Cognitive model
This document discusses the key assumptions of the cognitive approach to mental health. It states that:
- Individuals with mental disorders have distorted and irrational thinking which can cause maladaptive behavior.
- It is usually how one thinks about a problem, rather than the problem itself, that causes psychological issues.
- People can overcome disorders by learning more adaptive thinking patterns. If one's thoughts are more positive, their mental state can improve.
A" Research Methods Reliability and validity
This document discusses the importance of validity and reliability in research. It addresses whether research tests truly measure what they aim to measure (validity) and whether the results are consistent (reliability). Specifically, it covers the concepts of internal validity, external validity, content validity, face validity, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and split-half reliability. The document emphasizes that research must demonstrate both validity and reliability to ensure the findings can be generalized and the measuring tools are sound.
AS Behaviourist treatments systematic desensitisation pp
Systematic desensitization is a form of therapy that aims to treat phobias by replacing undesirable fearful behaviors with relaxation. It uses a hierarchy of gradually exposing clients to feared stimuli, from least to most frightening, while teaching relaxation techniques. As clients learn to remain relaxed in the presence of each stimulus, their fear response is extinguished through counterconditioning. The therapy works by having the client learn relaxation skills and then systematically confronting the feared objects, starting with ones lower on the hierarchy, to replace fear responses with relaxation.
A2 Cross cultural research into gender roles
Margaret Mead conducted a famous study in the 1930s where she observed gender roles in three tribes in Papua New Guinea - the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli. She found their gender roles differed significantly from Western societies. For example, the Arapesh exhibited gentle, caring behaviors regardless of gender, while the Mundugumor were aggressive and quarrelsome. However, her findings were criticized for being unscientific and overlooking biological influences. Later studies found both cultural variation in gender roles but also important similarities across cultures, suggesting both nature and nurture impact gender roles. More research using indigenous researchers is still needed to better understand the effects of cultural context.
Behaviourist model AS Psychology
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments with dogs demonstrated that a neutral stimulus could become associated with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, resulting in the neutral stimulus eliciting the same response as the unconditioned stimulus alone. Thorndike's law of effect formed the basis of operant conditioning, showing that behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated. Behaviorism views the mind as a blank slate shaped entirely by environmental influences through reinforcement and punishment, and seeks to understand behavior objectively through empirical study and controlled experiments using both human and animal subjects.
AS Psychodynamic treatments
Psychoanalysis aims to cure mental illness by uncovering unconscious material through various techniques. Freud believed that unconscious factors and repressed memories caused many mental disorders. The main techniques discussed are free association, where patients freely express thoughts to bring repressed memories into consciousness; dream analysis, where dreams are analyzed for their latent symbolic meanings reflecting unconscious desires; and transference, where patients transfer feelings onto the therapist, providing insight into unconscious conflicts.
Psychological explanations of gender development
The document discusses cognitive theories of gender development, including gender schema theory. It explains that cognitive approaches see gender development as influenced by a child's thinking patterns and perceptions. Gender schema theory specifically proposes that children form mental models (schemas) of gender-appropriate behaviors from a young age, around 2-3 years old, and use these schemas to guide their own behavior and evaluate others. The document provides an overview of Kohlberg's stages of gender identity and constancy development, and discusses how gender schema theory builds on but differs from Kohlberg's theory in proposing an earlier emergence of gender-related schemas.
A2 Psych Gender dysphoria
Gender dysphoria refers to a mismatch between one's biological sex and gender identity. It can be explained through both biological and psychological perspectives. Biologically, prenatal hormone levels may influence brain development in a way that is inconsistent with one's sex. Studies have found some brain structures in transgender individuals resemble their identified gender rather than biological sex. However, it is difficult to separate the influences of nature and nurture on gender development. Psychologically, psychoanalytic theories propose gender dysphoria results from problems in gender identity formation. Attachment issues and conditioning may also play a role, though evidence is mixed. Most researchers agree the condition likely stems from complex interactions between biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
AS Psychodynamic approach abnormality
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalysis. He lived from 1856 to 1939, originally practicing as a doctor in Vienna but later leaving for London after the Nazi takeover of Austria. Freud's psychodynamic theory proposed that unconscious drives and desires shape conscious behavior and personality. He suggested the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego, and that unconscious conflicts between these lead to neurosis. Freud believed childhood experiences, especially in the psychosexual stages, could impact adult personality and behavior.
A2 Gender biosocial approach
The document discusses the biosocial approach to gender development, which views both biological and social factors as important in determining gender identity and behavior. Specifically:
- Gender is determined by an interaction between innate biological factors (such as sex) and environmental/social influences (like differential treatment based on sex).
- Perceptions of a child's biological sex influence how they are treated and socialized by parents and others, meaning gender is partly socially constructed.
- Studies demonstrate that adults respond differently to infants based on perceptions of their biological sex, and this influences the child's environment.
Defining abnormality
This document discusses several definitions of abnormality and their strengths and limitations. It examines defining abnormality as a deviation from social norms, but notes that social norms vary by culture and time period. Failure to function adequately is also discussed, but judging functioning is subjective. Lastly, it covers defining abnormality as a deviation from ideal mental health as proposed by Jahoda, but notes that her criteria are difficult to achieve and culturally biased. In summarizing psychiatric perspectives, the document outlines two major classification systems, the ICD and DSM, but notes disagreement between psychiatrists and issues with labeling.
Psychology AS Induction
This document provides instructions and materials for psychology students to watch videos and discuss key topics in psychology. It includes links to videos about Genie's parenting and development, Clive Wearing's memory problems, the stress response, abnormal psychology and psychiatric disorders, and social influence. For each video, it lists discussion questions for students to consider about the psychological concepts depicted. The goal is for students to watch the videos, answer the discussion questions, and then describe and discuss what they learned with the rest of the class.
More from Jill Jan (20)
AS Behaviourist treatments systematic desensitisation pp
AS Behaviourist treatments systematic desensitisation pp
Institutional aggression A2
- 2. QUIZ
- 3. What are institutions? Write down as many as you can think of! Aggression can occur WITHIN GROUPS or BETWEEN GROUPS... What do you think we mean by this?
- 4. Institutions are simply groups of people held together by a common factor They may be distinct entities, eg schools, prisons They may be distinct groups, eg police, army They may be less distinct groups, eg terrorist groups What examples of aggression can you think of for each of these institutions?
- 5. A survey of NHS services reported over 84,000 violent or abusive incidents on staff in 2000/01 (Department of Health 2002) 26,000 prisoner-prisoner assaults in US prisons (Wortley 2002)
- 6. Why do you think this behaviour occurs in institutions Take 5 minutes to jot down some ideas... STUCK? Think of the types of people, the situation and the environment!!
- 7. In pairs, brainstorm why people in prison may be aggressive
- 8. 1) Interpersonal factors- The importation model - Prisoners ‘import’ their attitudes, values ‘social histories’ and traits into the prison. (Irwin and Cressey 1962) - What influences do these have? - Write down the answer
- 9. Dispositional (individualistic ) causes This suggests that the behaviour is due to ‘a few bad apples’ and not due to the situation Therefore any aggression in prisons is due to the personalities of the individual inmates rather than the situation they have been put in General Myers, a chairman in the US Army state that the abuse at Abu Ghraib prison was not systematic abuse but in fact due to ‘rogue soldiers’
- 10. Classified prisoners into three subcultures through their values, attitudes and experiences THE CRIMINAL SUBCULTURE: • Follow the norms associated with being a thief or criminal • Values such as not betraying each other or being trustworthy amongst other criminals are important. THE CONVICT SUBCULTURE: • Have been raised in prison system • Look for positions of power or influence within the system • This group are most likely to turn to aggression • Influenced by deprivation prior to being imprisoned and bring values of that subculture inside with them. THE 'STRAIGHT' SUBCULTURE: • Tend to be one-time offenders • Weren't part of a criminal subculture before going inside • Rejects both other groups within prison and identify more with prison officers and staff • Tend not to be very aggressive whilst in prison.
- 11. 2) Situational factors- The Deprivation Model -says that the behaviour is the product of stressful/oppressive conditions of the institution itself- Paterline and Peterson 1999
- 12. Situational Forces Zimbardo claimed that many of the same psychological processes were found between the Stanford Prison Experiment and Abu Ghraib suggesting situational factors had a major impact of the behaviour of the guards However many studies do not support the deprivation model, showing pre-institutionalisation was the biggest predictor of inmate aggression regardless of the particular features of the institution
- 13. COME TO THE NEXT LESSON PREPARED WITH A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE/INTERNET SEARCH/WRITTEN DOCUMENT OF A RECENT INCIDENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL AGGRESSION PLEASE EXPLAIN IT USING THE CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES THAT WE HAVE LEARNED TODAY YOU WILL BE READING THEM OUT IN THE LESSON!!