Information Technology & Its Applications - 2

Information Technology
And Its Applications

www.sayfun.me | AJ Sascha Funk | Information Technology & Its Applications | Rangsit University - International College

NO BODY I S
PERFECT
NOPROBLE M


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Input


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Input

Data


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Input

Data
Memory


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Input CPU
Data
Memory


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Input CPU
Data Information
Memory


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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory


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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory

Data

raw


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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory

Data Information

ssed
raw ce
pro


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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory

Data Information

ssed
raw ce
pro

Computer

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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory

Data Information Input

ssed
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pro

Computer

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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory
CPU
Memory

ssed
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pro

Computer

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Input CPU Output

Data Information
Memory
Output
CPU
Memory

ssed
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pro

Computer

Data & Information
Let’s present!


Data & Information
Let’s present!

Data


Data & Information
Let’s present!

Information

Data


Data & Information
Let’s present!

knowledge

Information

Data


Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom

knowledge

Information

Data


Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom

knowledge

Information

Data
facts, statistics, symbols....

Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom

knowledge

Information
Interpreted data, data with meaning

Data

Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom

knowledge

Organized Information

Information

Data

Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom
Applied Knowledge

knowledge


Information

Data

Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom
Applied Knowledge
to

knowledge
ds
lea


Information

Data

Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom
Applied Knowledge
to

knowledge
ds
lea


Information

Data Example: It is
facts, statistics, symbols.... raining


Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom
Applied Knowledge
to

knowledge
ds
lea


Information Example: It
became colder so
Interpreted data, data with meaning it started to rain.

Data Example: It is


Data & Information
Let’s present!

wisdom
Applied Knowledge
to

Ex: If the humidity is very high and
knowledge the temperature drops the
ds

atmosphere might not be able to
lea

Organized Information hold the moisture any longer and it
rains.

became colder so

Data Example: It is


Data & Information
Let’s present!
Example: The temperature drops
every year between May and
September. Hence the chance for
wisdom rain increases. That’s why this period
of time is called rainy season.
Applied Knowledge
to

Ex: If the humidity is very high and
knowledge the temperature drops the
ds

atmosphere might not be able to
lea

Organized Information hold the moisture any longer and it
rains.

became colder so

Data Example: It is


Storage


Storage
Storage is the place where data is held in an electromagnetic
or optical form for access by a computer processor.


Storage

Storage is frequently used to mean the devices and data
connected to the computer through input/output operations -
that is, hard disk and tape systems and other forms of storage
that don't include computer memory and other in-computer
storage. For the enterprise, the options for this kind of storage
are of much greater variety and expense than that related to
memory.


Storage

memory.

Furthermore storage has been divided into:


Storage

memory.


1. primary storage, which holds data in memory
(sometimes called random access memory or RAM) and
other "built-in" devices such as the processor's L1 cache,
and


Storage

memory.


1. primary storage, which holds data in memory
(sometimes called random access memory or RAM) and
other "built-in" devices such as the processor's L1 cache,
and

2. secondary storage, which holds data on hard disks,
tapes, and other devices requiring input/output operations.

More Storage Devices


Storage Differences
Primary Secondary

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•directly
connected to CPU

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•directly
connected to CPU
•stores data
temporarily

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•directly
connected to CPU
•stores data
temporarily
•relatively small /
fast

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•directly
connected to CPU
•stores data
temporarily
fast
•Ex: RAM, CPU

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•directly •Used for more
connected to CPU permanent storage
•stores data
temporarily
fast
•Ex: RAM, CPU

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
•stores data •non-volatile
temporarily
fast
•Ex: RAM, CPU

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
temporarily •connected via
•relatively small / storage controllers
fast
•Ex: RAM, CPU

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary
fast •Ex: Hard disk,
•Ex: RAM, CPU DVD

Storage Differences
Primary Secondary Volatile Non Volatile
•Ex: RAM, CPU DVD

Storage Differences
•loses data when
power is turned off
•used for
temporarily •connected via temporary storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM
•Ex: RAM, CPU DVD

Storage Differences
•directly •Used for more •retain contents
•loses data when when power is absent
power is turned off
•stores data •non-volatile •used for permanent
•used for
storage
•relatively small / storage controllers •usually slower
•faster
fast •Ex: Hard disk, •Ex: Hard disk, Flash
•Ex: RAM
•Ex: RAM, CPU DVD drive

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

Read Only Writeable

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

Read Only Writeable
•content can not
be modiﬁed
•used for long
term storage
•Ex: CD ROM,
DVD

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

Read Only Writeable
•content can not •content can be
be modiﬁed modiﬁed
•used for long •slower due to
term storage write operations
•Ex: CD ROM, •Ex: Hard drive,
DVD Flash drive

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

Read Only Writeable Optical Magnetic
•content can not •content can be
be modiﬁed modiﬁed
•used for long •slower due to
term storage write operations
•Ex: CD ROM, •Ex: Hard drive,
DVD Flash drive

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

•content can not •content can be •data stored on
be modified modified reflective
•used for long •slower due to polycarbonite discs
term storage write operations in form of pits and
•Ex: CD ROM, •Ex: Hard drive, bumps
DVD Flash drive •Ex: DVD

Storage Differences
power is turned off
•used for
storage
•faster
•Ex: RAM

•content can not •content can be •data stored on •data stored on
be modified modified reflective magnetically coated
•used for long •slower due to polycarbonite discs surface
term storage write operations in form of pits and •non volatile
•Ex: CD ROM, •Ex: Hard drive, bumps •long term storage
DVD Flash drive •Ex: DVD •Ex: Hard disk

Storage
Important to know....


Storage
The delete operation does usually NOT delete data from the
computer!


Storage
computer!
It simply overwrites the current data so that it can not be read
again


Storage
computer!
It simply overwrites the current data so that it can not be read
again
That is the reason why ‘recovery’ services work.


Processing
Main Processor: CPU

http://www97.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/ExploreTheCurriculum/EC_IntroductionToComputers/
ICLesson5/


Processing
Main Processor: CPU How does it work?

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode

execude

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode

execude writeback

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode
instruction
(sequence of numbers)

execude writeback

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode
instruction translate instruction
(sequence of numbers) 100010011100111011

execude writeback

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode

execude writeback
ALU
arithmetic logic unit

ICLesson5/


Processing

fetch decode

execude writeback
ALU translate instruction
arithmetic logic unit write back results to memory

ICLesson5/


Operating System Software

The operating system is the
most important program that
runs on a computer. Every
general-purpose computer
must have an operating
system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform
basic tasks, such as
recognizing input from the
keyboard, sending output to
the display screen, keeping
track of files and directories
on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as
disk drives and printers.

Operating System Software

The operating system is the For large systems, the
most important program that operating system has even
runs on a computer. Every greater responsibilities and
general-purpose computer powers. It is like a traffic cop --
must have an operating it makes sure that different
system to run other programs. programs and users running at
Operating systems perform the same time do not interfere
basic tasks, such as with each other. The operating
recognizing input from the system is also responsible for
keyboard, sending output to security, ensuring that
the display screen, keeping unauthorized users do not
track of files and directories access the system.
on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as
disk drives and printers.

Application Software


Application software, also known as an application or an app, is computer software designed to help the user to perform
speciﬁc tasks. Without appropriate application software a computer is simply a machine without any use. Application
Software is what gives the machine a right to exist and a purpose to be used.



Examples are: Enterprise Software, Accounting Software, Ofﬁce Suites, Graphics Software and Media Players.




Application Software applies the power of a particular computing platform or system software to a particular purpose.
Not all applications are available for all platforms. This is the reason for the competition of different operating systems such
as Android and iPhone or Windows and Apple OS/X.





Applications are not only for entertainment. While applications like iTunes, Angry Birds etc. serve private pleasures Office
Suites aim to help with organizational and documentation work. Enterprise Software then even aims on organizing and
simplifying business workflows and all tasks related to specific businesses.





Applications are not only for entertainment. While applications like iTunes, Angry Birds etc. serve private pleasures Office
Suites aim to help with organizational and documentation work. Enterprise Software then even aims on organizing and
simplifying business workflows and all tasks related to specific businesses.

Enterprise Software is, usually, quite expensive since it supports a whole business. With other software applications the
distribution might differ. There are many free software applications out on the market that try to provide a decent application
coverage. However paid applications are quite often more reliable and have a better support.


Open Source


Open Source
- available for free


Open Source
- many contributors


Open Source
- many contributors
- everybody can participate


Open Source
- many contributors
- download of ﬁnished program
and code


Open Source
- many contributors
and code
- sometimes struggling with
security issues


Open Source
- many contributors
and code
security issues
- trying to serve a wide range of
devices leads to errors once in a
while


Open Source
- many contributors
and code
security issues
- trying to serve a wide range of
devices leads to errors once in a
while
- credo: ‘software should be
free’

Remember


Remember

Hardware

Remember

Operating System (OS)

Hardware

Remember



Hardware

Remember
User



Hardware

Workshop: Application for Nursing.


Workshop: Application for Nursing.

Name I/O Processor
Purpose Storage
needs device
outcome


Information Technology & Its Applications - 2

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