List of insect vector transmitted plant diseases & Terminology
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This document lists insect vectors and the plant diseases they transmit. It includes viruses that infect crops like cotton, papaya, banana, potato, tomato, chilli, rice, wheat, barley, fig, and maize. It also lists fungal diseases of mango, elm, and oak, as well as bacterial diseases of citrus, sesame, and potato. The terminology section defines terms like vector, disease, epidemiology, and Koch's postulates. It describes different modes of transmission including physical, biological, circulative, propagative, persistent, non-persistent, and semi-persistent.
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List of insect vector transmitted plant diseases & Terminology
- 1. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 1 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Submitted To:- DR. JAM NAZEER AHMAD Submitted By:- Muhammad Salah-ud-Din 2016-ag-766 M.Sc. (Hons.) Entomology 2nd Semester Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
- 2. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 2 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN List of Insect Vector Transmitted Plant Diseases Crop Insect Vector Techanical Name Insect Photo Pathogen Transmitted Disease Disease Photo Viral Diseases Cotton Whitefly Homoptera: Aleyrodidae Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Papaya Whitefly Homoptera: Aleyrodidae Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle Papaya Leaf Curl Virus Banana Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pentalonia nigronervosa SSRNA Particle Banana bunchy Top Virus Potato Beetle Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Ephilachna ocellata Potato Virus X PVX
- 3. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 3 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Macrosiphum euphorbiae Potato Virus Y PVY Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Myzus persicae RNA virus Potato Leaf Roll Virus Tomato Whitefly Homoptera: Aleyrodidae Bemisia argentifolii PLRV Tomato Leaf Curl Virus
- 4. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 4 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Tomato Thrip Thysanoptera: Thripidae Frankliniella schultzei TSWV Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Chilli Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphis gossypii CMV Chilli Mosaic Whitefly Homoptera: Aleyrodidae Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle Chilli Leaf Curl Virus
- 5. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 5 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Rice Rice Leafhopper Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Nephotettix nigropictus DSRNA Particle Rice Dwaf Viirus Wheat Planthoppers Delphacidae: Hemipter Javesella pellucida SSRNA Particle Wheat Striate Mosaic Virus Wheat Curl Mite Acari : Eriophyidae Aceria tulipae Mite Wheat Spot Mosaic Virus Wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia Hemiptera : Aphididae WYLV Wheat Yellow Leaf Virus
- 6. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 6 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Barley Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Schizaphis graminum Gemnivirus Particle Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses Fig Eriophyid Mite Acari : Eriophyidae Aceria fici SSRNA Particle Fig Mosaic Virus Peach Fastidious Bud Mite Acari : Eriophyoidea Eriophyes insidiosus Peach Mosaic Virus (PMV) Maize Small Brown Planthopper, Delphacidae: Hemipter Laodelphax Striatellus DSRNA Partical Maize Rough Dwarf Virus
- 7. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 7 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Maize Leafhopper Cicadellidae: Hemipter Cicadulina Mbila Geminivirus Partical Maize Streak Mosaic Virus Fungal Diseases Mango Bark Beetle Coleoptera: Curculionidae Hypocryphalus mangiferae MSDS Mango Sudden Death Disease Mango bud (or gall) mite. Acari : Eriophyoidea Aceria mangiferae fungal Mango malformation Elm European Elm Bark Beetle Coleoptera: Curculionidae Opiostoma ulmi spore Dutch Elm Disease
- 8. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 8 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Oak Sap Beetle Coleoptera: Nitidulidae Carpophilus lugubris Ceratocystis fagacearum Oak Wilt Disease Bacterial Diseases Citrus Asian Citrus Psyllid Hemiptera: Psyllidae Diaphorina Citri Labri Bacteri Citrus Greening Sesame Indicum Leaf Hopper Cicadellidae: Hemiptera Orocious Albicineous ; O. Orientalis Phytoplasma Phylodi Pear Pear Psylla Hemiptera: Psyllidae Cacopsylla Pyricola Phytoplasma Pear Decline Phytoplasma
- 9. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 9 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Potato Psllid Potato Psyllid Triozidae : Hemiptera Bactericera Cockerelli Psyllid-Borne Bacterium Potato Zebra Chip Disease Nematodal Diseases Milkweed Milkweed Bug Hemiptera : Lygaeidae Oncopeltus fasciatus Nematode Trypanosomes
- 10. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 10 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Terminology Vector An agent that transports a microorganism from one host to another. Insects that transmit plant disease are called vectors. Disease Any condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism or body. Or Disorder of normal functioning of an organism Epidemiology The study of disease in populations of an organism. Koch’s postulates In 1890 the German physician and bacteriologist Robert Koch set out his celebrated criteria for judging whether a given bacteria is the cause of a given disease. Koch's criteria brought some much-needed scientific clarity to what was then a very confused field. 1. The organism must be regularly associated with the disease and its characteristic lesions. 2. The organism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in culture. 3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the organism is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host. 4. The same organism must be reisolated from the experimentally infected host. Koch’s postulates for the 21st century as suggested by Fredricks and Relman: 1. A nucleic acid sequence belonging to a putative pathogen should be present in most cases of an infectious disease. Microbial nucleic acids should be found preferentially in those organs or gross anatomic sites known to be diseased, and not in those organs that lack pathology. 2. Fewer, or no, copy numbers of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should occur in hosts or tissues without disease. 3. With resolution of disease, the copy number of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should decrease or become undetectable. With clinical relapse, the opposite should occur. 4. When sequence detection predates disease, or sequence copy number correlates with severity of disease or pathology, the sequence-disease association is more likely to be a causal relationship. 5. The nature of the microorganism inferred from the available sequence should be consistent with the known biological characteristics of that group of organisms. 6. Tissue-sequence correlates should be sought at the cellular level: efforts should be made to demonstrate specific in situ hybridization of microbial sequence to areas of tissue pathology and to visible microorganisms or to areas where microorganisms are presumed to be located. 7. These sequence-based forms of evidence for microbial causation should be reproducible.
- 11. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017 11 February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN Transmission Transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. Physical Transmission In case of mechanical transmission the pathogen is simply carried externally or internally by the insect. Mostly Caused insects that have biting/chewing mouthparts. Biological Transmission Specific insect and the specific viral pathogen have some kind of association or relationship between the two. Mostly Caused insects that have sucking mouthparts. 1) Circulative, propagative and Persistent Transmission: The virus circulates in the host but actually infects insect cells and replicates in the vector. 2) Non-Persistent and Non-circulative (NC) Transmission: The virus binds the stylet during feeding and is released when the insect secrets saliva on a new feeding place. Transmission-Stylet Borne. Virus Acquired in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds. Virus Transmitted in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds. Virus Retained by the Vector for < One Hour. 3) Semi-Persistent Require Longer Acquisition Times, up to Several Minutes of Feeding Very Short Latent Period Transmissible Within A Couple of Hours Vector Retains the Ability to Transmit the Virus for Several Hours up to Several Days—Looses Ability to Transmit the Virus After a Molt. Source of Disease Transmission i. Water ii. Soil iii. Insect & Mite iv. Human v. Animal vi. Birds