Uses of Computer in society

1. Contents
– Intro to computer
– Parts of computers
– Components of computer
– Information process cycle
– Data, information
– Major components (Hardware)

2. Introduction to computer
Definition 1:
– Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce
output.
Definition 1:
– Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
 Accepts data
 Manipulates data
 Produces results
 Stores results

3. Parts of computer:
According to above definition we can divide computer functionality in to three
main parts
 Input
 Output
 Process

4. Continue…
INPUT
Input is any data or instructions entered to the computer. Input can be in the form of audio, video,
graphics and animations and instructions. Instructions can be
 Programs
 Commands
 User response
PROCESS
Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarize,
analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. In computer processing is done by CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
OUTPUT
Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form. The computer takes the input from user
process it and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations. Output
can be in two forms
 Soft Copy
 Hard Copy

5. Components of computer
The main Components of computer are:
– Input devices
– CPU
– Output Devices
– Storage
– Memory

6. Information process cycle
– Computer process data (input) into information (output).A Computer often
holds data, information, and instruction in storage for future use.
– The series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information
process cycle.
INPUT OUTPUT
CPU
STORAGE
MEDIUM
DATA INFORMATION
INSTRUCTION
S

7. Data
Definition:
“Raw facts, figures, events and transactions are called data”
Example:
– Researchers who conduct market research survey might ask member of the public
to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed
questionnaires are data.
– NADRA prepared CNIC of Pakistanis by collecting data of people who belongs to
Pakistan.
– Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission forms.

8. information
Defination:
– “Meaning full data is called information”
– “Processed data is called information”
WHY WE NEED INFORMATION?
– Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.
– Communication of intelligence.
– "Information is interpreted data"

9. Major components of computer;
Hardware
Major components of a computer system is following:
– Input device
– Output devices
– CPU
– Memory
– storage

10. Hardware:
input devices
– These devices allow the user to enter the data into the computer.
– These devices are:
keyboard
mouse
scanner
pointer

11. Output devices
– Devices that translate information processed by the computer system into
human understandable format
– These devices are
printer
monitor
speaker

12. I/O devices:
– Some devices are both input as well as output devices.
– Can perform I/O simultaneously.
 Touchpad screen

13. Central processing Unit;CPU
– Brain of computer
– Consist of two parts:
 ALU
 CU
ALU:
Arithmetic logic unit perform artimatic operations(+, -, %, x, /), logical operation
(ANR, OR, NOT ) and comparison (<, >, =).
CU:
Direct and coordinate flow of data through the CPU and to and from
other devices.

14. Memory:
Primary memory
– Two categories of memory
– Volatile memory; RAM
 RAM; Random access memory
 Loses its contents when the computer’s power is turned off.
 Store current data and programs temproraly.
 More RAM results in a faster system

15. Memory:
– Non-Volatile Memory; ROM
 ROM; Read only memory
 Does not Lose its contents when the computer’s power is turned off.
 Permanent storage of programs/instructions.
 Holds computer boot directions

16. Storage devices
secondary memory
– Holds data and programs permannatly
– Different from RAM
Two types of storage deceives:
 Magnetic storage:
uses magnet to access data (Floppy and Hard drive, USB drives etc)
 Optical storage:
uses a laser to access data (CDs and DVD drives)

17. THE END