A lecture delivered by our group project on Injection Moulding.
If there are any contents that has violated any intellectual rights, please let me know and I will try my best to correct it wherever I can.
it is PDF are typed of myself. study triks & short & sweet (Technical manual) Of Diploma in Plastics technology(DPT-DPMT). All machine knowlage in plastics processing.
Er. Naresh Dhaker
(8890881858)
(CIPET JAIPUR)
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
WHAT IS PLASTIC?
A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.
it is PDF are typed of myself. study triks & short & sweet (Technical manual) Of Diploma in Plastics technology(DPT-DPMT). All machine knowlage in plastics processing.
Er. Naresh Dhaker
(8890881858)
(CIPET JAIPUR)
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
WHAT IS PLASTIC?
A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC, nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form.
Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
http://www.spiratex.com/ : Understand the complete process of custom plastic extrusion with step by step details of the process through this presentation. It also explains the various specialized forms of plastic extrusions.
Engineering Guidelines to Designing Plastic Parts for Injection MoldingJaycon Systems
At Jaycon Systems, we have chosen to use injection molding as the main manufacturing process to bring plastic products to life.
However, injection molding is not simple. Engaging in such process requires an extensive knowledge about its machinery and process.
In this presentation, we will show you some of the aspects we take into consideration when designing plastic parts for injection molding so we can save our customers time and money in the long run.
If you use hollow plastic parts (aka water bottles or any other type of bottles), then you're using products made from blow molding. Read this slideshare to learn more about blow molding!
Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
http://www.spiratex.com/ : Understand the complete process of custom plastic extrusion with step by step details of the process through this presentation. It also explains the various specialized forms of plastic extrusions.
Engineering Guidelines to Designing Plastic Parts for Injection MoldingJaycon Systems
At Jaycon Systems, we have chosen to use injection molding as the main manufacturing process to bring plastic products to life.
However, injection molding is not simple. Engaging in such process requires an extensive knowledge about its machinery and process.
In this presentation, we will show you some of the aspects we take into consideration when designing plastic parts for injection molding so we can save our customers time and money in the long run.
If you use hollow plastic parts (aka water bottles or any other type of bottles), then you're using products made from blow molding. Read this slideshare to learn more about blow molding!
How to select a plastic injection molding machine.Naik Devang
Buying a PIMM is not a small investment. Too much machine for the job at hand is wasteful. Too little machine does not get job done. Careful matching of the jobs needs and the attributes of a PIMM is well worth the effort.
Forwa Mould Specialzing in:
Super high precision moulds and special moulds like insert mould,double injection moulds(2K injection mould), overmould, Unscrew injection mould for OA, House electronic application, Automobile and Communication etc industry.
Main market:
Automotive accessories
Electronic and medical
Office automation
Gear and clock movement
Connector
Precise parts
Injection molding process & machine selectionsometech
Injection molding machines can fasten the molds in either a horizontal or vertical position. The majority of machines are horizontally oriented, but vertical machines are used in some niche applications such as insert molding, allowing the machine to take advantage of gravity. Some vertical machines also don't require the mold to be fastened. There are many ways to fasten the tools to the platens, the most common being manual clamps (both halves are bolted to the platens); however hydraulic clamps (chocks are used to hold the tool in place) and magnetic clamps are also used. The magnetic and hydraulic clamps are used where fast tool changes are required.
This slideshow explains the history of one of the most important polymer processing methods - injection molding.
Created by:
Lih-Sheng (Tom) Turng (University of Wisconsin - Madison
Suresh Shah (Delphi Thermal System)
Hanxiong Huang (South China University of Technology)
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
The Experimental Approach of Manufacturing Hardened Barrel Screw on Tradition...IJSRD
Now a day manufacture has to think for most economical, less time consuming, accurate and perfect sequence of production process for manufacturing the product. He has to adopt the various parameters focusing on the above stated facts. The researcher has find out to control the different parameters for optimum process based on economical point of view by which the manufacturer can save round above 30 % cost of product. The Traditional lathe machine is used as machine tool instead of (SPM) special purpose milling machine. He has made three alterations. 1) Parameter – using milling attachment. 2) Parameter – using special profiled milling cutter. 3) Parameter – using indexing attachment with main spindle. For the above aspect the researcher has done number of experiments to decide the optimal process and then by doing the same process on SPM & lathe. He has concluded the level of efficiency, economical & optimal process control.
This presentation includes basics of mold design, important aspects of molds and mold design that will be useful for understanding design, material aspects, and theoretical aspects of mold making and mold engineering. ProE mold design module known as Pro/MOLDESIGN is also briefly explained in the slide.
MULTI PURPOSE HYDRAULIC MACHINE PROJECT Chirag Patel
this is PPT of B.Tech project of
MULTI PURPOSE HYDRAULIC MACHINE
see the video on this link => https://youtu.be/JsXd869-aaY
for more contact 9898398625
My guest lecture for Robogals SINE 2017 at the Imperial College London. The remit of the talk is to inform STEM volunteers on how to engage STEM businesses into their initiative and create win-win solution.
Robogals SINE 2017 - STEM Workshop Communication EssentialsKelvin Lam
A short talk by myself on communications skills used in STEM workshops. Prepared for Robogals EMEA, an European arm of the international student-ran Female in STEM organisation, Robogals.
I removed this set of notes previously and I have decided to re-upload it again for benefit of all.
I have typed this few years ago and I hope it will be useful for anyone.
Pantograph II - Failure Analysis, Monitor & Testing RegimeKelvin Lam
My 'info'-presentation on my research on pantograph failures. This part of the presentation should cover more advanced concepts of pantographs, its precautions in use and regime of failures.
Understanding fundamental concepts on its failure causes & mechanisms, the presentation explores the ways that pantographs can be monitored against, to deter preventable defects from propagating.
Pantograph I - Analysis on Pantographs & Traction ControlKelvin Lam
My 'info'-presentation on basics on electric traction systems for railways and electrical trains (rolling stock).
The presentation cover the following basic concepts:
- types of electrification systems.
- types of collection method
- traction control
My notes for A2 Chemistry Unit 5, typed by me and compiled from various sources.
I cannot trace back where everything came from but again shall any intellectual property rights be violated, please comment /contact me and I will try my best to rectify them as soon as possible.
My notes for A2 Chemistry Unit 4, typed by me and compiled from various sources. I cannot trace back where everything came from but again shall any intellectual property rights be violated, please comment /contact me and I will try my best to rectify them as soon as possible.
A short talk (quasi-lecture, it went overtime...) done by me for my Uni society, introducing what amateur radio is about, with some fun and interesting figures in order to help audience to gain slight insight into the wonderful hobby.
It also shows some other types of radio in order to let people know what exactly radio transmissions are for. Some information are simplified in order to cater normal, general audience.
Some pictures are collected from the Internet, please message me if you think your intellectual property is unrightfully used and is causing you trouble. I will try my best to remove it in the best ability as I could.
A presentation done for part of my A-level studies, and also for my personal interest too.
Some materials are 'shamefully' from the Internet, so please message me if you find that your copyright is seriously infringed.
This slideshow was made for an invited talk at a local radio club that took place in early 2013. It introduces the methods of navigation and gives overview on the role of aerodrome and airspace traffic control.
This powerpoint has some copyrighted materials which I don't have copyright for. Please msg/comment to let me know so I can amend/delete it.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
10. • 1979 - Plastic production overtakes steel
production by value
• 1985 - First all electric injection moulding
machine developed in Japan
• 1990 - Aluminium moulds widely used for
the first time
• 2000 - 2 stage IMMs have surpassed
reciprocating screw machines in popularity
12. Business context
• Mould tool: 5-12 weeks, £3000 - £20000
• Production costs – low
• Cost of plant – quite low – machines for under $50,000
• Last decade – huge move to China
• UK plastics sector 2002 - £18 billion, 2014 £3.5 billion
• China plastics sector 2015 - £194 billion (9.6% annual
growth in revenue)
13. Injection Process –
Reciprocating screw
• Solid granules are fed through the
hopper into the barrel
• Rotation of the screw, powered by
an electric or hydraulic motor,
drives the granules forward.
• 3 stage screw:
Feed zone 50%
Melt zone 25% (decreasing flight
depth)
Metering zone 25%
• Plastic heated. Pressure increase
and volume decrease hence
friction. ‘Drag flow’.
14. • Plastic melts and is forced through
a one way valve
• Resulting pressure forces valve and
screw backwards forming a
chamber of plastic
• When enough plastic builds up,
screw is pulled back to decompress
• Screw pushed forward by hydraulic
press and one way valve closed
• Molten plastic pushed through the
nozzle and into the mould
Injection Process –
Reciprocating screw (cont.)
16. Injection Process – Two Stage
• Two separate barrels, screw and plunger.
• Solid granules initially go through the
same process as in the single stage
machine.
• Once melted it is fed to a chamber or
‘accumulator’.
• Screw then shut off (as shown) and
plastic forced through the nozzle by the
plunger.
18. • Two stage can provide comparable size shot from a
smaller machine
• Reciprocating screw machine normally bigger so greater
production costs
• Two stage system provides 100% of the shot volume
unlike the reciprocating IMM
• Reciprocating IMM more suited to larger shots,
hydraulic power advantage
Injection Process – Comparisons
19. Design of mould
• Design is crucial.
• Able to produce in some cases
over a million products,
• Made of two halves, Injector and
Ejector mould.
• Vents, guide pins and ejector
pins, coolant holes.
20. Design of mould (cont.)
• Typical moulds are made out of hardened steel,
Aluminium or beryllium-copper alloy
• Modern Aluminium alloys can produce hundreds of
thousands of products.
• 3D printing photopolymers
• Only when the melting point of the material being
injected is lower than that of the photo polymer.
• As a general rule the higher the upfront cost the longer
the lifespan of the mould.
21. Design of mould (cont.)
• If not cooled properly, distortion and stress occur in product.
22. Clamping
• The two halves of the mould are clamped
together by hydraulic presses.
• Forces exerted are between 4 and 9000
tonnes.
• The ejector mould is forced against the
injector mould by a hydraulic press.
25. Machining of mould
• High speed milling
• Controlled by CNCs.
• Materials softened by
annealing.
• High quality surface finish
• Followed by heat treatment to
harden the mould.
27. Comparisons with other
processes
• Injection moulding has wide range
of properties making it suitable for
wide-scale applications in the
industry.
• Factors including…
Flexible dimensions
Good Finishing
Cost requirements
• …influence vastly on decisions to
whether adapt injection moulding,
as the desired process.
28. Comparisons with other
processes (cont.)
oLow initial cost due to
simpler mould design.
oBig dimensions possible.
oSingle-sided mould restricts
complexity of the product,
as opposed to a full mould
in IM.
oIn longer run and increased
quantities, thermoforming
has poorer advantage in
economies of scale.
oPoor surface finish and
require further trimming.
Thermoforming compared to injection moulding
29. Comparisons with other
processes (cont.)
oLow initial cost.
oHigh product rate similar
to injection moulding.
oDifficult to control
thickness and finishing.
oHigh defect rate.
oPoorer dimensional
accuracy.
Blow moulding compared to injection moulding
30. Comparisons with other
processes (cont.)
oPrecise control prevent
excess use of expensive
materials.
oPermits the product of
intricate and good surface
finish parts.
oFewer knit lines in the
product.
oHeat and pressure is
consistent.
oMedium production rate.
oCycle time of 2 minutes, as
opposed to injection
moulding can be counted in
seconds.
Compression moulding compared to injection moulding
31. Comparisons with other
processes (cont.)
oPre-heated materials
smoothens production
cycle, hence it has high
product rate (= injection
moulding)
oFaster and cheaper set
up.
oWaste cannot be reused,
due to its thermosetting
nature.
Transfer moulding compared to injection moulding
32. Comparisons with other
processes (cont.)
oRapid and cheap for initial
set ups.
oLow product cost.
oSimilar production
duration (per unit).
oLimited to only rod- or
tube-like products.
oProducts has to be cooled
evenly or mechanical
properties jeopardised.
Injection moulding is
‘batched’ so it can be
cooled evenly.
Extrusion moulding compared to injection moulding
33. Any questions?
I want my lunch, now! Hell no!
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Editor's Notes
In transfer moulding, it has a similarly low set up cost as it is rather simple, but still give rise to a similar production rate as injection moulding.
However, due to the use of thermosetting materials, waste and scrap from the sprues and grooves from mould parting line has to be disposed of, as they cannot be reused. So injection moulding offer a better advantage in this regard.
Extrusion moulding is quite a simple process that can offer cheap and extremely rapid set up cost, and also the production cycle has an average of 12 seconds, which is significantly lower than that of IM.
However, products are only limited to rod- or tube-like products (IM can do anything), and as it is a continuous process, we need to take extra care to cool the materials evenly hence it does not cross-knit differently, changing the materials property.