It's all about how computer takes input or give output.
Covered Topics :
Bus > Serial Port, Parallel Port, USB Port
Input Units:
> Keyboard, MICR, OMR, OCR,
OUput Unit:
> Printer (Types of Printer and work operation), CRT
Computer Basics | Computer Fundamental and OrganizationSmit Luvani
It's all about how old computer look, how they more implement and how it works?
Covered Topic :
Simple Computer Model
Characteristics of Computer
Generation of Computer
Stored Program Concept: Vonn-Neumann Architecture
This document provides information about input/output devices, the central processing unit (CPU), and CPU components. It discusses common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, digital camera and microphone. It also covers output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers. The document explains that the CPU is the brain of the computer and performs all data processing according to instructions. The CPU has components like the arithmetic logic unit, arithmetic unit, logic unit, and control unit that help it perform operations.
This document discusses various computer input, output, and memory devices. It describes common input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and magnetic ink character recognition devices. It also covers output devices such as monitors in CRT, LCD, LED forms and printers as impact printers like dot matrix and line printers, and non-impact printers. Memory devices discussed include primary memory like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard disks.
This document discusses input and output devices. It describes several major input devices including the keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical mark reader, light pen, bar code reader, and magnetic ink character reader. It then discusses various output devices such as monitors, printers (including impact printers like dot matrix printers and non-impact printers like inkjet and laser printers), speakers, plotters, and multimedia projectors. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of these common input and output hardware devices used with computers.
This document discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes common input devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and barcode reader which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer. It then explains key output devices such as computer monitors, printers in different types like dot matrix, inkjet and laser, plotters which produce drawings, and microfilm/microfiche which store large amounts of data on film.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, and touchscreen. It also discusses output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers. Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer, while output devices are used to communicate the results of processing to users.
The document discusses various input, output, and memory devices used in computers. It describes keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, and other input devices. Output devices mentioned include monitors, printers, plotters and speakers. The main types of computer memory are described as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), cache memory, and various secondary storage devices such as hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes, flash drives, and cloud storage.
Input and Output Devices PPT by Aamir Saleem AnsariTech
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Depending on the interaction, a device can be both, referred to as an input/output or I/O device.
For example, as you can see in the top half of the image, a keyboard sends electrical signals, which are received by the computer (input). Those signals are then interpreted by the computer and displayed on the monitor as text (output). In the lower half of the image, the computer sends data to a printer, which will print the data onto a piece of paper (output).
An input device can send data to another device, but it cannot receive data from another device. Examples of an input device include a computer keyboard and mouse, which can send data (input) to the computer, but they cannot receive or reproduce information (output) from the computer.
An output device can receive data from another device, but it cannot send data to another device. Examples of an output device include a computer monitor, projector, and speakers, which can receive data (output) from the computer, but they cannot send information (input) to the computer.
Computer Basics | Computer Fundamental and OrganizationSmit Luvani
It's all about how old computer look, how they more implement and how it works?
Covered Topic :
Simple Computer Model
Characteristics of Computer
Generation of Computer
Stored Program Concept: Vonn-Neumann Architecture
This document provides information about input/output devices, the central processing unit (CPU), and CPU components. It discusses common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, digital camera and microphone. It also covers output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers. The document explains that the CPU is the brain of the computer and performs all data processing according to instructions. The CPU has components like the arithmetic logic unit, arithmetic unit, logic unit, and control unit that help it perform operations.
This document discusses various computer input, output, and memory devices. It describes common input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and magnetic ink character recognition devices. It also covers output devices such as monitors in CRT, LCD, LED forms and printers as impact printers like dot matrix and line printers, and non-impact printers. Memory devices discussed include primary memory like RAM and secondary storage devices like hard disks.
This document discusses input and output devices. It describes several major input devices including the keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical mark reader, light pen, bar code reader, and magnetic ink character reader. It then discusses various output devices such as monitors, printers (including impact printers like dot matrix printers and non-impact printers like inkjet and laser printers), speakers, plotters, and multimedia projectors. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of these common input and output hardware devices used with computers.
This document discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes common input devices like the mouse, keyboard, joystick, scanner, and barcode reader which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer. It then explains key output devices such as computer monitors, printers in different types like dot matrix, inkjet and laser, plotters which produce drawings, and microfilm/microfiche which store large amounts of data on film.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, and touchscreen. It also discusses output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers. Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer, while output devices are used to communicate the results of processing to users.
The document discusses various input, output, and memory devices used in computers. It describes keyboards, mice, touch screens, microphones, and other input devices. Output devices mentioned include monitors, printers, plotters and speakers. The main types of computer memory are described as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), cache memory, and various secondary storage devices such as hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, magnetic tapes, flash drives, and cloud storage.
Input and Output Devices PPT by Aamir Saleem AnsariTech
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Depending on the interaction, a device can be both, referred to as an input/output or I/O device.
For example, as you can see in the top half of the image, a keyboard sends electrical signals, which are received by the computer (input). Those signals are then interpreted by the computer and displayed on the monitor as text (output). In the lower half of the image, the computer sends data to a printer, which will print the data onto a piece of paper (output).
An input device can send data to another device, but it cannot receive data from another device. Examples of an input device include a computer keyboard and mouse, which can send data (input) to the computer, but they cannot receive or reproduce information (output) from the computer.
An output device can receive data from another device, but it cannot send data to another device. Examples of an output device include a computer monitor, projector, and speakers, which can receive data (output) from the computer, but they cannot send information (input) to the computer.
presentation on software,hardware and input output devicesBindiya syed
The document discusses different types of computers and their uses. It describes personal computers like desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It also discusses organizational computers including network servers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. The document then covers types of software like system software, utility software, and applications software. Finally, it discusses the main hardware components of a computer system including the processor, main memory, secondary memory, input devices, and output devices.
Input and output devices allow interaction between users and computers. Input devices receive data for processing while output devices display or print the processed data. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, and webcams. Keyboards allow text input while pointing devices like mice allow navigation. Scanners digitize physical documents and images. Microphones and webcams capture audio and video.
Input and output devices allow a computer to communicate with the outside world. Input devices, like keyboards, mice, and cameras bring information into the computer, while output devices, like monitors, printers, speakers, and plotters send information out of the computer. Some input devices require physical operation, like keyboards and mice, while others are automatic sensors, such as barcode readers. Common output devices include monitors to display information visually and printers to produce hard copies.
The Output Devices of computer system are electromagnetic devices or gadgets that accepts or acknowledge data or informations from computer system and translate and converts the data in human readable or intelligent form. Generally output can be obtained and acquire mainly in two distinct and different ways Softcopy and Hardcopy.At the point when handled data or information is stored in computer memory is given to an output unit then this processed or prepared data or information is displayed to user in such a way that they can easily read
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It begins by defining input/output devices and their roles in facilitating communication between computers and the external world. It then describes several commonly used input devices such as keyboards, pointing devices, scanners, and microphones for speech recognition. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate how these devices function. It aims to help readers understand the basic concepts and purposes of the different I/O devices used in computer systems.
Secondary storage devices are required mainly because primary storage devices are volatile and information is lost the moment power is switched off. Floppy Disks and Drive, Hard Disks, CD/DVD drive, Pen drive and magnetic tapes are some of the secondary storage devices.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Assignment of input and output devices Mûshâråf Kĥãʼn
This document describes the main hardware components of a computer. It discusses input devices like scanners, webcams, keyboards, and mice. It then covers output devices such as LED and LCD displays, printers, and speakers. The document also examines storage devices like primary storage in RAM and secondary external storage. Finally, it discusses the processing device at the heart of all computers - the central processing unit or CPU.
This document provides an introduction to computers, covering key topics such as computer components, types of computers, and classification of computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to instructions and can accept input, manipulate data, provide output, and save information. The three main components of a basic computer are the central processing unit, memory, and input/output devices. Computers are classified as analogue, digital, or hybrid based on how they represent and process data. Larger sections cover input/output devices like the mouse, keyboard, monitor, and system unit in more detail.
This document provides an overview of a computer and information systems course for the 1st semester of a BBA program. It covers input and output devices, describing keyboards, mice, and scanners as common input devices and monitors, printers, and speakers as output devices that convert information into readable forms. The document concludes that input and output devices allow users to communicate with computers and are essential peripherals that work with the central processing unit.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, touch screen, and scanners. It also covers output devices such as monitors, LCD displays, and printers including dot matrix, laser, and inkjet printers. The document provides details on how each device functions and its applications.
This document defines and discusses various types of computer output devices. It begins by defining an output device as any hardware that communicates the results of data processing to humans. It then lists and describes common types of output including text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. The document also provides an overview of the computer processing steps involving input, processing, output, and storage. Examples of specific output devices mentioned include speakers, headphones, printers, LCD monitors, and regular computer monitors. It concludes by categorizing output devices into those that produce visual/printed output, audio output, and devices that use control as output.
This document provides an overview of common computer input and output devices. It describes keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchpads, scanners, cameras, microphones and sensors that serve as inputs. As outputs, it outlines monitors, projectors, speakers, printers like inkjet and laser printers, and actuators such as motors, pumps and buzzers that can control real-world devices. Input devices convert real-world data to digital signals for computers, while output devices take computers' digital outputs and display or actuate them in the physical world.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computers. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanners, microphones, and digital cameras. It explains how these devices work and their advantages and disadvantages. The document also covers various types of output devices including monitors, printers, plotters and speakers. It provides details on CRT and LCD monitors and different types of printers like impact, non-impact, inkjet and laser printers.
Output devices convey processed data and information to users. Display devices like monitors visually output text, graphics, and video using technologies like CRT, LCD, plasma, and projectors. Printers in turn output hard copies on paper using impact, inkjet, laser, and other technologies. Other output devices include audio speakers, fax machines, and multifunction devices that combine printing, scanning, copying, and faxing functions. Output devices are adapted for physically challenged users through accessibility features and specialized devices like Braille printers.
This chapter discusses common computer input devices like the keyboard and mouse. It describes the standard QWERTY keyboard layout and the purpose of different types of keys. Mice can be mechanical or optical, and variants include trackballs and touchpads. Proper ergonomics are important to prevent repetitive strain injuries when using input devices extensively. The keyboard and mouse allow users to interact with computers by entering text, numbers, commands and selecting options.
Computer hardware devices include webcams, which connect to computers using USB ports and are used for video calls and conferencing. Scanners optically scan documents and images into digital formats, and come in flatbed and handheld varieties. Mice are pointing devices that detect motion on a surface to move a cursor. Speakers connect to computers using audio jacks and amplify sound. Trackballs are like upside-down mice with exposed balls that users roll to move a cursor. Light pens were used with CRT monitors to point at and draw on screens.
This document discusses computer peripheral devices and their functions. It defines peripheral devices as external objects that provide input and output for computers. It describes several types of input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones that feed data into computers. It also discusses various output devices like monitors, printers, and projectors that display or print the computer's output. The document explains how interface chips and decoders help synchronize data transfer between the CPU and input/output devices.
The document discusses the basic components and functions of a computer system. It describes how input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners are used to input information into the computer's main memory. It also explains how output devices like printers, monitors, and speakers allow the computer to output information from its main memory. Examples are given of common input devices like keyboards, webcams, and microphones and output devices such as printers, monitors, and speakers.
The document discusses the main hardware components of a computer system and peripheral devices. The core internal components are the motherboard, CPU, memory and storage drives. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to input data while output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers are used to output data. Peripheral devices are connected externally to the computer and include components like scanners, webcams and external storage drives.
Danyal Ahmad presented to Prof Azhar Iqbal on input and output devices. The presentation defined input as instructions given to the computer for processing, and outlined common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and touch screen. It defined output as processed data in a useful form, and described typical output devices such as monitors, speakers, and printers. Different monitor types like CRT and flat panel were explained, as were impact and non-impact printers.
The document provides information on various communication protocols used in embedded systems, including serial communication protocols like RS-232, I2C, CAN bus, USB, SPI and parallel communication. It discusses the need for communication in embedded systems, different interface options based on whether the devices are serial, parallel or wireless. For each protocol, it covers the working, features, advantages and applications. Max232 and Max233 ICs used for interfacing microcontrollers with RS-232 are also explained.
The document discusses input/output organization. It covers peripheral devices, input-output interfaces, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer including programmed I/O, interrupt-initiated I/O, and direct memory access (DMA), priority interrupts, and input-output processors. Specifically, it describes how priority interrupts work using both software polling and hardware daisy chaining approaches, and how parallel priority interrupts use an interrupt register, mask register, and priority encoder to determine the highest priority interrupt request.
presentation on software,hardware and input output devicesBindiya syed
The document discusses different types of computers and their uses. It describes personal computers like desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. It also discusses organizational computers including network servers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. The document then covers types of software like system software, utility software, and applications software. Finally, it discusses the main hardware components of a computer system including the processor, main memory, secondary memory, input devices, and output devices.
Input and output devices allow interaction between users and computers. Input devices receive data for processing while output devices display or print the processed data. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, and webcams. Keyboards allow text input while pointing devices like mice allow navigation. Scanners digitize physical documents and images. Microphones and webcams capture audio and video.
Input and output devices allow a computer to communicate with the outside world. Input devices, like keyboards, mice, and cameras bring information into the computer, while output devices, like monitors, printers, speakers, and plotters send information out of the computer. Some input devices require physical operation, like keyboards and mice, while others are automatic sensors, such as barcode readers. Common output devices include monitors to display information visually and printers to produce hard copies.
The Output Devices of computer system are electromagnetic devices or gadgets that accepts or acknowledge data or informations from computer system and translate and converts the data in human readable or intelligent form. Generally output can be obtained and acquire mainly in two distinct and different ways Softcopy and Hardcopy.At the point when handled data or information is stored in computer memory is given to an output unit then this processed or prepared data or information is displayed to user in such a way that they can easily read
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It begins by defining input/output devices and their roles in facilitating communication between computers and the external world. It then describes several commonly used input devices such as keyboards, pointing devices, scanners, and microphones for speech recognition. The document provides examples and diagrams to illustrate how these devices function. It aims to help readers understand the basic concepts and purposes of the different I/O devices used in computer systems.
Secondary storage devices are required mainly because primary storage devices are volatile and information is lost the moment power is switched off. Floppy Disks and Drive, Hard Disks, CD/DVD drive, Pen drive and magnetic tapes are some of the secondary storage devices.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Assignment of input and output devices Mûshâråf Kĥãʼn
This document describes the main hardware components of a computer. It discusses input devices like scanners, webcams, keyboards, and mice. It then covers output devices such as LED and LCD displays, printers, and speakers. The document also examines storage devices like primary storage in RAM and secondary external storage. Finally, it discusses the processing device at the heart of all computers - the central processing unit or CPU.
This document provides an introduction to computers, covering key topics such as computer components, types of computers, and classification of computers. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to instructions and can accept input, manipulate data, provide output, and save information. The three main components of a basic computer are the central processing unit, memory, and input/output devices. Computers are classified as analogue, digital, or hybrid based on how they represent and process data. Larger sections cover input/output devices like the mouse, keyboard, monitor, and system unit in more detail.
This document provides an overview of a computer and information systems course for the 1st semester of a BBA program. It covers input and output devices, describing keyboards, mice, and scanners as common input devices and monitors, printers, and speakers as output devices that convert information into readable forms. The document concludes that input and output devices allow users to communicate with computers and are essential peripherals that work with the central processing unit.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computer systems. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, touch screen, and scanners. It also covers output devices such as monitors, LCD displays, and printers including dot matrix, laser, and inkjet printers. The document provides details on how each device functions and its applications.
This document defines and discusses various types of computer output devices. It begins by defining an output device as any hardware that communicates the results of data processing to humans. It then lists and describes common types of output including text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. The document also provides an overview of the computer processing steps involving input, processing, output, and storage. Examples of specific output devices mentioned include speakers, headphones, printers, LCD monitors, and regular computer monitors. It concludes by categorizing output devices into those that produce visual/printed output, audio output, and devices that use control as output.
This document provides an overview of common computer input and output devices. It describes keyboards, pointing devices like mice and touchpads, scanners, cameras, microphones and sensors that serve as inputs. As outputs, it outlines monitors, projectors, speakers, printers like inkjet and laser printers, and actuators such as motors, pumps and buzzers that can control real-world devices. Input devices convert real-world data to digital signals for computers, while output devices take computers' digital outputs and display or actuate them in the physical world.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computers. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanners, microphones, and digital cameras. It explains how these devices work and their advantages and disadvantages. The document also covers various types of output devices including monitors, printers, plotters and speakers. It provides details on CRT and LCD monitors and different types of printers like impact, non-impact, inkjet and laser printers.
Output devices convey processed data and information to users. Display devices like monitors visually output text, graphics, and video using technologies like CRT, LCD, plasma, and projectors. Printers in turn output hard copies on paper using impact, inkjet, laser, and other technologies. Other output devices include audio speakers, fax machines, and multifunction devices that combine printing, scanning, copying, and faxing functions. Output devices are adapted for physically challenged users through accessibility features and specialized devices like Braille printers.
This chapter discusses common computer input devices like the keyboard and mouse. It describes the standard QWERTY keyboard layout and the purpose of different types of keys. Mice can be mechanical or optical, and variants include trackballs and touchpads. Proper ergonomics are important to prevent repetitive strain injuries when using input devices extensively. The keyboard and mouse allow users to interact with computers by entering text, numbers, commands and selecting options.
Computer hardware devices include webcams, which connect to computers using USB ports and are used for video calls and conferencing. Scanners optically scan documents and images into digital formats, and come in flatbed and handheld varieties. Mice are pointing devices that detect motion on a surface to move a cursor. Speakers connect to computers using audio jacks and amplify sound. Trackballs are like upside-down mice with exposed balls that users roll to move a cursor. Light pens were used with CRT monitors to point at and draw on screens.
This document discusses computer peripheral devices and their functions. It defines peripheral devices as external objects that provide input and output for computers. It describes several types of input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones that feed data into computers. It also discusses various output devices like monitors, printers, and projectors that display or print the computer's output. The document explains how interface chips and decoders help synchronize data transfer between the CPU and input/output devices.
The document discusses the basic components and functions of a computer system. It describes how input devices such as keyboards, mice, and scanners are used to input information into the computer's main memory. It also explains how output devices like printers, monitors, and speakers allow the computer to output information from its main memory. Examples are given of common input devices like keyboards, webcams, and microphones and output devices such as printers, monitors, and speakers.
The document discusses the main hardware components of a computer system and peripheral devices. The core internal components are the motherboard, CPU, memory and storage drives. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to input data while output devices such as monitors, printers and speakers are used to output data. Peripheral devices are connected externally to the computer and include components like scanners, webcams and external storage drives.
Danyal Ahmad presented to Prof Azhar Iqbal on input and output devices. The presentation defined input as instructions given to the computer for processing, and outlined common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and touch screen. It defined output as processed data in a useful form, and described typical output devices such as monitors, speakers, and printers. Different monitor types like CRT and flat panel were explained, as were impact and non-impact printers.
The document provides information on various communication protocols used in embedded systems, including serial communication protocols like RS-232, I2C, CAN bus, USB, SPI and parallel communication. It discusses the need for communication in embedded systems, different interface options based on whether the devices are serial, parallel or wireless. For each protocol, it covers the working, features, advantages and applications. Max232 and Max233 ICs used for interfacing microcontrollers with RS-232 are also explained.
The document discusses input/output organization. It covers peripheral devices, input-output interfaces, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer including programmed I/O, interrupt-initiated I/O, and direct memory access (DMA), priority interrupts, and input-output processors. Specifically, it describes how priority interrupts work using both software polling and hardware daisy chaining approaches, and how parallel priority interrupts use an interrupt register, mask register, and priority encoder to determine the highest priority interrupt request.
The document discusses the main hardware and software components of a computer. It describes that hardware refers to the physical parts like the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory. Software refers to the programs and instructions that control what the hardware can do.
The document summarizes the various connectors and ports located on the back and front sides of a personal computer (PC). On the back side, it describes the switch mode power supply (SMPS), SMPS fan, power input socket, PS/2 ports for keyboard and mouse, USB ports, DVI and HDMI ports for displays, VGA port, LAN port, and audio ports. It also mentions expansion slots. On the front side, it outlines the DVD-writer drive, power and HDD activity LEDs, reset switch, front USB ports, and front audio ports along with the power switch.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard interface that allows devices to be connected using a single standardized port. It replaced multiple previous standards with a single connection type. RS-232 is an older serial communication standard that defines the signals and connectors used between data terminal equipment and data communication equipment for asynchronous transmission of data. Firewire (IEEE 1394) is a serial bus interface standard that allows for high-speed communications and has features like hot pluggability and power delivery through the cable. It has higher maximum speeds than USB but shorter cable lengths.
Congratulations! #You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points######################################################### have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app №########################################################################################################################################################################################################################№##################################№#################################################################################onelink.to/tn3ze7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem points using Fonepay app ######onelink.to/tn3z#####################№№#########################e7Congratulations! You have earned 30 reward points for the first Fonepay transaction. Your balance is 30. Redeem p#################################
The document provides an overview of microprocessor-based instrumentation systems. It discusses how microprocessors are able to perform complex tasks from basic computations through programs. Microprocessor-based instrumentation systems offer benefits like being multipurpose, providing immense computational power and data analysis capabilities, enabling automation and control, and allowing for data logging and remote transmission. While offering improved efficiency and accuracy over traditional systems, microprocessor-based systems also involve additional complexity, costs, and programming requirements.
This document discusses input/output organization and peripheral devices. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Peripheral devices allow input and output between the computer and external environment. The document outlines different types of input devices, output devices, and input/output devices. It also discusses the input/output interface which provides communication between the CPU, memory, and peripheral devices by resolving differences in data formats, transfer rates, and operating modes.
A peripheral device provides input/output functions for a computer as an auxiliary device without core computing functionality. Peripheral devices are classified into input devices, output devices, and storage devices. An input/output interface helps transfer information between internal storage and external peripheral devices. It resolves differences in data formats and speeds between the CPU and peripheral devices. The interface provides control signals and buffers data to synchronize operations. Computers can use separate I/O and memory buses or a common bus with separate control lines or common control lines to communicate with peripherals and memory.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware components and their functions. It discusses the major internal components of a computer system including the central processing unit (CPU), motherboard, memory, expansion bus, power supply, hard drive, and optical drive. It also describes common input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and port types including USB, serial, and video ports. The document provides definitions and examples of these various computer hardware components and their roles in processing and transferring digital information.
The document discusses the core hardware and software components of a computer system. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like the motherboard, processor, memory, storage devices, ports, and peripherals. Software is defined as computer programs that perform tasks on the system like operating systems, applications, and utilities. The document then provides details on the main internal components of a system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, storage devices, and expansion cards. It also discusses common peripherals and input/output devices that connect to the system unit.
This document provides an overview of computer basics, including definitions of hardware, software, and data. It examines the roles of the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. It also discusses operating systems and application software, as well as best practices for maintaining computer systems and components. The document concludes with a brief section on ergonomics.
Chapter 1 Introduction to computer componentsBoonsaaMulataa
The document provides an introduction to computer components and their functions. It discusses the basic definition of a computer, its main activities of input, processing, and output. It then describes the typical hardware components of a personal computer system, including the system unit, input/output devices, motherboard, power supply, drives, and adapter cards. It also gives an overview of software types like system software and application software, as well as programming languages at different levels including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. The document concludes by covering topics like algorithm development, pseudo code, flowcharts, and providing examples.
Commnunication ports and memory card chapter 1Mukesh Thakur
The document discusses different types of computer buses and ports. It describes that a bus is a system that transfers data between computer components using wires. It specifically discusses the address bus, which carries memory addresses; the data bus, which carries data between components; and the control bus, which carries control signals. It then discusses different types of communication ports including serial ports, parallel ports, RJ-45 ports, RJ-11 ports, USB ports, AGP ports, IR ports, Bluetooth, network ports, phone ports, and various types of memory cards.
A+ certification (Core hardware) Pc Maintenance muhammadishrat11
What does A+ Certification mean?
The A+ certification is a basic certification that demonstrates proficiency with computer hardware and operating systems (OS). It is governed by nonprofit trade association CompTIA. The A+ certification helps prove the recipient's proficiency with the use of computers and related devices.
Techopedia explains A+ Certification
Core elements of A+ certification criteria include knowledge of computer anatomy, which is why many experts suggest that those pursuing this credential practice assembling and disassembling a physical computer. Other areas involve operating systems (OS) and knowledge of Microsoft products. Those seeking A+ certification also should be knowledgeable about certain tasks, like booting up a computer with various installed operating systems (OS).
In addition to hardware configuration aspects, the A+ test also covers computer data usage elements, such as the basic structure of binary data and various aspects of file input/output (I/O). Test prep materials and other resources showing specific A+ certification test topics are available.
The input-output subsystem allows communication between the central computer system and external devices. Peripherals like keyboards, printers, and storage devices are connected via interface units that resolve differences in data formats and transfer rates. There are two main methods for organizing input-output - isolated I/O uses separate instructions to access interface registers, while memory-mapped I/O accesses peripherals through memory addresses on a shared bus. Asynchronous transfer between asynchronous units like the CPU and I/O interfaces requires control signals to synchronize the transmission of data.
This document provides information on input/output organization and interfaces in a computer system. It discusses different I/O techniques like interrupts and direct memory access. Interrupts allow I/O devices to signal the processor when they need attention. Direct memory access enables high-speed transfer of data directly between I/O devices and memory without processor involvement. The document also describes common I/O bus standards like PCI, SCSI and USB and how they facilitate communication between devices and the computer.
The document discusses various aspects of input and output devices and their interface with the central processing unit of a computer system. It describes how peripherals like keyboards, displays and printers are connected and controlled. It explains the different modes of data transfer between CPU and peripherals, including programmed I/O, interrupt-initiated I/O, and direct memory access. The document also covers topics like asynchronous and synchronous data transmission, handshaking, and hardware priority interrupts.
Similar to Input Output Device | Computer Fundamental and Organiation (20)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
3. Bus
• It is set of parallel lines used to connect two or more devices of a computer.
• All buses are used to transfer data in the form of bits from one component to
another component.
• Types of Bus
– Internal bus
– External bus
• Internal bus
– A bus or set of wires which connects the various components inside a
computer is known as internal bus.
– It is used for internal communication purpose. It connects various components
inside the cabinet, like CPU, memory and motherboard. It is also known as
system bus.
• External bus
– A bus or set of wires which is used connect outer components to computer is
known as external bus.
– It allows different external devices to be connected to computer.
– It is slower than internal or system bus. It is also known as expansion bus.
4. Serial Port
• It is serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out
one bit at a time.
• Throughout most of the history if the personal computers, data was transferred
through serial ports to devices such as a modems, terminals and various
peripherals.
• It contains 9 pin.
• Pin 1 and pin 5 on computer’s port connect respectively, to pin 8 and pin 7 on
modem port. Pin 1 and 8 are share common ground connection. Pin 5 and 7 let
the PC detect a phone-line signal.
• Pin 6 sends a signal that data is ready to be send.
• Pin 4 on PC connect to pin 20 on the modem. It signals that the PC is working
properly to receive data.
• Pin 7 on PC connect to pin 4 on modem and modem create request that modem is
ready to receive data.
• pin 8 on the PC sends a signal to pin 5 on the modem when PC is ready to receive
data from modem
5. Cont…
• pin 2 se on PC sends a data to pin 3 on the modem only one bit either 0 or 1 bit
can travel along a wire at a time. The fact that data is sent serially gives the
connection its name.
• Pin 3 on PC receives data from pin 2 on the modem. Again the bit can move
through the wire, only one bit at a time.
• Pin 9 on the PC connects to pin 22 on the modem to detect a telephone ring.
6.
7. Parallel Port
• A connector for a device that sends or receive several bit of data
simultaneously by using more than one wire.
• It is also known as a printer port.
• It contains 25 lines.
• A signal to the PC on line 13 tells the computer that the printer is ready to
receive data.
• Data is loaded on line 2 through 9 in form of “high” voltage signal
– About five voltage signal signify a 1
– Nearly zero voltage signal signify a 0
• After the voltages have been set on all lines, line 1 sends a strobe signal to
the printer for one microsecond to let the printer know that it should read
the voltage on the data lines.
• A signal from the printer on line 11 tells the PC when the printer is too
busy so PC should refrain from sending the next byte until the signal is
cleared. A busy signal might be generated because the printer is printing
the last character, the buffer is full, there is paper jam, or any other
condition that prevents the printer from using any further data.
8. Cont...
• A signal on line 10 acknowledges about receiving the data set on line 2
through 9 and tells the PC that the printer is ready to receive another
character.
• Line 12 sends a signal from the printer to the PC if the printer runs out of
the paper.
• The printer uses line 15 to tell the PC some error condition exist, such as a
jammed print head or an open panel. It doesn’t specify the nature of error.
• A signal from the PC on line 16 causes the printer to reset itself to its
original state-the same as if the printer were turned off and on.
• A low voltage or zero voltage signal from the PC on line 14 tells the printer
to advance the paper line when it receives a carriage return code . A high
voltage signal tell the printer to advance the paper line only when it
receives a line advance code from the printer.
• A signal from PC on line 17 tells the printer not to accept data. This line is
used only with some printers, which are designed to be switched on and
off by the PC. Line 18 through 25 are simply grounded lines.
9.
10. USB port
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) controller – a set of specialized chips and
connections- act as an interface between software and hardware.
Operating system, and device drivers – which provides details about how
particular hardware devices work – sends commands and data to the USB
host hub, located on the controller.
• Leading from the host hub are special USB connectors, or ports. Matching,
four wire cables plug into the ports.
• The cable can attach to another hub, the only purpose of which is to
provide more ports to which USB devices are attached – sort of a digital
extension card.
• or a cable can lead directly to the USB device, such as webcam. It support
connections for every type of external peripherals like keyboard, mouse,
modem, external hard drive, microphone, scanner and printer. Two of the
four wires in the USB cable are used to supply a limited amount of
electrical power to peripherals, sometimes eliminating bulky power
supplies.
11. Cont...
• Other two lines called D+ and D- are used for sending data and
commands. A high voltage on D+ but not on D- is a 1 bit. A high voltage on
D- but not on D+ is a 0 bit.
• Any USB device can also include a hub, like a monitor. Suppose monitor
contain USB port for multimedia speakers, microphone. These devices can
provide ports for further USB hardware.
• when new USB device is plugged into a port, it automatically causes a
voltage change on one of the two data wires. If the voltage is applied to
D+, the peripheral is saying that it’s a high speed device, capable of
sending 12 megabits per second, used for monitors, scanners, printers,
and other devices that send a high volume of data. D- indicates it can get
by with a slow transfer speed of 1.5MBPS, for keyboard or mouse.
• It allows automatic configuration of internal PC components, the USB host
controller tells the new device to identify itself, finds out what it requires
for sending and receiving data, and assign the device an identification
number.
12. Cont...
• Now the new device is official device of the bus, it takes place in device to
issue command, to ask whether the device is ready to send or receive
data. It sends queries or command to all device on USB. All messages are
begins with a token that identifies to which device it’s addressed. Message
goes to all device on bus, but don’t match the token address simply ignore
it. Device send data to host only after host gives them permission.
• USB can work with three types of data transfer with their priorities.
– Highest priority Isochronous, or real time where there can be no
interruption in the flow of data, such as video or sound.
– Second highest priority interrupt transfer, which occur only when a
device, such as a keyboard or joystick, generates as occasional
interrupt signal to get the processor’s attention.
– When time permits priority bulk transfer of data for printers,
scanners, and digital cameras, in which there’s a lot of data to send
but no particular hurry to get it there.
13.
14. Input Units: Keyboard
• The most common input unit is a keyboard used for manual data entry.
• It is called QWERTY keyboard because these are the first six letters in third
row from top.
• The arrangement of letters was standardized for mechanical typewriters in
the last century but has continued as most typist are used to it and there
is unwillingness to change.
• Keyboard consist of the following major categories of keys:
– Letter keys: these are the 26 letters of English alphabet arranged as in
a typewriter.
– Digit keys: there are two sets of digit keys; one on the second row
from the top of the keyboard just as typewriter, and the other is
numeric keypad at the bottom right which allows quick entry of
numbers with the fingers of one hand.
– Special character keys: these are characters such as
<,>,?,/,{,},[,],(,),.,”,.!,@,#,$,%,^,&,*,-,+,=,_. Most of this printed when
shift key on CPU is pressed down and the key on which it is written is
pressed.
15. Cont...
– Non-printable control keys: this are used for backspacing, going to
next line, tabulation, moving the cursor up or down, insert, delete
characters etc. There is also a spacebar at bottom for leaving space.
– Function keys: these are labelled F1, F2, upto F15 and when pressed
invoke programs stored in the computer.
• Functions of non-printable control keys are listed below:
– Backspace key: this key backs the cursor to the previous character and
deletes the current character. If it is pressed 3 times the 3 previous
characters are deleted.
– Enter key: at the end of a line of typing, this key is pressed to go to
next line.
– Arrow keys: moves the cursor up, down, back and forward.
– Tab key: moves the cursor to the next tab stop.
– Shift key: when kept pressed and a letter key is pressed, the upper
case letter is printed.
16.
17. MICR
• Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
• In this method, human readable characters are printed on documents
using special magnetic ink. A magnetic ink character reader can recognize
such characters.
• In a cheque, the cheque number and branch code are pre-printed at the
bottom using magnetic ink. The amount written in the cheque is later
entered by a clerk using a machine ink which prints the amount with
magnetic ink.
• The cheque itself can now read using a special input unit which can
recognize magnetic ink characters.
• This method eliminates the need to manually enter data from cheques.
• Besides saving time, this method ensures accuracy of data entry.
18.
19. OMR
• Optical Mark Reading and Recognition (OMR).
• In this method special pre printed forms are designed with boxes which
can be mark with a dark pensile or ink.
• Each box is annotated distinctly so that the user clearly understand his
response when he darkens a box. Such a document read by document
reader transcribes(type) the marks into electronic pulses which are
transmitted to the computer.
• These documents are applicable in the areas where responses are one out
of a small number of alternatives and the volume of data to be processed
in large. They are used for:
– Objective type answer papers in examination in which large number of
candidates appear.
– Market surveys, population surveys, etc where responses can be
restricted to one or more out of a few possibilities.
– Order forms containing few choice of items.
– Time sheets of factory employees in which start and stop times may
be marked.
20. Cont...
• The advantage of this method is that data is entered in its source and no
further manual transcription(written or printed version) is required.
• This minimizes data entry error.
• The main disadvantage is the need for accurate alignment of printing on
forms and the need for good quality expensive paper.
• The form cannot be redesigned frequently because any change will
require reprinting of the form which is expensive.
21.
22. OCR
• Optical Character Recognition(OCR)
• An optical scanner is used to read an image, convert it into set of 0s and 1s
and store this in computer’s memory.
• The image may be hand written document, a typed or a printed document
or a picture.
• Example:
– The image is drawn on graph sheet. If the image is drawn over an
intersection of a horizontal and a vertical line of the graph, the image
is represented by 0. if not it is represented by a 1.
– The representation of drawing as 0s and 1s is called the bit map of the
image. Each bit in the representation of the image is called pixel.
• A CRT converts an image to an equivalent bitmap representation. There
are two main type of scanner.
– Hand- held scanner
– Flat bed scanner
23. Cont...
• Hand held scanner
– It is around 13cm long and 15cm wide with a handle to enable it to be
held conveniently in hand.
– Material is placed over material to be scanned and slowly drag from
the top to the bottom.
– The light is not reflected by black lines but it is reflected by white
areas. The material is converted and stored as bitmap.
– If the scanner is moved slowly the image is converted into 400 bits per
inch and stored.
– The hand held scanner is expensive device costing around Rs. 1000/-.
– The scanner has to be dragged very steadily and carefully over the
material. If it is not dragged carefully, the conversion of the material
into bitmap will not be correct.
– It is thus is used in cases where high accuracy is not needed.
– Typical application are to store pictures and reproduce them in
publication.
24. Cont...
• Flat bed scanner
– It is consist of box with a glass plate on top and cover which covers the
glass plate.
– The document to be scanned is placed above the glass plate. The light
beam is situated below the glass plate and is moved from left to right
horizontally. After scanning one line the beam moves up a little and
scan the next line.
– It takes about 20 seconds to scan an entire page of size 21cm*28cm.
– The content of the page stored as a bitmap of 400 dots per inch. Each
dot may be encoded as a 1 bit.
– If 256 shades from black to gray to white are to be encoded, then 8
bits are used to represent each dot. It also scan and store colour
images so 24 bit representation for each dot is used to represent a
maximum of 2^24=4 million colours.
– If the scanner is connected to computer than image is stored in it.
– Compression and decompression
– Two popular format: gif, jpeg.
25. Output Unit
• Three principle devices are used to output data from a computer. They
are: printer, video monitor and computer output microfilm. Of this three,
printing is the most common method.
• This units are called hard copy device and another set of output device
called soft copy device like CDROM, pen drive.
• Printers
• There are two type of printers:
– Line Printers
– Serial Char
• Printers are available in almost all scripts like japanese, arabic, russian,
hindi, etc.
• Nowadays both printing method used, both are similar but their speed
and versatility differ.
• Line Printers
– Line printer prints complete line at a time.
– Printing speed is from 200 lines to 2000 lines per minute with 75 to
300 characters.
26. Cont...
– Early line printers were of two type called drum printers and chain
printers.
– Drum printer consist of cylindrical drum on which character to be
printed were typed.
– Chain printer had a steel band on which the character sets were typed.
– Due to inflexibility to change fonts and print graphics this printer have
been known as line matrix printer.
– Both types of printers use print head consisting of pins which are
moved electromechanically to strike a ribbon placed between the
print head and paper. So the black dot is printed when one pin strikes
the ribbon.
– Features of this printer:
• Any one of the several fonts can be selected.
• Any one of the several language besides English can be printed.
• Graphics can be printed.
• Bar code can be printed.
• By using carbon paper between sheets of paper, can make sets of
copies. 6 copies can be printed.
27. Cont...
• Ribbons can be easily changed and reused.
• Printer speed is from 200 to 2000 lines per minute depending on
type of font, language, etc.
– Papers used in line printer
• Papers used in line printer are fan-fold form rather than single
sheets. This paper are called continuous stationary and has holes
on both sides.
• Printer using sprockets which use the holes on the sides of paper.
• Paper with several widths are available depending upon the
application.
• Some of them are pre printed like cheques and examination result
sheets.
– Application of line printers
• This printers are used primarily when large volumes of data to be
printed.
• Example: electoral rolls, pay roll, mark sheets in examination of
thousands of students.
• In this example pre printed continuous stationery is used and
several copies are required.
28.
29. Cont...
• Serial Printer
– Serial printer print one character at a time. They are similar to
typewriters.
– Serial printers are normally slow(30 to 300 character per second).
– A popular serial printer called dot matrix printer. In printer print head
consist of an array of 24 pins arranged vertically. The head is moved
horizontally in small increments to print character.
– A dot density of 360*180 dots per inch is now standard.
– Rather than character these printers can also print graphics. Multi-
colour is feasible by using multi-colour ribbon but it is not popular
because colour quality is not good.
– Character to be printed are sent one character at a time from the
memory to the printer. The character is decoded by the printer
electronics and activates the appropriate pins in the print head.
– These pins are moved forward to form a character and they hit the
carbon ribbon in front of the paper so character is print on paper.
– Many dot matrix printers are bidirectional, that is they print form left
to right as well as right to left.
30. Cont...
– Advantage of dot matrix printer is that they can be converted to print
alphabet other than English. It is possible to adopt them to print
Devnagari script, tamil script, etc. They are also inexpensive because
their running cost is low. Multiple copies can be taken by placing
carbon paper between sheets of paper.
– Character printers are less expensive than line printers but they
cannot be used continuously for more than an hour so they are called
“light duty” printers.
– Line printer and dot matrix printers are called impact printer because
hammer strikes a carbon coated ribbon to print. In impact printers it is
easy to obtain multiple copies by placing carbon sheets between
paper sheets.
– As the cost is low and print and graphics quality are adequate for most
office like small business and government office.
– Most primary disadvantage is that they are very noisy .
– Another variety of printers called non-impact printer. They don't have
hammers but traces a characters to be printed using ink or graphite
particles.
31.
32. Cont...
• Inkjet Printers
– As a character produced by dot matrix printer is made up of a finite
number of dots, the appearance of the printed output is not very
good. For better appearance characters are represented by sharp
continuous lines, this type of printers are known as an inkjet printers.
– It consist of printing head which has number of small holes or nozzles.
Individual holes can be heated very rapidly by an IC resister. When the
resister heats up, the ink near it vaporizes and is ejected through a
nozzle and make a dot on paper near the head.
– High resolution inkjet printer has around 50 nozzles within a height of
0.276 inch and can print with a resolution of 300 dots per inch.
– Electronic system selects the holes to be heated based on the
character to be printed.
– The printer has enough memory to print an entire page with different
fonts.
– Latest inkjet printer has one more head that is colour head which
allows colour printing.
– The printing speed of inkjet printer is around 120 characters per
second.
33. Cont...
– Major disadvantage is that the cost of ink cartridge is high thus cost
per page of printing is quite high about 10 times than dot matrix
printing.
– Multiple copies cannot be taken unlike in dot matrix printer which
uses carbon printer.
34.
35. Cont...
• Laser Printer
– The basic limitation of serial dot matrix printer and inkjet printer is the
need of a head to print characters.
– This mechanical movement is relatively slow due to the high inertia of
mechanical elements.
– Computer manufacturer’s work is to research and development to
eliminate mechanical motion in printers. This lead to development of
laser printers.
– Electrically controlled laser beam traces out the desired character to
be printed on photoconductive drum. Drum attracts an ink toner on
exposed areas. This image is transferred to the paper which comes in
contact with the drum.
– Low speed laser printers which print 4 to 8 pages per minute are now
very popular and cost around Rs. 15,000.
– Very fast printers are also available which prints over 10,000 lines per
minute. At present thy are very expensive. These printer gives
excellent output and can print variety of fonts.
36. Cont...
• Colour laser printers are also available, but they are very expensive.
• Major disadvantage is the high cost of toners required for printing. The
cost is much higher for colour toners.
• The cost per page of printing is highest for inkjet, medium for laser and
lowest for dot matrix printers. As these printers do not have type head
striking on a ribbon, they are known as non-impact printers.
37. CRT
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).
• The technology is used in most televisions and computer display screens.
• Digital signal from the operating environment or application software go
to the Super Video Graphics Array(SVGA) adapter. The adapter runs signal
through a circuit called a Digital-to-Analog Converter(DAC). DAC circuit is
contained within one specialized chip that contain the DACs- one for each
primary colour used in a display: red, blue, green.
• DAC compares the digital values sent by the PC to a look-up table that
contains the machine voltage level for the three primary colours needed
to create the color of a single pixel. In normal VGA adapter, the table
contains values for 262. Super VGA adapter have enough memory to store
16bits of information for each pixel (65,536 colors called high color) 24 bits
a pixel (16,777,216 shades- true color).
• The adapter sends signals to three electron guns located at the back of the
monitor’s CRT. Through vacuum inside the CRT