Dr Mazin Alhamrany has experience of more than 25 years in the field of Geotechnical and Tunneling Engineering. Dr Mazin is specialist in the field of applications of Finite Element Method for tackling complex soil-structure interaction problems.
Applications of FEM in Geotechnical Engineering / State-of-the-ArtDr Mazin Alhamrany
This presentation supposed to be given during the 1st Iraqi International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (ICGE) - Baghdad - 17-19 February 2020. I am uploading this document on LinkedIn as a contribution providing geotechnical engineers an insight for the earlier, recent and "potential" future applications of FEM in the field of Geotechnical Engineering. With my best wishes to the Iraqi Geotechnical Society.
Efficiency of vertical drains using finite element method may 2017Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Incorporating one-dimensional bar elements with two-dimensional quadrilateral axisymmetrical elements to tackle problems of consolidation of clay with vertical drains.
Innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunnelling projects, april ...Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Dr Mazin Alhamrany has experience of more than 25 years in the field of Geotechnical and Tunneling Engineering. Dr Mazin is specialist in the field of applications of Finite Element Method for tackling soil-structure interaction problems. He is a highly experienced in 2D and 3D Finite Element Modelling, using advanced soil models, to simulate construction staging and soil-structure interaction to produce buildable economic designs and to assess the impact of carrying out engineering activities such as deep excavations on existing adjacent structures. We have a solid reputation in finding innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunneling projects.
This document discusses tunnelling projects and experiences gained in Greece over the last 20 years. Significant projects include the Egnatia Motorway, Attiki Odos motorway, Athens and Thessaloniki metro systems, and various railway lines. These projects involved constructing over 347.5km of tunnels. Through these projects, Greece has gained experience with tunnel design and construction in varied geological conditions. Key experiences and methodologies developed include the Geological Strength Index (GSI) system for characterizing weak and heterogeneous rock masses, and the Tunnel Stability Factor (TSF) for assessing tunnel stability as a function of rock strength and stress conditions. Future tunnelling projects in Greece are also discussed.
We apply state-of-the-art technology to obtain the most efficient design for geotechnical and tunnelling projects. We are specialist in the field of applications of 2D and 3D Finite Element Method for tackling complex soil-structure interaction problems.
We have experience of more than 35 years in the field of geotechnical and tunnel engineering, leading design teams for major challenging projects in The UK, Europe and Middle East.
This document presents the results of a parametric study to optimize the design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 60 meters. An optimization algorithm called SAMO2 was used to minimize the cost by varying 33 design variables related to geometry, materials, and construction. The optimal solutions showed that depth and number of prestressing strands correlated with main span length, while slab thicknesses generally took minimum allowed values. Increasing the main span by 1 meter on average increased total cost by 6.38 euros per square meter. Concrete strength varied between 35 to 55 MPa but tended to increase with longer spans.
Changes in dam break hydrodynamic modelling practice - Suter et alStephen Flood
Abstract: Today, many organisations rely on hydrodynamic modelling to assess the consequences of dam break failure on downstream populations and infrastructure. The availability of finite volume shock-capturing schemes and flexible mesh schematisations in widely used software platforms imply that dam break modelling projects will be carried out differently in the future: Finite volume based platforms allow widespread application of shock-capturing methods and flexible mesh platforms can represent features in the study area more realistically and are more flexible thanks to varying mesh resolutions. Furthermore, the recent adoption of Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology in mainstream scientific and engineering computing will also significantly decrease computation times at relatively low cost.
This paper examines the application of finite volume, flexible mesh and GPU technologies to dam break modelling. One-dimensional (1D) modelling results are compared to those from two-dimensional (2D) finite difference and finite volume approaches. The results demonstrate that there are differences between modelling approaches and that the computational speeds of 2D simulations can be significantly reduced by the use of GPU processors.
Applications of FEM in Geotechnical Engineering / State-of-the-ArtDr Mazin Alhamrany
This presentation supposed to be given during the 1st Iraqi International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering (ICGE) - Baghdad - 17-19 February 2020. I am uploading this document on LinkedIn as a contribution providing geotechnical engineers an insight for the earlier, recent and "potential" future applications of FEM in the field of Geotechnical Engineering. With my best wishes to the Iraqi Geotechnical Society.
Efficiency of vertical drains using finite element method may 2017Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Incorporating one-dimensional bar elements with two-dimensional quadrilateral axisymmetrical elements to tackle problems of consolidation of clay with vertical drains.
Innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunnelling projects, april ...Dr Mazin Alhamrany
Dr Mazin Alhamrany has experience of more than 25 years in the field of Geotechnical and Tunneling Engineering. Dr Mazin is specialist in the field of applications of Finite Element Method for tackling soil-structure interaction problems. He is a highly experienced in 2D and 3D Finite Element Modelling, using advanced soil models, to simulate construction staging and soil-structure interaction to produce buildable economic designs and to assess the impact of carrying out engineering activities such as deep excavations on existing adjacent structures. We have a solid reputation in finding innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunneling projects.
This document discusses tunnelling projects and experiences gained in Greece over the last 20 years. Significant projects include the Egnatia Motorway, Attiki Odos motorway, Athens and Thessaloniki metro systems, and various railway lines. These projects involved constructing over 347.5km of tunnels. Through these projects, Greece has gained experience with tunnel design and construction in varied geological conditions. Key experiences and methodologies developed include the Geological Strength Index (GSI) system for characterizing weak and heterogeneous rock masses, and the Tunnel Stability Factor (TSF) for assessing tunnel stability as a function of rock strength and stress conditions. Future tunnelling projects in Greece are also discussed.
We apply state-of-the-art technology to obtain the most efficient design for geotechnical and tunnelling projects. We are specialist in the field of applications of 2D and 3D Finite Element Method for tackling complex soil-structure interaction problems.
We have experience of more than 35 years in the field of geotechnical and tunnel engineering, leading design teams for major challenging projects in The UK, Europe and Middle East.
This document presents the results of a parametric study to optimize the design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges with main spans ranging from 30 to 60 meters. An optimization algorithm called SAMO2 was used to minimize the cost by varying 33 design variables related to geometry, materials, and construction. The optimal solutions showed that depth and number of prestressing strands correlated with main span length, while slab thicknesses generally took minimum allowed values. Increasing the main span by 1 meter on average increased total cost by 6.38 euros per square meter. Concrete strength varied between 35 to 55 MPa but tended to increase with longer spans.
Changes in dam break hydrodynamic modelling practice - Suter et alStephen Flood
Abstract: Today, many organisations rely on hydrodynamic modelling to assess the consequences of dam break failure on downstream populations and infrastructure. The availability of finite volume shock-capturing schemes and flexible mesh schematisations in widely used software platforms imply that dam break modelling projects will be carried out differently in the future: Finite volume based platforms allow widespread application of shock-capturing methods and flexible mesh platforms can represent features in the study area more realistically and are more flexible thanks to varying mesh resolutions. Furthermore, the recent adoption of Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology in mainstream scientific and engineering computing will also significantly decrease computation times at relatively low cost.
This paper examines the application of finite volume, flexible mesh and GPU technologies to dam break modelling. One-dimensional (1D) modelling results are compared to those from two-dimensional (2D) finite difference and finite volume approaches. The results demonstrate that there are differences between modelling approaches and that the computational speeds of 2D simulations can be significantly reduced by the use of GPU processors.
Major issues to be considered for the successful application of unreinforced and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) tunnel final linings concepts include:
1) Application limits related to the geotechnical environment, seismic regime, and topography that must be determined based on safety and serviceability requirements.
2) Existing design codes and recommendations provide frameworks for evaluating the safety and serviceability of these lining concepts.
3) Case studies demonstrate that unreinforced and SFRC tunnel linings have been successfully used in tunnels up to 8km and 4.8km respectively, in various ground conditions.
Sustainable Solution for Shoring Method of Cross-Creek Bridge in Ankeng MRT S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the Ankeng Light Rail MRT system (ALRMS) project, the U7 box girder passes crossing the Erbads creek and needs a temporary supporting system for the construction work. In this study, three temporary shoring system options were proposed to be the construction method. The D-B Contractor, New Asia construction and Development Corporation, evaluated and selected the optimal choice, The Steel truss frame with supporting beams, to serve as the temporary supporting system. Compare the deflection of Δmax and Δactual, which are 1.609 cm and 1.59 cm, respectively. This result presented that the shoring system composed of the H912*302*18*37 supporting beams and steel truss frame had achieved outstanding performance and work to construct the U7 box girder. This paper presents how the three options are evaluated and the detailed construction processes along with the survey verification for the method.
A Study on Application of Passive Control Techniques to RC Bridges through No...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on applying passive control techniques like tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to reduce vibrations in reinforced concrete (RC) bridges through nonlinear dynamic analysis. 3D models of box girder bridges with different spans were analyzed with and without TMDs using SAP2000 software. TMDs with mass ratios of 2%, 3%, and 4% were considered. Dynamic responses like natural period, base shear, displacements, and forces were compared for bridges with and without TMDs when subjected to ground motion records. Results showed that addition of TMDs decreased the natural frequency of bridges the most for the highest mass ratio of 2%, with decreases of up to 41.23% observed for different bridge
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the performance of high-rise buildings with flat slab systems under lateral loads. It analyzes a 20-story building model with a flat slab structural system using computer modeling and analysis software. The study evaluates parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift, and base shear under different seismic zones and soil conditions. The results show increased storey displacement, storey drift, and base shear with increasing seismic zone. Therefore, flat slab structural systems require optimization based on building height, seismic zone, and soil type to safely resist lateral loads from seismic activity and wind.
Rock Mass Characteristics Modification Using Back Analysis Method for Isfahan...IJERA Editor
In the recent decades, the construction of tunnels has been increased vastly in all over the world. Despite all the
efforts have been put into the geotechnical investigation, determining the precise and reliable design parameters
is a difficult task to accomplish. Therefore, using back analysis techniques to modify geotechnical parameters
and optimize the design of initial and final supports is more effective and even less expensive nowadays. In this
paper, the results of monitoring and instrumentation of Isfahan subway have been investigated. Moreover, two
important parameters for stability analysis, the modulus of elasticity of rock mass and the coefficient of the
lateral earth pressure, are modified based on the measured convergence by using the direct method. Results show
the Young modulus of rock mass and the lateral earth coefficient are less than the initial values from
geotechnical investigation.
The document discusses different approaches to flexible pavement design, including empirical, mechanistic, and mechanistic-empirical approaches. It provides details on each approach, such as the empirical approach using the 1993 AASHTO Guide equation relating pavement characteristics to performance, and the mechanistic approach modeling the pavement as layers and calculating stress/strain. The mechanistic-empirical approach combines both, using mechanics to calculate stresses/strains and empirical data to define failure criteria. Road tests like the AASHO and Maryland tests helped develop the empirical relationships used in design methods.
1. The document examines the use of Tunnel Stability Factor (TSF) to estimate convergence and face stability in weak rock tunnels. TSF considers rock mass strength, overburden height, and tunnel size.
2. Parametric numerical analyses were conducted on 74 tunnels varying in size, depth, and rock mass quality. Dimensionless plots of plastic zone radius and convergence vs TSF showed good correlation despite varying conditions.
3. Guidelines for criticality of stability were developed based on convergence-to-radius ratio ranges associated with TSF levels, indicating severe squeezing for TSF < 0.2 and increased risk of collapse below 0.3 without support.
DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENT AND ITS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS BY USAGE OF VITRIFIED ...IAEME Publication
A country can achieve sustainable and rapid growth in all fields by improving its connectivity and transit systems. Connectivity of people to resources by improved transit mechanism results in improved living standards. Apart from other means, the major part of connectivity of any country is through road systems. Well designed and maintained pavements provide better and long lasting service. In India, all the major road systems are designed as flexible pavements only, because of their ease of construction and less time it takes to be opened to traffic operations. The major problem with flexible pavements is their design life and high maintenance costs. Also, globally reducing petrol reserves, which are used for bitumen and asphalt production are also increasing the need for alternatives. To tackle these problems, rigid pavements can be constructed. Although the cost of construction of rigid pavements is high, its long life, high load carrying capabilities and low maintenance cost will balance the initial cost aspect. Recently, many studies are being conducted on different pozzolanic admixtures which can be used as partial replacement of cement in rigid pavements, thereby reducing its cost and enhancing properties of the mix. Here, an attempt is made to reduce the construction cost of rigid pavements by incorporating Vitrified Polish Waste (VPW) as partial cement replacement in proportions of 5% for M40 grade concrete. Further, to enhance flexural properties of pavement, Recron fibre is added to optimum VPW in increments of 0.1%, then after C.C pavement is designed for two lane two way national highway and cost benefit analysis is performed.
The document discusses the design of a flexible pavement for a proposed 25 km expressway from Bandar A to Bandar B. It provides information on the differences between flexible and rigid pavements. It then outlines the traffic data and estimated traffic loads for the expressway of 3.9 million ESALs over 10 years. Resilient modulus values are provided for the pavement layers. Using the AASHTO design method and chart, structural numbers are calculated for three subgrade resilient modulus scenarios. The pavement thicknesses are then determined, with the asphalt layer being 5.5 inches, base layer 8 inches, and subgrade layer 10 inches.
Paper-11th ACUUS International ConferenceMeliti Pappa
This document compares two common methods for constructing underground car parks - the "cut-and-cover" method and the "room-and-pillar" method from mining. It analyzes the construction costs of three underground car parks built using the cut-and-cover method. Concrete works accounted for about 30% of costs, while electrical/mechanical works were 20% of costs. Location factors like proximity to buildings and geological conditions strongly influence costs. Excavating in hard rock or supporting surrounding structures increased expenses.
IRJET- A Review on Seismic Analysis and Sustainability of Multi Storey Struct...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of multi-storey structures with and without floating columns. Floating columns do not extend fully to the foundation and instead rest on beams, creating discontinuities in the load transfer path. Several studies are summarized that analyze structural response parameters like storey drift, displacement, and base shear for buildings with and without floating columns using software like SAP2000, STAAD, and ETABS. In general, buildings with floating columns experience greater displacements and are more susceptible to damage during earthquakes compared to comparable buildings without floating columns. Retrofitting techniques like adding shear walls can improve seismic performance by increasing stiffness, strength, and ductility.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Experimental behaviour and analysis of stress in rigid pavementVivek Loyola
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behaviour and analysis of stress in rigid pavements. It begins with an introduction on rigid pavements and their load carrying capacity. The methodology section outlines the concrete mix designs that will be tested, including conventional concrete and mixes replacing cement with silica fume and steel slag. The literature review summarizes previous studies on the effects of silica fume and pavement boundary depth. The objectives and scope are then provided. The document outlines the materials and experimental works conducted, including tests on flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, bond strength, split tensile strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, and model tests on rigid pavement slabs. The results of these tests are presented
IRJET- Optimization of Process Parameters of Submerged ARC WeldingIRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening and drainage of flexible pavements. It discusses how flexible pavements need to withstand wheel loads and stresses from traffic and weather. The study focuses on strengthening 16.7 km of road from Raipur rani to Naraingarh by analyzing existing conditions, collecting traffic and pavement data, and designing an overlay. It also looks at improving the road's drainage system to quickly discharge surface water and prevent issues like flooding or soft subgrades. Good drainage is important for road safety and maintenance. The document reviews literature on factors like load frequency and size that impact pavement stresses and deterioration. It also discusses frameworks for quantifying the effect of drainage quality on pavement performance.
Heavy duty pavements are pavements subjected to the extremely heavy wheel loads associated with freight handling vehicles in industrial facilities, such as container terminals and warehouses. Heavy duty pavement need to handle many types of freight handling vehicles, such as forklifts, straddle carriers, gantry cranes and side loaders. Heavy duty pavement often deals with slow moving or even static traffic load with ultra high load magnitude. Furthermore, the load wandering for heavy duty pavement such as contain port or warehouse is more significant than normal highway or urban road pavement. The goal of pavement design is to determine the number, material composition and thickness of the different layers within a pavement structure required to accommodate a given loading regime.
IRJET- Study on Causes of Cracks and its Remedial Measures in Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document discusses cracks in reinforced concrete bridge piers and abutments. It first provides background on the causes of cracking, including applied loads, restraint from volume changes, and drying shrinkage. It then presents a case study of a bridge exhibiting cracks in the abutments and approaches. The cracks are thought to be caused by movement of the abutments due to issues with surrounding soils. The document outlines various remedial measures that could address abutment movement and cracking, such as soil grouting, concrete jacketing, and epoxy injection. It concludes that abutment movement must be addressed to prevent further deterioration of the bridge structure.
This spreadsheet guides users through an 8-step rigid pavement design process according to FAA standards. It prompts users for input parameters at each step and calculates pavement thickness requirements. The final step provides a design summary, thickness charts, and print/export options. The spreadsheet automates a complex process to help aeronautical engineers accurately design rigid pavements.
Pavement materials and design in western australia by geoffrey cocksEngineers Australia
This document provides an overview of pavement design methods and considerations for different types of pavements including airports, container terminals, mines, public roads, and temporary haul roads. It discusses design approaches such as empirical and mechanistic methods. It also covers topics like vehicle loads, materials selection, and comparisons of different design standards. The key points are that pavement design must account for unique factors like wheel loads, tire pressures, and traffic patterns for different facility types, and that design methods have evolved over time but still have limitations.
The document provides details on the engineering challenges of constructing the North/South Metro Line in Amsterdam. Some key points:
- The 9km line connects northern and southern suburbs to the city center, with underground and above-ground sections using various construction methods.
- In the historic city center, a bored tunnel and deep stations are used to minimize disruption, employing diaphragm walls, jet grouting, and other specialized techniques.
- Stations required complex construction sequences to limit impacts on nearby historic buildings, using finite element modeling and monitoring programs.
- The Central Station station required innovative "sandwich wall" and microtunneling construction beneath the active rail station to immerse the tunnel section.
Patrick Asiedu has over 20 years of experience in structural engineering and project management. He holds an MSc in Structural Engineering and an MBA. His experience includes designing and assessing bridges, rail infrastructure, buildings, tunnels and other structures. Currently he is a Principal Engineer at Balfour Beatty Rail where he manages projects and teams of engineers. Some of his past projects include bridge assessments, station upgrades and infrastructure works for various rail clients.
Firas Abbawy is a lead civil engineer with over 25 years of experience in civil engineering projects including rail, roads, bridges and tunnels. He is currently responsible for designs on Crossrail/Network Rail projects. Previously, he managed the delivery of twin track works for the Wimbledon Line Capacity Improvements Project. He has extensive experience in design, project management, construction management, approvals and supervision.
Major issues to be considered for the successful application of unreinforced and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) tunnel final linings concepts include:
1) Application limits related to the geotechnical environment, seismic regime, and topography that must be determined based on safety and serviceability requirements.
2) Existing design codes and recommendations provide frameworks for evaluating the safety and serviceability of these lining concepts.
3) Case studies demonstrate that unreinforced and SFRC tunnel linings have been successfully used in tunnels up to 8km and 4.8km respectively, in various ground conditions.
Sustainable Solution for Shoring Method of Cross-Creek Bridge in Ankeng MRT S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the Ankeng Light Rail MRT system (ALRMS) project, the U7 box girder passes crossing the Erbads creek and needs a temporary supporting system for the construction work. In this study, three temporary shoring system options were proposed to be the construction method. The D-B Contractor, New Asia construction and Development Corporation, evaluated and selected the optimal choice, The Steel truss frame with supporting beams, to serve as the temporary supporting system. Compare the deflection of Δmax and Δactual, which are 1.609 cm and 1.59 cm, respectively. This result presented that the shoring system composed of the H912*302*18*37 supporting beams and steel truss frame had achieved outstanding performance and work to construct the U7 box girder. This paper presents how the three options are evaluated and the detailed construction processes along with the survey verification for the method.
A Study on Application of Passive Control Techniques to RC Bridges through No...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on applying passive control techniques like tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to reduce vibrations in reinforced concrete (RC) bridges through nonlinear dynamic analysis. 3D models of box girder bridges with different spans were analyzed with and without TMDs using SAP2000 software. TMDs with mass ratios of 2%, 3%, and 4% were considered. Dynamic responses like natural period, base shear, displacements, and forces were compared for bridges with and without TMDs when subjected to ground motion records. Results showed that addition of TMDs decreased the natural frequency of bridges the most for the highest mass ratio of 2%, with decreases of up to 41.23% observed for different bridge
IRJET- A Performance Study of High Raise Building with Flat Slab System u...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the performance of high-rise buildings with flat slab systems under lateral loads. It analyzes a 20-story building model with a flat slab structural system using computer modeling and analysis software. The study evaluates parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift, and base shear under different seismic zones and soil conditions. The results show increased storey displacement, storey drift, and base shear with increasing seismic zone. Therefore, flat slab structural systems require optimization based on building height, seismic zone, and soil type to safely resist lateral loads from seismic activity and wind.
Rock Mass Characteristics Modification Using Back Analysis Method for Isfahan...IJERA Editor
In the recent decades, the construction of tunnels has been increased vastly in all over the world. Despite all the
efforts have been put into the geotechnical investigation, determining the precise and reliable design parameters
is a difficult task to accomplish. Therefore, using back analysis techniques to modify geotechnical parameters
and optimize the design of initial and final supports is more effective and even less expensive nowadays. In this
paper, the results of monitoring and instrumentation of Isfahan subway have been investigated. Moreover, two
important parameters for stability analysis, the modulus of elasticity of rock mass and the coefficient of the
lateral earth pressure, are modified based on the measured convergence by using the direct method. Results show
the Young modulus of rock mass and the lateral earth coefficient are less than the initial values from
geotechnical investigation.
The document discusses different approaches to flexible pavement design, including empirical, mechanistic, and mechanistic-empirical approaches. It provides details on each approach, such as the empirical approach using the 1993 AASHTO Guide equation relating pavement characteristics to performance, and the mechanistic approach modeling the pavement as layers and calculating stress/strain. The mechanistic-empirical approach combines both, using mechanics to calculate stresses/strains and empirical data to define failure criteria. Road tests like the AASHO and Maryland tests helped develop the empirical relationships used in design methods.
1. The document examines the use of Tunnel Stability Factor (TSF) to estimate convergence and face stability in weak rock tunnels. TSF considers rock mass strength, overburden height, and tunnel size.
2. Parametric numerical analyses were conducted on 74 tunnels varying in size, depth, and rock mass quality. Dimensionless plots of plastic zone radius and convergence vs TSF showed good correlation despite varying conditions.
3. Guidelines for criticality of stability were developed based on convergence-to-radius ratio ranges associated with TSF levels, indicating severe squeezing for TSF < 0.2 and increased risk of collapse below 0.3 without support.
DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENT AND ITS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS BY USAGE OF VITRIFIED ...IAEME Publication
A country can achieve sustainable and rapid growth in all fields by improving its connectivity and transit systems. Connectivity of people to resources by improved transit mechanism results in improved living standards. Apart from other means, the major part of connectivity of any country is through road systems. Well designed and maintained pavements provide better and long lasting service. In India, all the major road systems are designed as flexible pavements only, because of their ease of construction and less time it takes to be opened to traffic operations. The major problem with flexible pavements is their design life and high maintenance costs. Also, globally reducing petrol reserves, which are used for bitumen and asphalt production are also increasing the need for alternatives. To tackle these problems, rigid pavements can be constructed. Although the cost of construction of rigid pavements is high, its long life, high load carrying capabilities and low maintenance cost will balance the initial cost aspect. Recently, many studies are being conducted on different pozzolanic admixtures which can be used as partial replacement of cement in rigid pavements, thereby reducing its cost and enhancing properties of the mix. Here, an attempt is made to reduce the construction cost of rigid pavements by incorporating Vitrified Polish Waste (VPW) as partial cement replacement in proportions of 5% for M40 grade concrete. Further, to enhance flexural properties of pavement, Recron fibre is added to optimum VPW in increments of 0.1%, then after C.C pavement is designed for two lane two way national highway and cost benefit analysis is performed.
The document discusses the design of a flexible pavement for a proposed 25 km expressway from Bandar A to Bandar B. It provides information on the differences between flexible and rigid pavements. It then outlines the traffic data and estimated traffic loads for the expressway of 3.9 million ESALs over 10 years. Resilient modulus values are provided for the pavement layers. Using the AASHTO design method and chart, structural numbers are calculated for three subgrade resilient modulus scenarios. The pavement thicknesses are then determined, with the asphalt layer being 5.5 inches, base layer 8 inches, and subgrade layer 10 inches.
Paper-11th ACUUS International ConferenceMeliti Pappa
This document compares two common methods for constructing underground car parks - the "cut-and-cover" method and the "room-and-pillar" method from mining. It analyzes the construction costs of three underground car parks built using the cut-and-cover method. Concrete works accounted for about 30% of costs, while electrical/mechanical works were 20% of costs. Location factors like proximity to buildings and geological conditions strongly influence costs. Excavating in hard rock or supporting surrounding structures increased expenses.
IRJET- A Review on Seismic Analysis and Sustainability of Multi Storey Struct...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of multi-storey structures with and without floating columns. Floating columns do not extend fully to the foundation and instead rest on beams, creating discontinuities in the load transfer path. Several studies are summarized that analyze structural response parameters like storey drift, displacement, and base shear for buildings with and without floating columns using software like SAP2000, STAAD, and ETABS. In general, buildings with floating columns experience greater displacements and are more susceptible to damage during earthquakes compared to comparable buildings without floating columns. Retrofitting techniques like adding shear walls can improve seismic performance by increasing stiffness, strength, and ductility.
This document provides a project report on the design of a flexible pavement for the SDITS campus. It was submitted by a team of 5 civil engineering students at Shri Dadaji Institute of Technology and Science in Khandwa, India, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report includes chapters on literature review, proposed methodology, surveying and leveling of the site, laboratory tests conducted, design and results, conclusions, and references. The team conducted a topographic survey of the existing road, took soil samples for testing, designed the pavement structure using the California Bearing Ratio method, and provided a cost estimate for constructing the flexible pavement on the SDITS campus.
Experimental behaviour and analysis of stress in rigid pavementVivek Loyola
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behaviour and analysis of stress in rigid pavements. It begins with an introduction on rigid pavements and their load carrying capacity. The methodology section outlines the concrete mix designs that will be tested, including conventional concrete and mixes replacing cement with silica fume and steel slag. The literature review summarizes previous studies on the effects of silica fume and pavement boundary depth. The objectives and scope are then provided. The document outlines the materials and experimental works conducted, including tests on flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, bond strength, split tensile strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, and model tests on rigid pavement slabs. The results of these tests are presented
IRJET- Optimization of Process Parameters of Submerged ARC WeldingIRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening and drainage of flexible pavements. It discusses how flexible pavements need to withstand wheel loads and stresses from traffic and weather. The study focuses on strengthening 16.7 km of road from Raipur rani to Naraingarh by analyzing existing conditions, collecting traffic and pavement data, and designing an overlay. It also looks at improving the road's drainage system to quickly discharge surface water and prevent issues like flooding or soft subgrades. Good drainage is important for road safety and maintenance. The document reviews literature on factors like load frequency and size that impact pavement stresses and deterioration. It also discusses frameworks for quantifying the effect of drainage quality on pavement performance.
Heavy duty pavements are pavements subjected to the extremely heavy wheel loads associated with freight handling vehicles in industrial facilities, such as container terminals and warehouses. Heavy duty pavement need to handle many types of freight handling vehicles, such as forklifts, straddle carriers, gantry cranes and side loaders. Heavy duty pavement often deals with slow moving or even static traffic load with ultra high load magnitude. Furthermore, the load wandering for heavy duty pavement such as contain port or warehouse is more significant than normal highway or urban road pavement. The goal of pavement design is to determine the number, material composition and thickness of the different layers within a pavement structure required to accommodate a given loading regime.
IRJET- Study on Causes of Cracks and its Remedial Measures in Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document discusses cracks in reinforced concrete bridge piers and abutments. It first provides background on the causes of cracking, including applied loads, restraint from volume changes, and drying shrinkage. It then presents a case study of a bridge exhibiting cracks in the abutments and approaches. The cracks are thought to be caused by movement of the abutments due to issues with surrounding soils. The document outlines various remedial measures that could address abutment movement and cracking, such as soil grouting, concrete jacketing, and epoxy injection. It concludes that abutment movement must be addressed to prevent further deterioration of the bridge structure.
This spreadsheet guides users through an 8-step rigid pavement design process according to FAA standards. It prompts users for input parameters at each step and calculates pavement thickness requirements. The final step provides a design summary, thickness charts, and print/export options. The spreadsheet automates a complex process to help aeronautical engineers accurately design rigid pavements.
Pavement materials and design in western australia by geoffrey cocksEngineers Australia
This document provides an overview of pavement design methods and considerations for different types of pavements including airports, container terminals, mines, public roads, and temporary haul roads. It discusses design approaches such as empirical and mechanistic methods. It also covers topics like vehicle loads, materials selection, and comparisons of different design standards. The key points are that pavement design must account for unique factors like wheel loads, tire pressures, and traffic patterns for different facility types, and that design methods have evolved over time but still have limitations.
The document provides details on the engineering challenges of constructing the North/South Metro Line in Amsterdam. Some key points:
- The 9km line connects northern and southern suburbs to the city center, with underground and above-ground sections using various construction methods.
- In the historic city center, a bored tunnel and deep stations are used to minimize disruption, employing diaphragm walls, jet grouting, and other specialized techniques.
- Stations required complex construction sequences to limit impacts on nearby historic buildings, using finite element modeling and monitoring programs.
- The Central Station station required innovative "sandwich wall" and microtunneling construction beneath the active rail station to immerse the tunnel section.
Patrick Asiedu has over 20 years of experience in structural engineering and project management. He holds an MSc in Structural Engineering and an MBA. His experience includes designing and assessing bridges, rail infrastructure, buildings, tunnels and other structures. Currently he is a Principal Engineer at Balfour Beatty Rail where he manages projects and teams of engineers. Some of his past projects include bridge assessments, station upgrades and infrastructure works for various rail clients.
Firas Abbawy is a lead civil engineer with over 25 years of experience in civil engineering projects including rail, roads, bridges and tunnels. He is currently responsible for designs on Crossrail/Network Rail projects. Previously, he managed the delivery of twin track works for the Wimbledon Line Capacity Improvements Project. He has extensive experience in design, project management, construction management, approvals and supervision.
Problem In Design Transfer Beam for high rise buildingSengthaiEn1
The document discusses some problems in designing transfer structures in high-rise buildings in Vietnam. Transfer structures are used to change the column grid between lower and upper floors for large spaces. There are issues selecting structural solutions, modeling for analysis, seismic resistance, and construction staging. For the Dolphin Plaza project, three solutions were considered: steel truss, layered steel truss, and pre-stressed concrete beams. Pre-stressed concrete beams were chosen for their lower cost and faster construction time despite the complexities of modeling and constructing large concrete structures. Proper structural modeling and analysis of load transfer is important for the safety and economy of transfer structure designs.
The document discusses the design and construction challenges of the Deh Cho Bridge in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Some key points:
- The bridge crosses the Mackenzie River and connects Yellowknife to Highway 1, replacing a ferry. Its remote northern location and extreme winter conditions of -40°C posed challenges.
- An innovative extradosed bridge design was used with a 1045m continuous superstructure and expansion joints only at the abutments.
- Construction methods like incremental launching and extensive prefabrication were employed to minimize field work during the short construction season.
- Rigorous shop trial assembly and quality control processes were required given the remote site and need to minimize repairs.
This document is a resume for Armen Miskarov, a structural engineer. It summarizes his education, licenses, experience, and projects. Miskarov has over 19 years of experience in structural engineering design for industrial, commercial, and transportation projects. He has worked on bridge, building, and specialized infrastructure designs. His experience includes working for private engineering firms, state and federal agencies, and international relief programs.
Evaluating the application limits of Unreinforced & Steel Fiber Reinforced Co...MECandPMV
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Recent tunnel cases with unreinforced and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete tunnel linings
2. Existing Design Codes and Design Recommendations framework
3. Numerical analyses of the unreinforced concrete tunnel linings under static and seismic loading conditions. T1 & T2 tunnels of Maliakos - Kleidi Motorway and T26 tunnel of Athens - Patras Motorway in Greece.
4. Numerical analyses of SFRC tunnel linings under static loading conditions.
5. Some critical thoughts about the geostatic loads on to the tunnel final linings.
6. Some critical thoughts about the ground elastic modulus for the design of tunnel linings
7. Conclusions
The Temple Mills Bridge in London was reconstructed from 2004-2006. The original 1963 bridge had deteriorated due to water ingress and reinforcement corrosion. The reconstruction involved demolishing the old bridge down to the existing foundations and riverbed, then constructing new piers, abutments, and a precast concrete deck. Environmental considerations like flood risk, habitat creation, and noise/pollution mitigation played a key role. Careful planning and risk management were needed due to the bridge's strategic location and need to maintain traffic flow during construction. The reconstruction secured this important transport link in advance of nearby Olympic development works.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
This document summarizes segmental bridge construction techniques. Segmental bridges are constructed using precast concrete segments rather than a single continuous pour. This allows construction over bodies of water without needing intermediate supports. Two common techniques are discussed - cantilever construction where segments are cast out from each pier, and incremental launching where precast segments are erected on a launching girder. A case study of the Ganga bridge in India is provided, which used both precast and cast-in-place segments to span over 1,000 meters. Segmental construction enables longer bridge spans while reducing impacts to river traffic during construction.
This document summarizes segmental bridge construction techniques. Segmental bridges are constructed using precast concrete segments rather than a single continuous pour. This allows construction over bodies of water without needing intermediate supports. Two common techniques are discussed - cantilever construction where segments are cast out from each pier, and incremental launching where precast segments are erected on a launching girder. A case study of the Ganga bridge in India is provided, which used both precast and cast-in-place segments to span over 1,000 meters. Segmental construction enables longer bridge spans while reducing impacts to river traffic during construction.
Konstantinos E. Seferoglou is a senior civil engineer and geotechnical expert with over 35 years of experience leading complex infrastructure projects including tunnels, bridges, and retaining structures. He has extensive experience in geotechnical consulting, design, and construction management for transportation and tunnel projects. Currently he works as a geotechnical expert for Qatar Rail on the Doha Metro project reviewing tunnel and excavation designs.
The document discusses the Marina Bay Sands project in Singapore. It was a complex integrated resort development completed in 2010 with over 2,500 hotel rooms, a large convention center, shopping mall, museum, theaters, and casino. Some of the major challenges included building on reclaimed land requiring deep foundations, constructing the inclined towers which involved complex temporary works, and building the cantilevered SkyPark that bridges the towers and had to accommodate tower movements. The project ultimately went 58% over its initial budget estimate due to rising construction costs and labor shortages.
The document provides information about Arcadis, a leading global design and consultancy firm for natural and built assets. It discusses Arcadis' services across key sectors such as tunnels, rail, bridges, highways, marine, and coastal engineering. Arcadis applies insights from different market sectors and provides design, consultancy, engineering, project management and other services to deliver sustainable outcomes for clients' natural and built assets throughout their lifecycle. It also highlights some of Arcadis' major infrastructure projects in Asia spanning over 140 years.
This document provides a summary of Ibrahim Hamdan's resume. It outlines his education, qualifications, experience, and skills. Some key details include:
- He has a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from Alexandria University in Egypt and is pursuing a Master's degree in Construction and Management.
- He has over 7 years of experience as a senior civil engineer working on large infrastructure projects in Egypt and Saudi Arabia such as underground metro stations, expansion works at the Grand Mosque in Mecca, and infrastructure works for a large commercial development in Cairo.
- His experience includes managing construction processes, supervising contractors, and ensuring compliance with schedules and quality standards on prestigious projects.
- He has strong technical
The document discusses the rehabilitation of aging bridges through innovative engineering techniques. It focuses on the rehabilitation of the Angus L. Macdonald Bridge in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The rehabilitation involved replacing the entire suspended structure of the bridge in segments over 10.5-hour nightly closures. This allowed for a brand new suspended structure with increased service life and reduced maintenance costs. The rehabilitation also improved traffic flow and increased shipping clearances under the bridge. Through continuous development of innovative rehabilitation techniques, owners can address aging infrastructure issues and provide long-term solutions.
Case study: Widening an existing bridge structure Challenges and solutionsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the process of widening an existing bridge in the UAE. It faced several challenges, including replacing deteriorated bearings, repairing cracks and defects found after removing pavement, constructing approach slabs where there were none previously, addressing differences in cross-slope between the existing and new structures, protecting the deck from chemicals, and strengthening an existing pier with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets. These challenges were addressed through methods like jacking the bridge to replace bearings, repairing cracks, constructing new approach slabs, using leveling concrete to create uniform cross-slope, applying waterproofing, and installing CFRP sheets to strengthen the pier according to product specifications. The widening resulted in two bridges with four
Advanced Tunnel Form Construction Technique, Case Study of Rohan-Abhilasha, ...Mary Montoya
1) Tunnel form construction is a fast and efficient method for mass housing projects in India where time and quality are constraints. It allows daily casting of walls and slabs using reusable formwork.
2) The case study describes a housing project in Pune, India called Rohan-Abhilasha that used tunnel form construction. This reduced construction time from 7 months using conventional formwork to 3 months.
3) Tunnel form construction provides smooth wall finishes requiring little plastering and allows monolithic pouring of walls and slabs. When properly planned, it can achieve a 1-day repeat cycle for floors.
The document provides a summary of Theodosios Skortsis's qualifications and experience as a Senior Civil Engineer. He has over 23 years of experience managing major infrastructure projects with budgets over $2.5 billion total. His experience includes design management, construction management, technical director roles, and currently serving as the lead engineer on an iconic project.
Similar to Innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunnelling projects, april 2017 (20)
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Innovative solutions for complex geotechnical and tunnelling projects, april 2017
1. Innovative solutions for complex
geotechnical and tunnelling
projects
Dr Mazin Alhamrany, BSc MSc PhD MISSMGE CEng MICE
April 2017
2. Summary
Dr Mazin Alhamrany has experience of more than 25 years in the field of
Geotechnical and Tunnelling Engineering. Dr Mazin is specialist in the
field of applications of Finite Element Method for tackling soil-structure
interaction problems. He is a highly experienced in 2D and 3D Finite
Element Modelling, using advanced soil models, to simulate construction
staging and soil-structure interaction to produce buildable economic
designs and to assess the impact of carrying out engineering activities
such as deep excavations on existing adjacent structures. We have a
solid reputation in finding innovative solutions for complex geotechnical
and tunnelling projects.
We are proud of leading design teams for major challenging projects in
The UK, Europe and Middle East. Dr Mazin Alhamrany was previously
working as a Technical Director at Hyder Consulting Middle East Ltd
(ARCADIS, 2012-2015), leading the Tunnels and Geotechnics Team of
Dubai Office. He led the Regional Teams for the design of challenging
projects such as Mega Reservoirs in Doha, Doha Metro, Doha
Expressway, The Inner Doha Re-sewerage Implementation Strategy
(IDRIS), Riyadh Metro, Strategic Tunnel Enhancement Programme
(STEP) in Abu Dhabi and Etihad Rail (UAE).
Prior to joining Hyder Consulting, He was working as Associate Technical
Director leading geotechnical team at Scott Wilson Ltd / URS (AECOM,
2005-2012) for the design of major projects in UK such as the Upgrading
of Tottenham Court Road Station, Gerrard’s Cross re-design, Thames Link
Borough Viaduct, Blackfriars Bridge, East London Line (Dalston station)
and the Crossrail Project (Farringdon Station and Pudding Mill Lane
Portal). In addition, he was responsible for developing the Numerical
Modelling Team for Scott Wilson.
Prior to that, Dr Alhamrany was a key member for the design of
challenging projects in Europe / Holland, such as the High Speed Line
Project between Amsterdam and Paris and the North-South Metro Line
underneath Amsterdam Central Station Building.
Dr Alhamrany has undertaken teaching, for both undergraduates and
postgraduates, in the field of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Design as
well as researches adopting advanced numerical methods for solving
geotechnical problems and has published several papers on these topics.
For more details see our website: www.ur-geotech.com
https://nl.linkedin.com/in/mazinalhamrany
3. Qualifications
Dr Mazin Alhamrany, BSc MSc PhD MISSMGE CEng MICE
1983 – 1986
•Ph.D. Civil Engineering; Soil Mechanics
•Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering
•University of Sheffield, England
1979 – 1980
•M.Sc. Civil Engineering; Soil Mechanics
•Dept. of Civil Engineering
•University of Baghdad, Iraq
1968 – 1972
•B.Sc. Civil Engineering
•College of Engineering
•University of Basra, Iraq
4. Experience
A) United Kingdom
Crossrail Project (Farringdon Station)
Farringdon Station is one of the major central stations to be built and
involves the construction of two 400m long platform tunnels and
associated cross passages with a ticket hall at either end. The West
Ticket Hall (WTH), which will house both Thameslink and Crossrail
Services, includes a Circular Shaft of 15m diameter, a Rectangular Shaft
of 24m by 28m, an Escalator Shaft 9m x 25m and individual 1.2m and
2.1m diameter piles to support the ticket hall and over-site development.
The East Ticket Hall (ETH) includes a Trapezoidal Shaft of approximately
32m by 28m and a further Double Basement with individual 1.2m
diameter piles supporting the ticket hall and another over-site
development as well as works that link with London Underground
Barbican Station. The excavation depth of these shafts is 25 to 30m.
The works include the challenge of installing the 2.1m diameter piles of
the oversite development at the WTH among the tight constraints set by
the new tunnels. The piles have also been designed to carry the negative
skin friction and the bending moments induced from the construction of
the future Crossrail tunnels and the adjacent Shafts.
The impact of constructing deep shafts on existing buildings in the
surrounding area, using 2D and 3D finite element models, has been
thoroughly investigated. Design of Diaphragm walls, secant pile walls
and deep excavations is part of the works.
Our experience can be summarised in leading geotechnical design teams
defining the most appropriate approach of analyses, liaise with wider
project team, define the technical aspects that need to be checked,
ensure delivering optimum design in terms of quality, costs and
constructability, assessing impact of construction on adjacent structures
and services, ensure having the required resources to get job done on
time within the budget.
5. Tottenham Court Road Station Upgrade / Category 3 Check
Leading geotechnical team for carrying out Independent Design Check
involved carrying out 2D and 3D finite element analyses for the design of
the Double Basement, Escalator shaft and Falconberg Shaft as well as
assessing impact of the construction on the existing tunnels and London
Underground assets. A key challenge of this project was the need to limit
deflections in the secant pile walls in order to avoid damage on the
adjacent buildings and roads.
6. East London Line (Dalston Junction)
Leading geotechnical team carrying out foundation design for Dalston,
Hoxton and Shoreditch Stations of the East London Line. The work
included, in addition to the pile foundation of Dalston Station, assessing
impact of constructing Dalston foundation on existing listed buildings as
well as impact of Dalston station as a whole on the proposed future
Crossrail tunnel. Piled-raft foundation has been designed so that
differential settlement between this part and the rest parts of the station
maintained with the tolerable limit. The design involved two rows of
bored piles on each side of the tunnel, topped with pile caps that support
walls carrying the podium slab, the station concourse and the multi-
storey development above. This solution was adopted by the client after
being reviewed and supported by an independent well-established
geotechnical consultancy firm.
7. Blackfriars Bridge 407
Leading geotechnical team for carrying out Independent Design Check
for assessing impact of the construction of a new concrete box structure
on the existing South Abutment of Blackfriars Bridge using 3D Finite
Element Model. The problem under consideration is quite complex
involving a piled raft foundation for the proposed structure as part of the
structure will be founded on the existing abutment of the bridge.
Gerrard’s Cross
Geotechnical Team leader for the independent checking for the design of
the anchored contiguous piles walls to be installed on both sides of the
existing tunnel. Advanced modelling was required to assess the stability
of the anchored contiguous piles, their deflections as well as the bending
moments and the shear forces.
Thames Link Borough Viaduct
Responsible for assessing impact of the construction of the Borough
Viaduct on the existing Northern and Jubilee lines tunnels. The work
included also impact moving loads on existing buried services and LUL
assets.
8. B) Holland
High Speed Line between Amsterdam-Paris, Holland
This was one of the largest European rail projects of recent times. This
project provided the Dutch with a 300-kph railway from Amsterdam
southward to the Belgian border, a distance of 125km at total cost of
around 6.7billion Euros. The strict requirements for this project
regarding the maximum allowable long term settlement including
secondary compression, considering the highly compressible organic soil
of the Netherlands, made the design process of this project a real
challenge.
Key member of the engineering design team for this large European rail
projects of recent times. Assigned to lead the geotechnical design team
for all aspects of project, including tunnelling (Rotterdam Tunnel), deep
excavations and retaining structures using 2D and 3D Finite Element
Modelling.
9. Metro Line Amsterdam, Holland
Responsible for the design work including the metro line underneath
Amsterdam Central Station Building. Beneath the Amsterdam Central
Station an excavation was created for the proposed tunnel. The
excavation width is 18m to a depth of 23m along the whole longitudinal
section of the Station. The design concept was characterised by the need
to apply an innovative technology in the form of the so-called ‘sandwich
wall’. This is a composite wall consisting of two rows of steel piles with a
body of jet grout columns in between. This wall needed to act both as an
excavation retaining wall and also as a vertical bearing wall. The
installation of the wall, within certain specific conditions (limited height,
sensitive historical building, and train station in service), within the
design requirements set in terms of construction tolerance and water
and soil retention, may be regarded as being a pioneering achievement.
Responsible for leading the design team for this challenging project. This
included Finite Element Analysis to predict settlements, deformations
and stresses in the sandwich walls in order to demonstrate that the
proposed works would not damage the historic Amsterdam Central
Station Building.
11. Dikes improvement
This project involves taking every necessary measures to improve and
reinforce the existing embankments as well to design new dikes along
Waal and Maas rivers. The rate of construction is specified so that
reasonable safety factors for stability are ensured. The build-up pore
water pressures during construction and also the time required for the
dissipation of the excess pore water pressures are calculated. In many
sites and due to the limited time available for construction, geotextiles
and/or soil improvements are applied in order to improve the shear
strength against sliding.
12. C) Middle East
Bahrain
Muharraq
Geotechnical Technical Manager responsible for the design and build
project for Muharraq STP and Flow Conveyance project which comprises
construction of a new Deep Gravity Sewer (DGS), 97 shafts and Waste
Water Connection Network (WWCN) extending approximately 16km in
length and will collect flows from the island of Muharraq and future
developments on new land reclamation projects off the East Coast of the
Kingdom of Bahrain.
Iraq
A project of 13 berths in Umm Qasr, South of Iraq
The study was focused on, (i) if there is a need to use sand-drains in
order to accelerate the rate of consolidation and so to reduce the time
required for consolidation settlement, (ii) if there is a need for soil
improvement in order to improve the allowable bearing capacity and (iii)
How long should the preloading be applied in order to eliminate all the
primary consolidation settlement, expected under the proposed
permanent loading, plus such amount of secondary compression in order
to reduce a post-construction settlement to tolerable values.
Babylon project, Iraq
The study involved predicting the behaviour of three (30 meter high
earth fill) “mountains” in Babylon ancient city. Two main aspects were
thoroughly investigated; the stability and the settlement. In addition to
these two aspects, the influence of such constructions on the adjacent
ruins was also assessed. Due to the importance of the ruins, suggestions
were given to install inclinometers to monitor the lateral displacements
during construction. It is worth mentioning that the reading-records
were very close to the predicted values which have been calculated by
using a computer program based on finite element method.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Metro
Riyadh Metro project, a six-line driverless network which will eventually
encompass 177km and 96 stations in the Saudi capital.
13. Responsible for leading design team for the geotechnical and tunnel
design of the tunnel and the stations, which have been subdivided into
Shallow, Deep and Transfer Stations.
Qatar
Doha Metro
Geotechnical design team leader responsible for carrying out
geotechnical services for the two packages form the core of the Doha
Metro in the old part of the city. The Red Line South runs from the
Musheireb development south along Al Matar Road to E-Ring Road and
the golden line starts at Airport City North Station, a double width station
runs west to the Musheireb development; on the other side of Musheireb
Station
Abu Hamour
Abu Hamour Surface and Ground Water Drainage Tunnel, Doha –
Geotechnical Director for tender design of a stormed water tunnel and
associated access shafts. TBM segmental lining (main tunnel) and pipe
jacking with micro-tunnelling (connection tunnels) comprise the tunnel
works along the route of the drainage system. Work included feasibility
studies and advance numerical analysis (Strand7) of main tunnel – shaft
junctions. Also responsible for the technical design reports and tender
drawings.
14. United Arab Emirates
Etihad Railway
Etihad Rail’s 1,200 km network will extend across the United Arab
Emirates, from the border of Saudi Arabia to the border of Oman. The
network will run from Ghweifat to Abu Dhabi, Dubai and the Northern
Emirates with major connecting points in between, including Al Ain and
Madinat Zayed. Etihad Rail will have an extensive national network with
freight terminals, distribution centres and depots located close to major
transport hubs, warehouses, and storage facilities across the UAE,
including Mussafah, Khalifa Port, Jebel Ali Free Zone, Port of Fujairah and
Saqr Port.
The Etihad Rail network will also connect with the GCC network and this
– once fully established – will cover the five GCC countries of The
Kingdom of Bahrain, The State of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia and UAE.
Responsible for leading design team for the geotechnical works
associated with this project.