Graphics and desktop publishing capabilities allow for more flexible and higher quality output design compared to traditional line printers. Modern printers have buffer memory to store carriage control data for formatting output. Effective screen design with consistent layouts and clear instructions can reduce errors and improve productivity when entering data. Input design involves specifying field formats and sequences to correctly capture data from various media sources into computer systems.

1. INPUT DESIGN

2. WHAT IS INPUT DESIGN?
Input Design is the process of converting a user oriented
description of the inputs to a computer-based business system
into a programmer-oriented specification.
• Input data were found to be available for establishing and
maintaining master and transaction files and for creating
output records
• The most suitable types of input media , for either off-line or
on-line devices, where selected after a study of alternative
data capture techniques.

3. INPUT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. The field length must be documented.
2. The sequence of fields should match the sequence of the
fields on the source document.
3. The data format must be identified to the data entry
operator.

4. VDT SCREEN DESIGN
• VDT- Visual Display Terminals
• Effective screen design can not only reduce errors but can
increase productivity and user satisfaction
• Data entered is displayed on the screen
• Before sending the data to the computer system
, modifications can be made
• Each display station has its own memory called buffer for
storing data
• Common size display screen is 24 rows of 80 characters
each.

5. SCREEN DESIGN RULES
1. Use the same formats with related screens. Users expect
to find the same data in the same place
2. Do not overcrowd the screen.
3. Provide instructions.
4. Use consistent terminology
5. Keep instructions brief and grammatically similar
6. Coordinate forms and screen design

6. OTHER INPUT MEDIA
OPTICAL READERS:
1. Optical Mark Readers:
Accepts data in the form of pencil marks on paper
2. Optical Bar-code Readers :
Combination of marks by which data is coded.
Universal Product Code(UPC) is widely used.
3. Optical Character Reader :
Can read only optically readable symbols.

7. OUTPUT DESIGN

8. WHAT IS OUTPUT DESIGN?
• Output Design reflect how the outputs are used and ways
to make it simpler for users to understand them.
• Most common output medium is the line printer.

9. COMPUTER PRINTER OUTPUT
1. COMPUTER PRINT CHARTS
Print chart is a form used to design computer printer
outputs. Each line on the form is divided into printer print
positions to allow for the detailed design of
titles, column, headings, detail lines and so forth
Computer printers typically have a maximum of either
120 or 132 print positions.
Older Computer printers had a physical device that could
read carriage control data from a closed loop , called a carriage
control tape.
Carriage control data was recorded by punching holes on
the left end of printing charts called as channels

10. Modern printers have a small memory buffer for carrying out
this operation
Carriage control data are most often used to identify the
first and last line of printing for a form on a computer
The process of moving the form one, two, or three lines
at a time is called Spacing
Skipping is the process of releasing the form , or moving
it rapidly through the printer carriage until a designated
channel punch is detected by the carriage control tape reader

11. 2. SPECIALITY FORMS:
Advantages :
• Column headings can be much more flexible with
different sizes and styles of type
• Numeric fields may be edited by the form itself
• Fewer lines to be printed by the computer, saving
computer time
Disadvantages :
• Higher cost
• Need to maintain a large forms inventory.
VDT SCREEN OUTPUT

12. GRAPHICS AND DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Graphics :
Dot matrix printers
NLQ Printers
Laser Printers
Desktop Publishing :
Combination of desktop or personal computers and laser
printers.
WYSIWYG ( what You See Is What You Get)